This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D4953 − 20

Standard Test Method for

Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends
(Dry Method)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
from 35 kPa to 100 kPa (5 psi to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method),
provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 2. Referenced Documents
1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends. 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor (Reid Method)
pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals
(pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample Petroleum Products
and air in the confined space. D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
NOTE 2—Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends Fuels, and Lubricants
below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined
with this test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a Petroleum Products
0 kPa to 200 kPa (0 psi to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Method D323. Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1.2 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see ucts and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Note 7). D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Volatility Measurement
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
only. of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.1 Bourdon spring gauge, n—pressure measuring device
Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and that employs a bourdon tube connected to an indicator.
A1.1.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.2 Bourdon tube, n—flattened metal tube bent to a curve
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- that straightens under internal pressure.

1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.08 on Volatility. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4953 – 15. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4953-20. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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3.1.3 dry method, n—in vapor pressure methods, a specific is used and the provision for rotating the apparatus in the bath.
empirical test method (D4953) for measuring the vapor pres- Details of a commercially available unit are shown in Annex
sure of gasoline and other volatile products in which contact of A2.
the test specimen with water is not allowed.
7. Handling of Test Samples
3.1.4 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), n—value cal-
culated by a defined correlation equation, that is expected to be 7.1 This section applies to both Procedure A and B.
comparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test 7.2 The extreme sensitivity of vapor pressure measurements
Method D4953, Procedure A. to losses through evaporation is such as to require the utmost
3.1.5 oxygenate, n—oxygen-containing ashless organic precaution and the most meticulous care in handling of
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as samples.
a fuel or fuel supplement. D4175 7.3 Obtain a sample and test specimen in accordance with
3.1.6 vapor pressure, n—pressure exerted by the vapor of a Practice D4057, D4177, D4306, D5842, or D5854 when
liquid when in equilibrium with the liquid D4175 appropriate, except do not use the Sampling by Water Dis-
placement section for fuels containing oxygenates.
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 DVPE, n—dry vapor pressure equivalent 7.4 Sample Container Size:
7.4.1 The size of the sample container from which the vapor
4. Summary of Test Method pressure sample is taken shall be 1 L (1 qt). It shall be 70 % to
80 % filled with sample.
4.1 The liquid chamber of the vapor pressure apparatus is 7.4.2 The present precision statement has been derived
filled with the chilled sample and connected to the vapor using samples in 1 L (1 qt) containers. Samples taken in
chamber at 37.8 °C (100 °F). The apparatus is immersed in a containers of other sizes as prescribed in 7.3 can be used if it
bath at 37.8 °C (100 °F) until a constant pressure is observed. is recognized that the precision can be affected. In the case of
The pressure reading, suitably corrected, is reported as the referee testing the 1 L (1 qt) sample container shall be manda-
vapor pressure. tory.
4.2 Procedure A utilizes the same apparatus and essentially 7.5 Hazards:
the same procedure as Test Method D323 with the exception 7.5.1 The vapor pressure determination shall be the first test
that the interior surfaces of the liquid and vapor chambers are withdrawn from the sample container. The remaining sample in
maintained completely free of water. Procedure B utilizes a the container cannot be used for a second vapor pressure
semi-automatic apparatus with the liquid and vapor chambers determination. If necessary, obtain a new sample.
identical in volume to those in Procedure A. The apparatus is 7.5.2 Samples shall be protected from excessive heat prior
suspended in a horizontal bath and rotated while attaining to testing.
equilibrium. Either a Bourdon gauge or pressure transducer can 7.5.3 Samples in leaky containers shall not be tested.
be used with this procedure. The interior surfaces of the liquid Discard and obtain a new sample.
and vapor chambers are maintained free of water.
7.6 Sample Handling Temperature—In all cases, the sample
5. Significance and Use container and contents shall be cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to
34 °F) before the container is opened. Sufficient time to reach
5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of this temperature shall be assured by direct measurement of the
liquid spark-ignition engine fuels. It provides an indication of temperature of a similar liquid in a like container placed in the
how a fuel will perform under different operating conditions. cooling bath at the same time as the sample. See A1.3.1.
For example, vapor pressure is a factor in determining whether
a fuel will cause vapor lock at high ambient temperature or at 8. Preparation of Apparatus
high altitude, or will provide easy starting at low ambient 8.1 This section applies to both Procedure A and Procedure
temperature. B.
5.2 Petroleum product specifications generally include va- 8.2 Verification of Sample Container Filling—With the
por pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility sample at a temperature of 0 °C to 1 °C, take the container
performance. from the cooling bath or refrigerator and wipe dry with
NOTE 3—Vapor pressure of fuels is regulated by various government absorbent material. If the container is not transparent, unseal it,
agencies. and using a suitable gauge, confirm that the sample volume
equals 70 % to 80 % of the container capacity (see Note 4). If
6. Apparatus the sample is contained in a transparent glass container, verify
6.1 The apparatus for Procedure A is described in Annex that the container is 70 % to 80 % full by suitable means (see
A1. Note 4).
6.2 The essential dimensions and requirements for the liquid NOTE 4—For non-transparent containers, one way to confirm that the
sample volume equals 70 % to 80 % of the container capacity is to use a
and vapor chamber for Procedure B are identical with those for dipstick that has been pre-marked to indicate the 70 % and 80 % container
Procedure A and described in Annex A1. External fittings and capacities. The dipstick should be of such material that it shows wetting
features will vary depending on whether a gauge or transducer after being immersed and withdrawn from the sample. To confirm the

