Valves Types - Eng. Ramy Ghoraba

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Valves types
Content
2
Classification: As per function
 It operates by reciprocating action of disc or plug.

 The disc or plug moves to or away from the seat thereby
stopping the fluid flow or allowing the fluid to flow. 3
 Pressure drop in the globe valve is high.
 The valve can be manually operated or power actuated or
automatic actuated
 Globe valves are available from 12 mm to 300 mm size and
their temperature and pressure limits are 550 C and 150
2
kg/cm respectively.
 Material of construction for globe valve is carbon steel,
stainless steel, ductile iron, brass, and other corrosion
resistant alloys.
Closed Open
Globe valve component
Hand wheel
Stem
Gland flange
Gland proper
Bonnet
Packing
Backseat bushing 4
Body
Disc
Seat ring
 Turn on the handle

 The disk will go up and the water will start to pass through the valve from
the high pressure side to the other side.
 Globe valves can be arranged so that the disk closes against or in the same
direction of fluid flow.
 When the disk closes against the direction of fluid flow, the kinetic energy of
the fluid impedes closing but aids opening of the valve.
 Gate valve functions by the reciprocating action of disc in

its body
 It can have a single disc or double disc.
 It is used for shut off operation. In double disc valve shut
off is good 5
 Gate valves are available in various sizes ranging from
12 mm to 300 mm and even more.
 Gate valve is light in weight, economic and offers low
pressure drop.
 It gives accurate flow control
 Gate valve can be used up to 20 kg/cm2 and up to 675°C.
 Material of construction for gate valve is cast iron, carbon
steel, stainless steel, ductile iron, bronze, nickel alloys etc.
Hand wheel
Gate valve component
Stuffing box
Packing material
Bonnet
Gasket
Stem
Flange
Flange
Gasket
Gate
Valve body
6
 Gate valves work by inserting a rectangular gate or wedge into the path of a flowing
fluid.
 They are operated by a threaded stem which connects the actuator (generally a
hand wheel or motor) to the stem of the gate.
 When fully open, a gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path and so has a very
low pressure drop
 Ball valve has a spherical plug.

 The spherical plug is a controlling element.
 It is used where throttling and shut off combination is
required.
 It offers good flow characteristics.
 Ball valve consists of a two way globe and the ball
rotates between resilient seats.
 It is compact and requires low maintenance and no
lubrication.
 By giving a quarter turn to the ball, the valve can be
closed or opened.
 It can be available in size from 6mm to as large as
900mm.
 It can be used for pressures up to 500 kg/cm and
temperature up to 300°C.
Hand
Stop operating
Packing ring
Stem
Ball
Ball valve component 7
Seat
Flange
Flange
 When rotated 90°, the bore becomes perpendicular to

the flow path, meaning the valve is closed, and fluid
cannot pass through
Ball element
rotation
Valve
case
Valve fully closed
No flow
Ball
Fluid
Valve ½ Open
There is flow
Ball
Valve fully open

Flow pass
 The controlling element is a disc called as blade, vane or

flapper.
 Blade is rotate in horizontal or vertical direction and 8
allows the fluid to flow.
 Butterfly valve is suitable for throttling or on-off
operation at low pressure drop.
 It is economic, easy to install and does not allow the
solids to build up.
 Butterfly valve can be either screw type or of wafer
type.
 Its operation can be manual, power, or automatic.
 Butterfly value can be used for vacuum operations or
pressures up to 80 kg/cm2.
 It is available in size ranging from 50mm to as large as
900 mm.
 The blade or flapper of a Butterfly valve can be made
from rubber, neoprene, Chloro Sulphonated
polyethylene etc.
Handle /
Actuator
Stem
Body
Resilient seat Butterfly valve component

9
Disc
Disk-shaped seating element is rotated 90° to open or close the flow passage
Disk No flow
Closed
Flow
pass
Disk
Open
 Plug valve is used for on-off service.

 The main parts of a valve are body, plug and cover.
 Plug can be cylindrical or tapered.
 The plug has a slit cut in it to allow the fluid to
flow.
 It provides a straight line and can be opened or 10
closed just by giving a quarter turn.
 Plug valve can be made to have one or more
openings to change the direction of flow.
 It can be lubricated or non-lubricated type.
 Valves with spherical plug are useful in automatic
process control operations.
 Plug valve can be fabricated from cast iron,
stainless steel, copper, alloys, nickel alloys and
other corrosion resistant alloys.
Advantage Quick action Easy operation. Light in weight
Minimum space for installation High capacity.
Plug valve component

1 Lubricant screw
2 Indicator
3 Gland nuts 9 Check valve
4 Gland 10 Stop
5 Gland packing 11 Cover
6 Packing ring 12 Shim
7 Lubricant duct 13 Gasket
8 Plug 14 Body
15 Lubricant grooves
16 Lubricant chamber
11
 Plug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically tapered "plugs" which can be
rotated inside the valve body to control flow through the valve.
 The plugs in plug valves have one or more hollow passageways going sideways
through the plug
 So that fluid can flow through the plug when the valve is open.
 Main parts of a diaphragm valve are, body, bonnet

and a flexible diaphragm
 Diaphragm is lifted up when the valve is opened
and the diaphragm is tightly pressed against the
bottom of valve, when it is closed
 Diaphragm valves are classified as
 Weir type
 Commonly used
 This gives longer life for diaphragm
 Diaphragm valve relatively low thrust and shut
off stroke is required
 Straight through type
 Suitable for handling slurries, viscous liquids,
fibrous suspensions
 Diaphragm is made either from rubber, Neoprene
or Buna.
 It is available in size 3 mm to as large as 600 mm
 It can be used up to 20 kg/cm2 pressure and
2200 C temperature 12
 Material of construction for diaphragm valve can
be cast iron, stainless steel, and corrosion resistant
alloys.
Hand wheel
Plug valve component
Bonnet
Stem
Sealing bead
Compressor
Weir
Flange
Flange
Port
Body
13
Weir type Straight through

type
 Flexible diaphragm is connected to a compressor by a stud molded into

the diaphragm
 In valve diaphragm, the compressor is moved up and down by the valve stem
 The diaphragm lifts when the compressor is raised
Open Throttling Closed
14
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IN
Power OFF
Power OFF
OUT 02
Closed
OUT 01
Power ON
Power ON
Closed
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 It operates by reciprocating action of disc or plug.

 Turn on the handle

 Gate valve functions by the reciprocating action of disc in

Classification: As per function

 Ball valve has a spherical plug.

 When rotated 90°, the bore becomes perpendicular to

Valve fully open

 The controlling element is a disc called as blade, vane or

Resilient seat Butterfly valve component

 Plug valve is used for on-off service.

Plug valve component

Classification: As per function

 Main parts of a diaphragm valve are, body, bonnet

Weir type Straight through

 Flexible diaphragm is connected to a compressor by a stud molded into

 The diaphragm lifts when the compressor is raised

Open Throttling Closed

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