Lesson 4

REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS
Republic of the Philippines

PAMANTASANG NORMAL NG PILIPINAS VISAYAS
Philippine Normal University Visayas
ANG PAMBANSANG SENTRO SA EDUKASYONG PANGGURO
The National Center for Teacher Education
LUNGSOD NG CADIZ
City of Cadiz
LESSON 4:
Linear Equation and
Inequality in One
Variable
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. find the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable;
2. solve linear equation or inequality in one variable involving absolute value by:
(a) graphing; and (b) algebraic methods; and,
3. solve problems involving equations and inequalities in one variable.
Review
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the set of values that would make an equation or
inequality a true statement?
A. Equation set
B. Inequality value
C. Set value
D. Solution set
2. Which of the following values of x will satisfy the equation 6x – 10 = 8?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
3. Which of the following values would make the inequality 7x + 5 ≥ 9 correct?
A. -2
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1
4. Which of the following values of x will satisfy the inequality -6x - 4 ≤ 10?
A. -5, 4
B. -4, -3
C. -3, -2
D. -2, -1
5. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. 7x – 2x = 15 if x = 3.
B. 4x + 2 ≥ 8 if x = 2.
C. – 3 (x + 2) < 10 if x = -6.
D. 4x + 11 = 15 if x = 1.
Lesson Proper
A linear equation in one variable is an equation that can be written in

the form ax + b = c, where a, b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
Linear equations are also first-degree equations because the exponent
on the variable is always 1.
Examples: 𝑥 + 7 = 18, 2𝑦 – 5 = 15, 5𝑝 + 7 = 22
A linear inequality in one variable is a mathematical statement that

relates a linear expression as either less than or greater than another. It
can be written in one of the following forms where a, b and c are
real numbers and a ≠ 0. ax + b < c; ax + b > c; ax + b ≤
c; ax + b ≥ c;
Examples: 𝑥 + 7 > 18 2𝑦 – 5 < 7 5𝑝 + 7 ≥ 22
The absolute value of a number is the distance on the number line

between the number and zero without any regards to its direction.
Thus, the absolute value of any number is a non-negative.
Examples: │0│ = 0 │3│ = 3 │ − 14│ = 14

│7 − 6│ = 1 │2 - 7│= 5
Linear equations and inequalities in one variable can also be solved

algebraically by using the properties below.
Properties of Equality
Let a, b and c be any real numbers.
1. Addition Property of Equality (APE)

If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐.
2. Subtraction Property of Equality (SPE)
If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑏 − 𝑐.
3. Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)
If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐.
4. Division Property of Equality (DPE)
a b
If 𝑎 = 𝑏 and 𝑐 ≠ 0, then = .
c c
5. Substitution Law
If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 and 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑏 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 or 𝑎 + 𝑎 =
𝑐.
Note: The Subtraction Property of Equality and the Division Property of

Equality are special cases of the Addition and Multiplication Properties of
Equality, respectively. Think of subtracting 1 both sides of an equation as
adding -1 on both sides. Also, dividing on both sides by 2 of the equation is
1
also the same as multiplying both sides by . To complete the properties of
2
equality, we state the following properties.
Other Properties of Equality
For any real value of a, b, and c,
1. Reflexive Property. Any number is equal to itself.
𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = 𝑏, 𝑐 = 𝑐
2. Symmetric Property. The expressions on the both sides of the
equation may be interchanged.
If a = b, then b = a.
3. Transitive Property
If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
Examples. Solve each equation using the properties.

a. 2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6
2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6 Write the original equation

2𝑥 − 4 + 𝟒 = 𝑥 + 6 + 𝟒 APE (Add 4 on both sides)
2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 10 Simplify
2𝑥 − 𝒙 = 𝑥 − 𝒙 + 10 SPE (Subtract 𝑥 from both sides)
𝑥 = 10 Simplify
The graph of the solution of the equation 2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6 which is
𝑥 = 10 is shown below.
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
b. 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3
3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 Write the original equation

3𝑥 + 12 = −3 Distributive Property (Multiply 3 to x
and 3 to 4)
3𝑥 + 12 − 12 = −3 − 12 SPE (Subtract 12 from both sides)
3𝑥 = −15 Simplify
𝑥 = −5 DPE (Divide both sides by 3)
The graph of the solution of the equation 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 which is

𝑥 = −5 is shown below.
Properties of Inequality
1. Trichotomy Property
For all real number a and b, only one of the following is true:
a < b, a = b, or a > b
Example: Let a = 1 and b = 2, by substitution we have 1 < 2, 1 = 2 , 1 > 2.
Of these 3, only one is true which is 1 < 2.
2. Transitive Property of Inequality
For all real numbers a, b and c:

If a b and b > a, then c > a.
Examples: Let a = 1 and b = 2 and c = 3:
If 1 < 2 and 2 < 3, then 1 < 3.
If 3 > 2 and 2 > 1, then 3 > 1.
3. Addition Property of Inequality (API)