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sample volume, insert the dipstick into the sample container so that it Procedure B the vapor chamber lies horizontally, completely
touches the bottom of the container at a perpendicular angle, before immersed in the water bath.) Do not remove the vapor chamber
removing the dipstick. For transparent containers, using a marked ruler or
by comparing the sample container to a like container which has the 70 %
from the water bath until the liquid chamber has been filled
and 80 % levels clearly marked, has been found suitable. with sample as described in 9.1.
8.2.1 Discard the sample if its volume is less than 70 % of 9. Procedure
the container capacity.
8.2.2 If the container is more than 80 % full, pour out 9.1 Sample Transfer—Remove the sample from the cooling
enough sample to bring the container contents within 70 % to bath, dry the exterior of the container with absorbent material,
80 % range. Under no circumstance return any of the poured uncap, and insert the chilled transfer tube (see Fig. 1). Remove
out sample to the container. the liquid chamber from the cooling bath and, using an
8.2.3 Reseal the container, if necessary, and return the absorbent material, dry the threaded top and place the chamber
sample container to the cooling bath. in an inverted position over the top of the transfer tube. Invert
the entire system rapidly so that the liquid chamber is upright
8.3 Air Saturation of the Sample in Sample Container: with the end of the transfer tube approximately 6 mm (0.25 in.)
8.3.1 Transparent Containers Only—Since 8.2 does not from the bottom of the liquid chamber. Fill the chamber to
require that the sample be opened to verify the sample capacity, overflowing. Withdraw the transfer tube from the liquid cham-
it is necessary to unseal the cap momentarily before resealing ber while allowing the sample to continue flowing up to
it, so that the samples in transparent containers are treated the complete withdrawal. (Warning—Provision shall be made for
same as samples in non-transparent containers. suitable containment and disposal of the overflowing sample to
8.3.2 With the sample again at a temperature of 0 °C to avoid fire hazard.)
1 °C, take the container from the cooling bath or refrigerator,
9.2 Assembly of Apparatus—Immediately remove the vapor
wipe it dry with an absorbent material, remove the cap
chamber from the water bath and, as quickly as possible, dry
momentarily, taking care that no water enters, reseal, and shake
the exterior of the chamber with absorbent material with
vigorously. Return it to the cooling bath or refrigerator for a
particular care given to the connection between the vapor
minimum of 2 min.
chamber and the liquid chamber. Remove the closure from the
8.3.3 Repeat 8.3.2 twice more. Return the sample to the
vapor chamber and couple the filled liquid chamber to the
cooling bath until the beginning of the procedure.
vapor chamber as quickly as possible without spillage. When
8.4 Preparation of Liquid Chamber: the vapor chamber is removed from the water bath and dried
8.4.1 Place the stoppered or closed liquid chamber and the and the closure is removed, connect it to the liquid chamber
sample transfer tube in a refrigerator or cooling bath for without undue movement that could promote exchange of
sufficient time to allow the chamber and the transfer tube to room temperature air with the 37.8 °C (100 °F) air in the
reach a temperature of 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F). Keep the chamber. Not more than 10 s should elapse between removing
liquid chamber upright and not immersed over the top of the the vapor chamber from the water bath and completion of the
coupling threads. (Warning—The transfer connection must be coupling of the two chambers. With Procedure B it is necessary
kept completely dry during cooling. This can be accomplished to disconnect the spiral tubing at the quick action disconnect
by placing the transfer connection in a water tight plastic bag.) after removing from the water bath and before making the
8.5 Preparation of the Vapor Chamber: connection to the vapor chamber.
8.5.1 Connect the gauge or pressure transducer to the vapor 9.3 Introduction of the Apparatus into Bath:
chamber and make a water tight closure of the lower opening 9.3.1 Procedure A—Turn the assembled apparatus upside
of the chamber where the liquid chamber attaches. Make sure down and allow all the sample in the liquid chamber to drain
that the vent hole in the vapor chamber connection is also into the vapor chamber. With the apparatus still inverted, shake
securely closed. (Warning—Making a water tight closure of it vigorously eight times lengthwise. With the gauge end up,
both the liquid and vapor chambers is extremely important. For immerse the assembled apparatus in the bath, maintained at
some samples containing oxygenated compounds, contact with
water can cause phase separation and invalidate results.)
NOTE 5—For some Test Method D323 apparatus, a Number 6.5 rubber
stopper has been found satisfactory. For the horizontal or Herzog
apparatus, a Number 3 rubber stopper and a Number 000 cork in the vent
hole is satisfactory. Another procedure is to attach a spare liquid chamber
to the vapor chamber during the conditioning period. A third alternative is
to utilize a cap threaded to match the threads of the vapor chamber.
Several apparatus manufacturers have indicated the intention to supply
such caps for equipment. In any procedure used, the interior surfaces of
the vapor pressure apparatus and the sample must be kept completely free
of water.
8.5.2 Immerse the vapor chamber in a water bath main-
tained at 37.8 °C 6 0.1 °C (100 °F 6 0.2 °F) for not less than
20 min. The top of the vapor chamber must be at least 25 mm FIG. 1 Simplified Sketches Outlining Method Transferring
(1 in.) below the surface of the water (Procedure A). (In Sample to Liquid Chamber from Open-Type Containers

