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UNIVERSITE DE MAROUA
THE UNIVERSITY OF MAROUA
ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES ET DES INDUSTRIES PETROLIERES

NATIONAL ADVANCED SCHOOL OF MINES AND PETROLIUM INDUSTRIES
DEPARTEMENT DE RAFFINAGE ET PETROCHIMIE

DEPARTMENT OF REFINING AND PETROCHEMISTRY
TRAVAUX DIRIGES DE L’UE LRP612

TECHNOLOGIES DE TRANSFERT DE MATIERE ET APPLICATIONS
Dr NYEMB Jean Noël

Chargé de Cours
Ph.D in Organic Chemistry
Année académique 2023-2024

Exercice 1. Quelle difference faites-vous entre la convection naturelle et la convection forcée?
Exercice 2. Soit un reservoir en Ni contenant du H2 gazeux à 358 K et 300 kPa. Calculer les
flux molaire et massique de l’hydrogène dans le Ni à l’interface. (Indications: =2 ,
S=0,0090 Kmol/m3bar)
Exercice 3. The composition of air is often given in terms of only the two principal species in
the gas mixture; oxygen, O2, yO2 = 0.21; nitrogen, N2, = 0.79. Determine the mass fraction
of both oxygen and nitrogen and the mean molecular weight of the air when it is maintained at
25°C (298 K) and 1 atm (1.013×105 Pa). The molecular weight of oxygen is 0.032 kg/mol and
of nitrogen is 0.028 kg/mol.
Exercice 4. The composition of dry standard atmosphere is given on a molar basis to be 78.1
percent N2, 20.9 percent O2, and 1.0 percent Ar and small amounts of other constituents.
Treating other constituents as Ar, determine the mass fractions of the constituents of air.
Exercice 5. Pressurized hydrogen gas is stored at 358 K in
a 4.8-m-outer-diameter spherical container made of nickel
(Fig. 14–23). The shell of the container is 6 cm thick. The
molar concentration of hydrogen in the nickel at the inner
surface is determined to be 0.087 kmol/m3. The
concentration of hydrogen in the nickel at the outer surface
is negligible. Determine the mass flow rate of hydrogen by
diffusion through the nickel container. The binary diffusion
coefficient for hydrogen in the nickel at the specified
temperature is 1.2 × 10-12 m2/s
Exercice 6. Ecrire le nombre N de molécules de soluté qui passent à travers S pendant
l’intervalle [t, t+ t], en faisant intervenir une constante de proportionnalité notée D. En déduire
une expression pour la densité de flux j(x ,t). Montrer qu’on obtient ainsi la première loi de
Fick:
Exercice 7. Dans un container rectangulaire, on a stocké de l’hydrogène gazeux sous une
pression élevée. Le matériau du container est de l’acier d’épaisseur 10 mm. La concentration
d’hydrogène dans la surface interne est 1 kmol/m3. La concentration d’hydrogène sur la surface
externe est négligeable. Le coefficient de diffusion de H dans l’acier est 0,26 x 10-12 m2/s. Quelle
est le flux molaire de l’hydrogène dans l’acier?
Exercice 8. En supposant un canal cylindrique en régime stationnaire. On peut se poser la
question de savoir quelle va être l’intensité de flux à travers un canal de section S et
longueur L qui relie deux recipients maintenus à deux concentrations différentes et fixées, C1
et C2. Le solvant est considéré comme immobile.
a. Exprimer la densité de flux et le flux en utilisant la première loi de Fick.
b. Donner une valeur estimée, moyenne de la dérivée de la concentration par rapport à x
dans le canal. En déduire une expression pour la densité de flux et le flux.
c. Application numérique: imaginons d’avoir d’un coté un sirop de grenadine bien
concentré, de l’autre de l’eau, et d’avoir une paille entre les deux. Quel est le flux de
sucre à travers la paille ?
Exercice 9. Ammonia is to be absorbed from an air mixture at 293 K and 1.013*105 Pa pressure
in a countercurrent packed tower, using water at 293 K as the absorbent. An inlet gas rate of
1.21*10-2m3/s and an ammonia-free water rate of 9.46*10-3 kg/s will be used. If the ammonia,
NH3, concentration is reduced from 3.52 to 1.29% by volume, determine the ratio of
(LS/GS)actual/(LS/GS)min. Equilibrium data for the system at 293 K and 1.013*105. Pa are as
follows:
Exercice 10. The ammonia–air feed stream described in the previous example is fed cocurrently
with an ammonia–free water stream. The ammonia concentration is to be reduced from 3.52 to
1.29% by volume, using a water stream 1.37 times the minimum. Determine (a) the minimum
Ls/Gs ratio, (b) the actual water rate, and (c) the concentration in the exiting aqueous stream.
Exercice 11. McCabe-Thiele method

