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FUTURE FINANCIAL
ECONOMICS OF
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National
Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800)
624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Consultant
SCOTT REEVES, Kingston University and St George’s, University of
London
__________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning
committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics,
and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a
Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1
__________________
1 This is the list of Forum members as of October 7, 2017.
Reviewers
1 Introduction
APPENDIXES
A Workshop Agenda
D Forum-Sponsored Products
Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Introduction1
BOX 1-1
Statement of Task
An ad hoc committee will plan and conduct a 2-day public
workshop to explore resources for financing health professional
education in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. The
workshop will examine innovative methods for financially
supporting investments in health professional education within
and across professions that might include such topics as:
My job this morning is to tell you, why now? What is the sense of
urgency? Why are we here? These were the words of Erin Fraher,
who continued to say incredibly rapid health system changes are
occurring that are putting new demands on the health workforce.
She then described the multiple ways the system is changing.
REFERENCES
BusinessDictionary. n.d. Financial economics. http://www.businessdic
tionary.com/definition/financial-economics.html (accessed March
2, 2017).
Dower, C. 2012. Health policy brief: Graduate medical education.
Health Affairs. http://www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brie
f.php?brief_id=73 (accessed July 13, 2017).
Evans, T., E. C. Araujo, C. H. Herbst, and O. Pannenborg. 2016.
Addressing the challenges of health professional education:
Opportunities to accelerate progress towards universal health
coverage. Doha, Qatar: World Innovation Summit for Health.
GAO (U.S. Government Accountability Office). 2015. Comprehensive
planning by HHS needed to meet national needs: Report to
congressional requesters. Document GAO-16-17. Washington, DC:
GAO.
Horton, R., E. C. Araujo, H. Bhorat, S. Bruysten, C. G. Jacinto, B.
McPake, K. S. Reddy, R. Reinikka, J.-O. Schmidt, L. Song, V.
Tangcharoensathien, S. Trent-Adams, D. Weakliam, and A. E.
Yamin. 2016. Final report of the expert group to the High-Level
Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth.
Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
ICN (International Council of Nurses), International Pharmaceutical
Federation, World Dental Federation, World Medical Association,
International Hospital Federation, and World Confederation for
Physical Therapy. 2008. Guidelines: Incentives for health
professionals Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation. 2016. Registered nurses: Partners in
transforming primary care. Recommendations from the Macy
Foundation Conference on Preparing Registered Nurses for
Enhanced Roles in Primary Care. New York: Josiah Macy Jr.
Foundation.
WHO (World Health Organization). 2016. Global strategy on human
resources for health: Workforce 2030. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
__________________
1 The planning committee’s role was limited to planning the workshop, and the
Proceedings of a Workshop has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a
factual summary of what occurred at the workshop. Statements,
recommendations, and opinions expressed are those of individual presenters and
participants, and are not necessarily endorsed or verified by the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and they should not be
construed as reflecting any group consensus.
2 The term financial economics more accurately captures the discussions that
took place at the workshop, which is why the title of this Proceedings of a
Workshop differs from the title of the workshop. Financial economics is defined as
a “branch of economics focused on the elements of time, risk, opportunity cost,
and other variables related to financial decisions. This field of study concentrates
on how financial moves are made under uncertain conditions” (BusinessDictionary,
n.d.).
3 Videos of the workshop can be found on the Global Forum on Innovation in
Health Professional Education workshop website, http://nationalacademies.org/hm
d/Activities/Global/InnovationHealthProfEducation/2016-OCT-6.aspx (accessed
March 9, 2017).
4 Throughout the workshop, speakers referred to health professions and health
professionals. While professions has a broader context than professionals, it was
left to the individual preference of the speaker as to which term he or she used.
2
Edson Correia Araujo is a senior economist at the World Bank, and led
the World Bank health workforce global knowledge program. His
presentation focused on the interaction between health professional
education (HPE) and labor markets from a global perspective, with
examples of trends and challenges from low- and middle-income countries
as well as high-income countries.
FIGURE 2-2 The interaction between education and labor markets for health
workers.
NOTE: This is an adaptation of an original work by the World Bank.
Responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the adaptation rests
solely with the author of the adaptation and are not endorsed by any member
institution of the World Bank Group.
SOURCES: Presented by Araujo, October 6, 2016 (adapted from McPake et al.,
2015).
Araujo said that these market forces influence the allocation of labor
inputs and often result in