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 D4953 − 20
37.8 °C 6 0.1 °C (100 °F 6 0.2 °F), in an inclined position so of not less than 2 min, until 2 consecutive readings are
that the connection of the liquid and vapor chambers is below constant. (Tapping is not necessary with transducer model but
the water level. Carefully examine for leaks. If no leaks are the reading intervals are the same.) Read the final gauge or
observed, further immerse the apparatus to at least 25 mm transducer pressure to the nearest 0.25 kPa (0.05 psi) and
(1 in.) above the top of the vapor chamber. Observe the record this value as the uncorrected vapor pressure. Without
apparatus for leaks throughout the test and discard the test at undue delay, disconnect the gauge or pressure transducer from
anytime a leak is detected. the apparatus and check its reading against that of the pressure
9.3.2 Procedure B—While holding the apparatus in a verti- measuring device while both are subjected to a common steady
cal position immediately reconnect the spiral tubing at the pressure that is not more than 1.0 kPa (0.2 psi) different from
quick action disconnect. Tilt the apparatus to a horizontal the recorded uncorrected vapor pressure. If a difference is
position and lower the vapor chamber to 20° to 30° downward observed between the gauge or transducer and the pressure
for 4 s or 5 s to allow the sample to flow into the vapor measuring device, add to or subtract the difference from the
chamber without getting into the tube extending into the vapor uncorrected vapor pressure and record the resulting value as
chamber from the gauge or pressure transducer. Place the the vapor pressure of the sample.
assembled apparatus into the water bath maintained at 38.7 °C
6 0.1 °C (100 °F 6 0.2 °F) in such a way that the bottom of NOTE 6—If it is suspected that phase separation of the sample may have
the liquid chamber engages the drive coupling and the other occurred during the test procedure, the following procedure can be
performed to verify the integrity of the test sample. Perform the following
end of the apparatus rests on the support bearing. Observe the operations as quickly as possible after removing the apparatus from the
apparatus for leakage throughout the test. Discard the test water bath in order to maintain the temperature of the sample at or near the
anytime a leak is detected. test temperature. Quickly dry the exterior surfaces of the liquid and vapor
chambers with absorbent material. With the apparatus in an upright
9.4 Verification of Single Phase Sample—After the appara- position, disconnect the vapor and liquid chambers. Quickly drain the
tus has been immersed in the bath, check the remaining sample contents of the liquid chamber into a dry, clear, glass container and
for phase separation. If the sample is contained in a transparent observe the sample. If the sample is not clear and bright and free of a
container, this observation can be made prior to sample transfer second phase, cap the container, reheat the sample to 37.8 °C (100 °F),
(9.1). If the sample is contained in a non-transparent container, mix the sample well, and observe the sample again. If the sample is still
not clear and bright and free of a second phase, phase separation has
mix the sample thoroughly and immediately pour a portion of occurred and the test may not be valid.
the remaining sample into a clear glass container and observe
for evidence of phase separation. A hazy appearance is to be 9.6 Preparation of Apparatus for Next Test—Thoroughly
carefully distinguished from separation into two distinct purge the vapor chamber of residual sample by filling it with
phases. The hazy appearance shall not be considered grounds warm water above 32 °C (90 °F) and allowing it to drain.
for rejection of the fuel. If a second phase is observed, discard Repeat this purging at least five times. Purge the liquid
the test and the sample. Hazy samples may be analyzed (see chamber in the same manner. Rinse both chambers and the
Report section). transfer tube several times with petroleum naphtha, or similar
material, then several times with acetone, then blow dry using
9.5 Measurement of Vapor Pressure:
dried air. Appropriately close the liquid chamber and place it in
9.5.1 Procedure A—After the assembled apparatus has been
the cooling bath or refrigerator in preparation for the next test.
in the water bath for at least 5 min, tap the pressure gauge
Use an appropriate closure for the bottom connection (where
lightly and observe the reading. Withdraw the apparatus from
liquid chamber attaches) of the vapor chamber and attach the
the bath and repeat the instructions of 9.3. At intervals of not
gauge after the gauge has been prepared in accordance with
less than 2 min, tap the gauge, observe the reading and repeat
9.6.2.
the instructions given in 9.3 until a total of not less than five
shakings and gauge readings have been made and continuing 9.6.1 If the purging of the vapor chamber is done in a bath,
thereafter if necessary until the last two consecutive gauge be sure to avoid small films of floating sample by keeping the
readings are constant, indicating that equilibrium has been bottom and top openings of the chamber closed as they pass
attained. Read the final gauge pressure to the nearest 0.25 kPa through the water surface.
(0.05 psi) and record this value as the uncorrected vapor 9.6.2 Preparation of Gauge (Procedure A)—Disconnect the
pressure of the sample. Without undue delay remove the gauge from its manifold connection with the pressure measur-
pressure gauge from the apparatus and, without attempting to ing device, remove trapped liquid in the Bourdon tube of the
remove any liquid that may be trapped in the gauge, check its gauge by repeated centrifugal thrusts. Accomplish this in the
reading against that of the pressure measuring device while following manner: hold the gauge between the palms of the
both are subjected to a common steady pressure that is not hands with the right palm on the face of the gauge and the
more than 1.0 kPa (0.2 psi) from the recorded uncorrected threaded connection of the gauge forward, extend the arms
vapor pressure. If a difference is observed between the gauge forward and upward at an angle of 45°, and swing the arms
and the pressure measuring device readings, add to or subtract rapidly downward through an arc of about 135° so that
the difference from the uncorrected vapor pressure and record centrifugal force aids gravity in removing trapped liquid.
the resulting value as the vapor pressure of the sample. Repeat this operation at least 3 times or until all liquid has been
9.5.2 Procedure B—After the assembled apparatus has been expelled from the gauge. Connect the gauge to the vapor
in the bath for at least 5 min, tap the pressure gauge lightly and chamber with the liquid connection closed and place in the
observe the reading. Repeat the tapping and reading at intervals 37.8 °C (100 °F) bath to condition for the next test.

