SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COIMBATORE – 641 107

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

o 19OE120-Automotive Electronics
2. UNIT I: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS
3. Ohm's Law states that:
a) Voltage = Current × Resistance
b) Current = Voltage × Resistance
c) Resistance = Voltage / Current
d) Voltage = Current / Resistance
o Answer: a) Voltage = Current × Resistance
4. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that:
a) The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving
the junction.
b) The algebraic sum of voltages in a closed loop is zero.
c) The sum of resistances in a series circuit is equal.
d) Power in equals power out.
o Answer: b) The algebraic sum of voltages in a closed loop is zero.
5. In AC circuits, the Peak Value is:
a) The maximum instantaneous value.
b) The average value over one cycle.
c) The effective value.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: a) The maximum instantaneous value.
6. RMS value of an AC voltage is:
a) 0.707 times the peak value.
b) 1.414 times the peak value.
c) Equal to the peak value.
d) Half of the peak value.
o Answer: a) 0.707 times the peak value.
7. Power Factor is the ratio of:
a) Real Power to Apparent Power.
b) Apparent Power to Real Power.
c) Reactive Power to Real Power.
d) Real Power to Reactive Power.
o Answer: a) Real Power to Apparent Power.
8. Moving coil instruments are primarily used for measuring:
a) AC quantities.
b) DC quantities.
c) Both AC and DC quantities.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: b) DC quantities.
9. Moving iron instruments are suitable for:
a) Only DC measurements.
 b) Only AC measurements.
c) Both AC and DC measurements.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: c) Both AC and DC measurements.
10. A Dynamometer type wattmeter can measure:
a) Only DC power.
b) Only AC power.
c) Both AC and DC power.
d) Reactive power only.
o Answer: c) Both AC and DC power.
11. An energy meter is used to measure:
a) Power.
b) Energy.
c) Voltage.
d) Current.
o Answer: b) Energy.
12. In an AC circuit with a power factor of 1, the circuit is:
a) Purely resistive.
b) Purely inductive.
c) Purely capacitive.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: a) Purely resistive.
13. The power in an AC circuit is given by:
a) P=VIP = VIP=VI
b) P=VIcos⁡(ϕ)P = VI \cos(\phi)P=VIcos(ϕ)
c) P=V2/RP = V^2 / RP=V2/R
d) P=I2RP = I^2 RP=I2R
o Answer: b) P=VIcos⁡(ϕ)P = VI \cos(\phi)P=VIcos(ϕ)
14. Which instrument uses a permanent magnet?
a) Moving coil instrument.
b) Moving iron instrument.
c) Dynamometer type wattmeter.
d) Energy meter.
o Answer: a) Moving coil instrument.
15. Which law helps in analyzing the current distribution in parallel circuits?
a) Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).
b) Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL).
c) Ohm's Law.
d) Faraday's Law.
o Answer: b) Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL).
16. The primary function of a voltmeter is to measure:
a) Current.
b) Voltage.
c) Resistance.
d) Power.
o Answer: b) Voltage.
17. Which instrument is used to measure large currents?
a) Voltmeter.
 b) Ammeter.
c) Wattmeter.
d) Energy meter.
o Answer: b) Ammeter.
18. UNIT II: ELECTRICAL MACHINES
19. The principle of operation of a DC generator is based on:
a) Ohm's Law.
b) Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
c) Lenz's Law.
d) Coulomb's Law.
o Answer: b) Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
20. The main function of a commutator in a DC motor is to:
a) Provide mechanical support.
b) Reduce sparking.
c) Convert AC to DC.
d) Convert DC to AC.
o Answer: c) Convert AC to DC.
21. The EMF equation of a DC generator is:
a) E=N×B×LE = N \times B \times LE=N×B×L
b) E=N×B×vE = N \times B \times vE=N×B×v
c) E=P×Φ×Z×N/60AE = P \times \Phi \times Z \times N / 60AE=P×Φ×Z×N/60A
d) E=P×Φ×Z×A/60NE = P \times \Phi \times Z \times A / 60NE=P×Φ×Z×A/60N
o Answer: c) E=P×Φ×Z×N/60AE = P \times \Phi \times Z \times N /
60AE=P×Φ×Z×N/60A
22. Which of the following is not a type of DC motor?
a) Shunt motor.
b) Series motor.
c) Compound motor.
d) Induction motor.
o Answer: d) Induction motor.
23. The main advantage of a single-phase transformer is:
a) It can work on both AC and DC.
b) It has high efficiency.
c) It can convert power at different voltage levels.
d) It has a complex construction.
o Answer: c) It can convert power at different voltage levels.
24. In a three-phase induction motor, the rotor rotates:
a) Faster than the synchronous speed.
b) At the synchronous speed.
c) Slower than the synchronous speed.
d) Not at all.
o Answer: c) Slower than the synchronous speed.
25. The slip of an induction motor is defined as:
a) (Ns - Nr) / Ns
b) (Ns + Nr) / Ns
c) Ns / Nr
d) Nr / Ns
o Answer: a) (Ns - Nr) / Ns
26. The primary winding of a transformer is connected to:
a) Load.
b) Supply.
c) Ground.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: b) Supply.
27. In a DC motor, torque is proportional to:
a) Voltage.
b) Current.
c) Flux.
d) Both current and flux.
o Answer: d) Both current and flux.
28. The efficiency of a transformer is given by:
a) Output power / Input power.
b) Input power / Output power.
c) (Output power + Losses) / Input power.
d) Input power / (Output power + Losses).
o Answer: a) Output power / Input power.