If a > b, then a + c > b + c. If a < b, then a + c 2, then 3+ 1 > 2 + 1.
If 1 < 2, then 1+ 3 < 2 + 3.
4. Subtraction Property of Inequality (SPI)

If a > b, then a - c > b - c.
If a < b, then a - c 2, then 3 - 1 > 2 - 1.
If 3 < 5, then 3 - 2 < 5 - 2.
5. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Positive Numbers

For all numbers a, b and c, with c positive,
a b
If a > b then ac > bc and <
c c
a b
If a 
c c
Examples:
If 5 > 3, then (5)(2) > (3)(2).
If 3 < 5, then (3)(2) < (5)(2).
6. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Negative Numbers

For all numbers a, b and c, with c negative
a b
If a bc and >
c c
a b
If a > b then ac <bc and <
c c
Examples:
4 2
If 4 > 2, then (4)(-1) < (2)(-1) and <
−1 −1
1 3
If 1 < 3, then (1)(-1) > (3)(-1) and >
−1 −1
These properties can be used to solve inequalities. When you substitute a number for the
variable, you can determine whether that value will make the inequality a true or a false
statement. Any value that makes the sentence true is called a solution of the open sentence.
Since solutions of open sentences are real numbers, you can graph them on a number line.
To graph an inequality:
1. If the symbol uses (≥ or ≤), draw a solid circle on a number line at the indicated
number. If the symbol uses > or <, draw an open circle on the number line at the
indicated number.
2. If the variable is greater than the indicated number, shade the area on the number line
on the right side of the indicated number. If the variable is less than the indicated number, shade
the area on the number line on the left side of the indicated number.
Example: Solve each inequality then graph the solution.
a. 𝑥+2>5
Solution:
𝑥+2>5 Write the original inequality
𝑥+2−2>5−2 Subtract 2 from both sides
𝑥 >3 Simplify
Any number greater than 3 will make the statement true. Therefore, the solution set is
{x|𝑥 > 3}.
To check the solution, try any number greater than 3. Check:
𝑥+2>5
4+2>5
6 > 5 Write the inequality Replace x with 4
This statement is true.
b. −8 ≥ 𝑥 − 5
Solution
−8 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 Write the original inequality
−8 + 5 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 + 5 Add 5 to both sides
−3 ≥ 𝑥 Simplify
The solution set is {x |−3 ≥ 𝑥} or {𝑥|𝑥 ≤ −3}.
To check the solution, try any number less than -3.

Check: −8 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 Write the inequality
−8 ≥ −4 – 5 Replace x with -4
−8 ≥ − 9 This statement is true.
Exercise:
Match the solutions under Column B to each equation or inequality in

one variable under Column A. Remember that inequalities can have
more than one solution. List all acceptable solutions.
COLUMN A COLUMN
B
1. 4𝑥 − 4 = 12 A. −1
2. 2𝑥 − 1 = 3 B. 0
3. 𝑥 – 2 > 7 C. 1
4. 4𝑥 > 12 D. 2
5. 𝑥 – 5 > 3 E. 3
6. 𝑥 + 4 = 5 F. 4
7. 7𝑥 – 5 = 16 G. 5
8. 5𝑥 = 30 H. 6
9. 3𝑥 – 1 < −1 I. 9
10. 2𝑥 – 5 = 13 J. 10

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REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS

Republic of the Philippines

3. Which of the following values would make the inequality 7x + 5 ≥ 9 correct?

A linear equation in one variable is an equation that can be written in

Examples: 𝑥 + 7 = 18, 2𝑦 – 5 = 15, 5𝑝 + 7 = 22

A linear inequality in one variable is a mathematical statement that

Examples: 𝑥 + 7 > 18 2𝑦 – 5 < 7 5𝑝 + 7 ≥ 22

The absolute value of a number is the distance on the number line

Examples: │0│ = 0 │3│ = 3 │ − 14│ = 14

Linear equations and inequalities in one variable can also be solved

Let a, b and c be any real numbers.

1. Addition Property of Equality (APE)

Note: The Subtraction Property of Equality and the Division Property of

1. Reflexive Property. Any number is equal to itself.

Examples. Solve each equation using the properties.

2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6 Write the original equation

3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 Write the original equation

The graph of the solution of the equation 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 which is

Of these 3, only one is true which is 1 < 2.

2. Transitive Property of Inequality

For all real numbers a, b and c:

3. Addition Property of Inequality (API)

4. Subtraction Property of Inequality (SPI)

5. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Positive Numbers

6. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Negative Numbers

Example: Solve each inequality then graph the solution.

The solution set is {x |−3 ≥ 𝑥} or {𝑥|𝑥 ≤ −3}.

To check the solution, try any number less than -3.

Match the solutions under Column B to each equation or inequality in

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