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9.6.3 Preparation of Gauge or Transducer (Procedure would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
B)—In the correct operation of Procedure B liquid does not the test method, exceed the following values only in one case
reach the gauge or transducer. If it is observed or suspected that in twenty:
liquid has reached the gauge, purge the gauge as described in Procedure A 5.52 kPa (0.80 psi)
9.6.2. The transducer has no cavity to trap liquid. Ensure that
Procedure B (See Note 10)
no liquid is present in the T-handle fitting or spiral tubing by Gauge (See Note 11) 5.38 kPa (0.78 psi)
forcing a stream of dry air through the tubing. Connect the Transducer (Herzog) 2.90 kPa (0.42 psi)
gauge or transducer to the vapor chamber with the liquid Transducer (Precision Scientific) 4.27 kPa (0.62 psi)
connection closed and place in the 37.8 °C (100 °F) bath to NOTE 10—The data from the three instruments that performed Proce-
condition for the next test. dure B, in the interlaboratory program described in Note 9 yielded
precision figures that are different statistically and could not be pooled.
10. Report Hence these figures are displayed individually.
NOTE 11—The precision figures are applicable only to gages manufac-
10.1 Reporting Results—Report the vapor pressure to the tured by Armaturenbau, GMBH, 0 psi to 15 psi, Bourdon tube volume of
nearest 0.25 kPa (0.05 psi) in kilopascals (pounds-force per 38 mL nominal. Usage of gauges with other internal volumes may affect
square inch) without reference to temperature. the test method precision and bias.