A distillation column with a total condenser and a partial reboiler is separating an
ethanol-water mixture. The feed is 20 mol% ethanol, feed rate is 1000 kmol/h, and feed
temperature is 80°F. A distillate composition of 80 mol% ethanol and a bottoms composition
of 2 mol% ethanol are desired. The external reflux ratio is 5/3. The reflux is returned as a
saturated liquid and CMO can be assumed. Find the optimum feed plate location and the total
number of equilibrium stages required. Pressure is 1 atm.
Exercice 12. McCabe-Thiele analysis of open steam heating

The feed is 60 mol% methanol and 40 mol% water and is input as a two-phase mixture
that flashes so that VF/F = 0.3. Feed flow rate is 350 kmol/h. The column is well insulated and
has a total condenser. The reflux is returned to the column as a saturated liquid. An external
reflux ratio of L0/D = 3.0 is used. We desire a distillate concentration of 95 mol% methanol
and a bottoms concentration of 8 mol% methanol. Instead of using a reboiler, saturated steam
at 1 atm is sparged directly into the bottom of the column to provide boil up. (This is called
direct or open steam.) Column pressure is 1 atm. Calculate the number of equilibrium stages
and the optimum feed plate location.
Exercice 13. Identify the mass transfer equipment illustrated below, describe their
functioning and give an example of a process where each of them can be used.
Exercice 14. Answer by true or false
a. The two most important mechanisms of mass transfer are ordinary Radiation and
Convection.
b. One difference between mass and heat transfer is that the much greater variety of physical
and chemical processes that require mass transfer analysis.
c. It is a common observation that whenever there is an imbalance of a commodity in a
medium, nature tends to redistribute it until a “balance” or “equality” is established.
d. Mass can be transferred by random molecular motion in quiescent fluids, or it can be
transferred from a surface into a moving fluid, aided by the dynamic characteristics of the flow.
e. In bubble tower, the gas phase flows up through a large open chamber and the liquid
phase is introduced by spray nozzles or other atomizing devices.
Exercice 15. Give five unit operations along with an example explaining how these mass
transfers are possible.
Exercice 16. On dialyse une solution renfermant 60 mg de NaCl par cm 3 dans l’eau pure à
25°C. On admet que les faces sont en équilibre avec les solutions et la diffusivité du NaCl dans
la membrane est 0.4 fois la diffusivité du NaCl dans l’eau. L’épaisseur de la membrane est 0,3
mm. Quelle est l’allure de dialyse exprimée en kg de NaCl par m 2 et par 24 heures.
Exercice 17. Discuss the major differences between gaseous adsorption and liquid adsorption.
Exercice 18. Provide qualitative differences between gaseous absorption and gaseous stripping.
Exercice 19. Describe the main differences between gaseous adsorption and gaseous
absorption.
Exercice 20. To illustrate the relative ef ciencies of the various contacting modes of operation
discussed during the lecture, let’s consider the following example. Suppose there are two
discrete stages that can mix and separate phases, and that the stages can be connected
cocurrently, countercurrently, or crosscurrently for gas–liquid contacting. Find the contacting
mode that will provide the maximum removal of a single transferring component from a gas
phase, V, if a xed amount of solvent, L, is to be used. Assume the inlet liquid ow, L = 20
units/time, inlet liquid composition = 0.0 of the transferring component, inlet gas ow, V = 20
units/time, inlet gas composition = Y0 of the transferring (solute) component on a fractional
basis, only one component is transferred between the gas and liquid, each stage can be
considered to be an ideal
stage, and equilibrium data in terms of mole ratios on a solute free basis is given by Y = mX,
where X and Y are the mole ratios of the transferring component to the nontransferring
component.
Exercice 21. Consider the following two coffee operations. Classify whether they are (a)
steady- or unsteady-state; (b) batch, semibatch, or continuous; (c) stagewise or continuous-
contact; (d) single- or multistage.
a. Coffee is prepared by allowing a portion of hot/boiling water to ow once through a
bed of ground coffee beans.
b. Coffee is prepared by stirring a sample of ground coffee in a container with
hot/boiling water until the desired concentration in the solution is reached and the solid residue
ltered from the liquid. The operation is repeated three times with fresh coffee beans.

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UNIVERSITE DE MAROUA

THE UNIVERSITY OF MAROUA

ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES ET DES INDUSTRIES PETROLIERES

DEPARTEMENT DE RAFFINAGE ET PETROCHIMIE

TRAVAUX DIRIGES DE L’UE LRP612

Dr NYEMB Jean Noël

Année académique 2023-2024

Exercice 11. McCabe-Thiele method

Exercice 12. McCabe-Thiele analysis of open steam heating

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