Unit 5 Review
Unit 5 Review
Unit 5 Review
UNIT 5 REVIEW
Important Topics:
• Derivative Tests for Extrema
• Inflection Points and Concavity
• Optimization Problems
• Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives
• Curve Sketching
• Connecting 𝑓, 𝑓 ′ , and 𝑓 ′′ graphs
True or False. Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is true, explain why. If it is
false, explain why or give a counter-example to disprove the statement.
1. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity 8. There exists a function 𝑓 such that 𝑓(𝑥) > 0,
changes. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0, and 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) > 0 for all 𝑥.
2. If 𝑓 has an absolute maximum value at 𝑐, then 9. When 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0, the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0. has a local maximum or minimum at 𝑥 = 𝑐.
3. When the velocity of an object is positive, then 10. There exists a function 𝑓 such that 𝑓(1) = −3,
the object is speeding up. 𝑓(4) = 2, and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 1 for all 𝑥.
4. The speed of a particle at 𝑡 = 𝑐 is given by the 11. If 𝑓 is differentiable and 𝑓(−2) = 𝑓(2) then
value |𝑣(𝑐)|. there is a number 𝑥 = 𝑐 such that |𝑐| < 2 and
𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0.
5. If 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0 for 1 < 𝑥 < 5 then 𝑓 is decreasing 12. Acceleration means an object is slowing down,
on (1, 5). speeding up, or changing direction.
6. If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are increasing on an interval (𝑎, 𝑏) 13. If 𝑓 ′′ (3) = 0, then �3, 𝑓(3)� is a point of
then 𝑓𝑓 is also increasing on the interval (𝑎, 𝑏). inflection of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
7. If a function 𝑓 is continuous on (𝑎, 𝑏), then 𝑓 14. Given a differentiable function 𝑓 such that
attains an absolute maximum value 𝑓(𝑐) and an 𝑓(1) = −3, 𝑓(4) = 6, there exists a value 𝑥 = 𝑐,
absolute minimum value 𝑓(𝑑) at some numbers such that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 3.
𝑐 and 𝑑 in (𝑎, 𝑏).
• Absolute (Global) Extrema: Absolute extrema are the absolute largest or smallest
values attained by the function throughout its entire domain. You find absolute extrema
by comparing the endpoint values of the function with the relative extreme values found
at critical numbers. This is known as the candidates test.
• Inflection Points: Inflection points are points at which a curve switches concavity.
Wherever the second derivative changes sign, the function has an inflection point. If the
second derivative does not change sign, you do not have an inflection point.
4
15. The volume of a hot air balloon is given by 𝑉(𝑡) = 3 𝜋(9 − 2𝑡)3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ𝑟. Find the rate of
change of the surface area of the balloon when 𝑡 = 3 hours. Hint: surface area is 4𝜋𝑟 2.
𝑑𝑑
16. A point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) moves on the graph of 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 3 such that 𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥. Find 𝑑𝑑/𝑑𝑑 at the point
(2, 4).
3 5 2 4
A. B. C. D.
2 2 3 5
𝜋 5𝜋
A. 𝑥 = B. 𝑥 =
6 6
𝜋 2𝜋
C. 𝑥 = D. 𝑥 =
3 3
20. The set of all numbers 𝑐 in 1 < 𝑥 < 4 satisfying the conclusion of the mean value theorem
4
for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 on the interval 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 equals
A. 𝑥 = −2, 2 B. 𝑥 = 2, 3
C. 𝑥 = −2 D. 𝑥 = 2
A. The graph of 𝑓 has exactly two points of inflection for 𝑥 on [0, 2𝜋].
𝜋
B. 𝑓 has a local maximum at = 6 .
𝜋
C. 𝑓 has a local minimum at = 2 .
5𝜋
D. 𝑓 has a local maximum at = .
6
1 6
22. What are all values of 𝑥 for which the graph of 𝑦 = 4 + 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 is concave down?
A. 𝑥 < −1 B. 𝑥 > −1
A. 3 B. −3
C. 1 D. none of these
24. The ends of a water trough are 8 feet long are equilateral triangles whose sides are 2 feet long.
If water is being poured into the trough at a rate of 5 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑚𝑚, find the rate at which the water
level is rising when the depth is 8 inches.
15√3
A. 15√3 ft/min B. ft/min
4
15√3 15√3
C. ft/min D. ft/min
16 32
1
25. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 on − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, find the absolute maximum and minimum values of
the function.
A. 𝑦 = 17, 𝑦 = 3 B. 𝑦 = 17, 𝑦 = 0
C. 𝑦 = 17, 𝑦 = −3 D. 𝑦 = 1, 𝑦 = −3
26. A rancher has 500 feet of fencing material to build a corral for livestock against the side of a
barn, which will not need any fencing. Find the dimensions of the corral that will maximize the
largest area.
27. Calculator. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at time 𝑡 > 0 its position is given by
𝑥(𝑡) = (2𝑡 − 5)𝑒 𝑡 . At the instant when the acceleration becomes zero, the velocity of the
particle is approximately
A. −0.677 B. −2.426
C. −3.297 D. 6.595
28. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at time 𝑡 > 0 its position is given by
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 4 − 2𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 + 5. Find the velocity of the particle at the instant when the acceleration
becomes zero.
A. −0.594 B. −4.15
C. 0.152 D. 21.985
29. A 20-foot ladder slides down a wall at a rate of 5 ft/sec. At what rate is the bottom of the ladder
sliding out (in ft/sec) when the top is 10 feet from the ground?
A. 0.346 B. 0.224
C. 4.472 D. 2. 887
CURVE SKETCHING:
The figure at right shows the derivative of 𝒇.
Use it to answer the following questions.
30. What are the critical values of 𝑓?
35. Sketch 𝑓(𝑥) using a red colored pencil if 𝑓(0) = 0. Then sketch 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) is blue.