10.2 If the sample was observed to be hazy in 9.4, report the 11.2 Bias:
test result as in 10.1, followed by the letter “H.” 11.2.1 Absolute Bias—Since there is no accepted reference
material suitable for determining the bias for the procedures in
NOTE 7—The precision and bias statements have not been determined this test method for measuring vapor pressure of gasoline or
for hazy samples, since these types of samples have not been evaluated as
part of an interlaboratory study.
gasoline-oxygenate blends, bias cannot be determined. The
NOTE 8—The inclusion of the letter “H” in 10.2 is intended to alert the amount of bias between this test vapor pressure and true vapor
data recipient that the sample analyzed was hazy. In the event a laboratory pressure is unknown.
has a computer system that is incapable of reporting alphanumeric results 11.2.2 Relative Bias—Statistically significant relative biases
in accordance with the requirements in 10.2, it is permissible for the between Procedures A and Procedure B were observed in the
laboratory to report the result obtained as in 10.1, along with a statement
or annotation that clearly conveys to the data recipient that the sample data from the cooperative program described in Note 9. These
analyzed was hazy. biases can be corrected by applying the appropriate correlation
equation listed below, that calculates a dry vapor pressure
11. Precision and Bias4 equivalent value for Procedure A (DVPE, Procedure A), from
11.1 The following criteria are to be used for judging the values obtained by Procedure B:
acceptability of results. 11.2.2.1 For Procedure B, gauge See Note 10:
NOTE 9—The following precision data were developed in a 1991 DVPE, Procedure A 5 1.029 X (1)
interlaboratory cooperative test program. Participants analyzed sample 11.2.2.2 For Procedure B, transducer, Herzog equipment:
sets comprised of blind duplicates of 14 types of hydrocarbons and
hydrocarbonoxygenate blends. The oxygen content ranged from 0 % to DVPE, Procedure A 5 0.984 X (2)
15 % by volume nominal and the vapor pressure ranged from 14 kPa to
100 kPa (2 psi to 15 psi) nominal. A total of 60 laboratories participated. where:
Some participants performed more than one test method, using separate X = observed total vapor pressure from Procedure B
sample sets for each. Twenty-six samples sets were tested by Test Method
D4953, 13 by Test Method D5190, and 27 by Test Method D5191. In 11.2.3 No relative bias was observed between Procedure A
addition, six sets were tested by modified Test Method D5190 and 13 by and the precision scientific equipment in the data obtained in
modified Test Method D5191. the interlaboratory program described in Note 9.
11.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive 11.2.4 Since Test Method D323 was not included in the
test results obtained by the same operator with the same 1991 interlaboratory test program described in Note 9, no
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test statement can be made regarding the relative bias between any
material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct of the methods studied versus Test Method D323 based on data
operation of the test method, exceed the following values in from this study. However, from a 1987 interlaboratory study,5
only one case in twenty: no statistically significant bias was observed between Proce-
Procedure A 3.65 kPa (0.53 psi) dure A of this test method and Test Method D323 for samples
containing hydrocarbons only or hydrocarbons and methyl
Procedure B (See Note 10) t-butyl ether.
Gauge (See Note 11) 4.00 kPa (0.58 psi)
Transducer (Herzog) 2.14 kPa (0.31 psi) NOTE 12—In the 1991 interlaboratory test program described in Note 9,
Transducer (Precision Scientific) 3.58 kPa (0.52 psi)
one jet fuel of type JP-4 was included. Statistically lower repeatability and
11.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single reproducibility estimates for Procedure B were observed for this particular
and independent test results obtained by different operators sample compared to all others in the sample set. Since only one jet fuel
was tested in the program, these figures are not intended nor can it be
working in different laboratories on identical test material

4 5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1286. Contact ASTM Customer be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1245. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [email protected]. Service at [email protected].

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 D4953 − 20
technically considered as a precision statement regarding usage of this 12. Keywords
method on all jet fuels. This is provided as information only for those who
are interested in the approximate precision of this method when applied to 12.1 dry method; gasoline; gasoline-oxygenate blend;
a jet fuel of type JP-4. spark-ignition engine fuel; vapor pressure; volatility
Procedure A r > 3.6 kPa (0.52 psi) R > 5.0 kPa (0.73 psi)
Procedure B r > 0.69 kPa (0.10 psi) R > 2.3 kPa (0.33 psi)
(gauge)
Procedure B r> 1.3 kPa (0.19 psi) R > 2.3 kPa (0.33 psi)
(Transducer—
Herzog,
Precision
Scientific)5

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. APPARATUS FOR VAPOR PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE A

A1.1 Vapor Pressure Apparatus—This consists of two

chambers, a vapor chamber (upper section) and a liquid
chamber (lower section), which shall conform to the require-
ments in this annex. (Warning—To maintain the correct
volume ratio between the vapor chamber and the liquid
chamber, the units shall not be interchanged without recalibra-
tion to ascertain that the volume ratio is within the required
limits.)
A1.1.1 Vapor Chamber—The upper section of the vapor
chamber, as shown in Fig. A1.1, shall be a cylindrical vessel
having the inside dimensions of 51 mm 6 3 mm (2 in. 6
1⁄8 in.) in diameter and 254 mm 6 3 mm (10 in. 6 1⁄8 in.) in

length, with the inner surfaces of the ends slightly sloped to

provide complete drainage from either end when held in a
vertical position. On one end of the vapor chamber, a suitable
gauge coupling with an internal diameter of not less than
4.8 mm (3⁄16 in.) shall be provided to receive the 6.35 mm
(1⁄4 in.) gauge connection. In the other end an opening approxi-
mately 12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.) in diameter shall be provided for
coupling with the liquid chamber. The connections to the
DIMENSIONS OF VAPOR PRESSURE APPARATUS
openings shall not prevent the chamber from draining com- Key Description mm in.
pletely.
A Vapor chamber, length 254 ± 3 10 ± 1⁄8
A1.1.2 Liquid Chamber—The lower section or liquid B, C, D Vapor and gasoline cham- 51 ± 3 2 ± 1⁄ 8
chamber, as shown in Fig. A1.1, shall be a cylindrical vessel of bers, Liquid ID
E Coupling, ID min 4.7 ⁄
3 16
the same internal diameter as the vapor chamber and of such a F, G Coupling, OD 12.7 ⁄
12

volume that the ratio of the volume of the vapor chamber to the H Coupling, ID 12.7 ⁄
12

volume of the liquid chamber shall be between 3.8 and 4.2. In I Valve 12.7 1⁄ 2

J Valve 6.35 1⁄ 4
one end of the liquid chamber an opening of approximately
12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.) in diameter shall be provided for coupling FIG. A1.1 Vapor Pressure Apparatus
with the vapor chamber. The inner surface of the coupling end
shall be sloped to provide complete drainage when inverted.
displacement of sample during assembly, the male fitting of the
The other end of the chamber shall be completely closed.
coupling must be on the liquid chamber. To avoid compression
A1.1.3 Method of Coupling Vapor and Liquid Chambers— of air during assembly a vent hole must be present to ensure
Any method of coupling the vapor and liquid chambers can be atmospheric pressure in the vapor chamber at the instant of
employed, provided that no sample is lost from the liquid sealing. (Warning—Some commercially available apparatus
chamber during the coupling operation, that no compression do not make adequate provision for avoiding air compression
effect is caused by the act of coupling, and that the assembly is effects. Before employing any apparatus, it shall be established
free of leaks under the conditions of the tests. To avoid that the act of coupling the two chambers does not compress air

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 D4953 − 20
in the vapor chamber. This can be accomplished by tightly A1.3 Cooling Bath
stoppering the liquid chamber and coupling the apparatus in the A1.3.1 A suitable cooling bath shall be provided of such
normal manner, utilizing a 0 kPa to 35 kPa (0 psi to 5 psi) dimensions that the sample containers and the liquid chambers
gauge. Any observable pressure increase on the gauge is an can be completely immersed. Either a water or air bath is
indication that the apparatus does not adequately meet the acceptable. A means of maintaining the bath at a temperature of
specifications of the test method. If this problem is 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) must be provided.
encountered, consult the manufacturer.)
A1.3.2 Solid carbon dioxide shall not be used to cool
A1.1.4 Volumetric Capacity of Vapor and Liquid samples in storage or in the cooling bath of A1.3.1.
Chambers—To ascertain if the volume ratio of the chambers is
within the specified limits of 3.8 to 4.2, carefully measure a A1.4 Water Bath—The water bath shall be of such dimen-
quantity of water greater than will be required to fill the 2 sions that the vapor pressure apparatus can be immersed to at
chambers. (A dispensing buret is a convenient vessel for this least 25.4 mm (1 in.) above the top of the vapor chamber.
operation.) Without spillage, fill the liquid chamber com- Means for maintaining the bath at a constant temperature of
pletely. The difference between the original volume and the 37.8 °C 6 0.1 °C (100 °F 6 0.2 °F) shall be provided. In order
to check this temperature the bath thermometer shall be
remaining volume is the volume of the liquid chamber. Without
immersed to the 37 °C (98 °F) mark throughout the vapor
spillage, couple the liquid and vapor chambers and fill the
pressure determination.
vapor chamber to the seat of the gauge connection with more
of the measured water. The difference in volumes is the volume A1.5 Thermometer—An ASTM Reid Vapor Pressure ther-
of the vapor chamber. Calculate the volume ratio as follows: mometer 18C (18F) having a range from 34 °C to 42 °C (94 °F
vapor chamber volume to 108 °F) and conforming to the requirements in Specification
5 volume ratio (A1.1) E1 shall be used in the water bath of A1.4.
liquid chamber volume

A1.2 Pressure Gauge—The pressure gauge shall be a Bour- A1.6 Mercury Manometer—A pressure measuring device
don type spring gauge of test gauge quality 100 mm to 150 mm having a range suitable for checking the pressure gauge
(4.5 in. to 5.5 in.) in diameter provided with a nominal employed shall be used. The pressure measuring device shall
6.35 mm (0.25 in.) male thread connection with a passageway have a minimum accuracy of 0.5 kPa (0.07 psi) with no
not less than 4.7 mm (3⁄16 in.) in diameter from the Bourdon increments larger than 0.5 kPa (0.07 psi).
tube to the atmosphere. The gauge range shall be 0 kPa to A1.6.1 When a mercury manometer is not used as the
100 kPa (0 psi to 15 psi) with intermediate graduations at pressure meausuring device, the calibration of the pressure
0.5 kPa (0.1 psi). Only accurate gages shall be continued in measuring device employed shall be periodically checked
use. When the gauge reading differs from the pressure mea- (with traceability to a nationally recognized standard) to ensure
suring device reading by more than 1.0 kPa (0.15 psi), discon- that the device remains within the required accuracy specified
tinue use of the gauge. in A1.6.

A2. APPARATUS FOR VAPOR PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE B

A2.1 Vapor Pressure Apparatus—Refer to A1.1 – A1.1.4. the bath thermometer shall be immersed no higher than the
37 °C (98 °F) mark throughout the vapor pressure determina-
A2.2 Pressure Gauge—The pressure measuring system tion. A suitable bath is shown in Fig. A2.1 and is available
shall be a Bourdon type spring gauge as described in A1.2 or commercially.
a suitable pressure transducer and digital readout. The pressure
measuring system shall be remotely mounted from the vapor A2.5 Thermometers—Refer to A1.5.
pressure apparatus and terminations provided for use of a quick
connection type fitting. A2.6 Pressure Measuring Device—Refer to A1.6.

A2.3 Cooling Bath—Refer to A1.3. A2.7 Flexible Coupler—A suitable flexible coupling shall
be provided for connection of the rotating vapor pressure
A2.4 Water Bath—The water bath shall be of such dimen- apparatus to the pressure measuring device.
sions that the vapor pressure apparatus can be immersed in a
horizontal position. Provision shall be made to rotate the A2.8 Vapor Chamber Tube—The vapor chamber tube of
apparatus on its axis 350° in one direction and then 350° in the inner diameter 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) and length of 114 mm (4.5 in.)
opposite direction in repetitive fashion. Means for maintaining shall be inserted into the pressure measuring end of the vapor
the bath at a constant temperature of 37.8 °C 6 0.1 °C (100 °F chamber to prevent liquid from entering the vapor pressure
6 0.2 °F) shall be provided. In order to check this temperature, measuring connections.

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 D4953 − 20

FIG. A2.1 Apparatus for Vapor Pressure, Procedure B

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D4953 – 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2020.)

(1) Added Test Methods D4177, D4306, D5842, and D5854 to (2) Revised subsections 7.3, 7.4.2, 9.3.2, 9.6, and A2.4.
Section 2. (3) Added Keywords Section 12.

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