29. Which motor is generally used in elevators?
a) DC shunt motor.
b) DC series motor.
c) Induction motor.
d) Synchronous motor.
o Answer: c) Induction motor.
30. A synchronous motor runs at:
a) Variable speed.
b) Below synchronous speed.
c) Above synchronous speed.
d) Synchronous speed.
o Answer: d) Synchronous speed.
31. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a DC series motor?
a) High starting torque.
b) Speed regulation is poor.
c) Cannot run at low speeds.
d) High efficiency.
o Answer: b) Speed regulation is poor.
32. The function of a transformer is to:
a) Convert AC to DC.
b) Convert DC to AC.
c) Change the voltage level.
d) Change the frequency.
o Answer: c) Change the voltage level.
33. The primary function of a slip ring in an induction motor is to:
a) Supply DC to the rotor.
b) Supply AC to the stator.
c) Collect current from the rotor.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: c) Collect current from the rotor.
34. UNIT III: WIRING, GROUNDING, AND SAFETY
35. The main purpose of grounding is to:
a) Increase the voltage.
b) Provide a path for fault current.
c) Increase resistance.
d) Decrease the current.
o Answer: b) Provide a path for fault current.
36. In conduit wiring, the conduits are made of:
a) Plastic.
b) Copper.
c) Steel.
d) Aluminum.
o Answer: c) Steel.
37. Which type of wiring is most commonly used in residential buildings?
a) Conduit wiring.
b) Cleat wiring.
c) Casing and capping wiring.
d) Batten wiring.
o Answer: a) Conduit wiring.
38. One of the main causes of electrical accidents is:
a) Short circuits.
b) Overloading.
c) Improper grounding.
d) All of the above.
o Answer: d) All of the above.
39. The conduit wiring system is preferred because:
a) It is cheap.
b) It is easy to install.
c) It is safe and durable.
d) It looks better.
o Answer: c) It is safe and durable.
40. In residential wiring, the main distribution board is connected to:
a) Appliances.
b) Main supply.
c) Ground.
d) Lights.
o Answer: b) Main supply.
41. Which type of grounding is used for safety purposes?
a) System grounding.
b) Equipment grounding.
c) Neutral grounding.
d) All of the above.
o Answer: b) Equipment grounding.
42. The primary cause of electrical fires is:
a) Proper insulation.
b) Use of high-quality materials.
c) Short circuits.
d) Correct installation.
 o Answer: c) Short circuits.
43. The purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit is to:
a) Increase the current.
b) Decrease the voltage.
c) Protect the circuit from overcurrent.
d) Provide a path to ground.
o Answer: c) Protect the circuit from overcurrent.
44. Which of the following is a safety device?
a) Resistor.
b) Capacitor.
c) Fuse.
d) Inductor.
o Answer: c) Fuse.
45. The term "hot wire" in electrical wiring refers to:
a) A live wire carrying current.
b) A ground wire.
c) A neutral wire.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: a) A live wire carrying current.
46. Which of the following is not a type of conduit used in wiring?
a) Rigid metal conduit.
b) Flexible metal conduit.
c) Liquid-tight flexible conduit.
d) Plastic conduit.
o Answer: d) Plastic conduit.
47. Accident prevention in electrical installations involves:
a) Proper installation.
b) Regular maintenance.
c) Use of protective devices.
d) All of the above.
o Answer: d) All of the above.
48. In a residential wiring layout, switches are connected:
a) In series with the load.
b) In parallel with the load.
c) In series with the power source.
d) In parallel with the power source.
o Answer: a) In series with the load.
49. The purpose of a circuit breaker is to:
a) Increase the current.
b) Decrease the voltage.
c) Automatically disconnect the circuit during fault conditions.
d) Provide a manual switch for turning off the circuit.
o Answer: c) Automatically disconnect the circuit during fault conditions.
50. UNIT IV: ANALOG ELECTRONICS
51. The main application of a diode is to:
a) Amplify signals.
b) Rectify AC to DC.
c) Generate AC.
 d) Store energy.
o Answer: b) Rectify AC to DC.
52. Zener diodes are primarily used for:
a) Rectification.
b) Voltage regulation.
c) Signal amplification.
d) Switching.
o Answer: b) Voltage regulation.
53. The base-emitter junction of a BJT is:
a) Forward biased.
b) Reverse biased.
c) Not biased.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: a) Forward biased.
54. MOSFETs are preferred over BJTs because:
a) They have lower switching losses.
b) They are easier to manufacture.
c) They have higher gain.
d) They require higher voltage.
o Answer: a) They have lower switching losses.
55. The main function of a rectifier is to:
a) Convert DC to AC.
b) Convert AC to DC.
c) Increase voltage.
d) Decrease voltage.
o Answer: b) Convert AC to DC.
56. The efficiency of a half-wave rectifier is approximately:
a) 40.6%.
b) 81.2%.
c) 50%.
d) 100%.
o Answer: a) 40.6%.
57. In a full-wave rectifier, the output frequency is:
a) Same as the input frequency.
b) Twice the input frequency.
c) Half the input frequency.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: b) Twice the input frequency.
58. A voltage regulator is used to:
a) Increase the voltage.
b) Decrease the voltage.
c) Maintain a constant voltage.
d) Convert AC to DC.
o Answer: c) Maintain a constant voltage.
59. The main advantage of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is:
a) It is cheaper than a generator.
b) It provides instant backup power.
c) It requires no maintenance.
 d) It can be used with any appliance.
o Answer: b) It provides instant backup power.
60. A Zener diode operates in:
a) Forward bias.
b) Reverse bias.
c) Both forward and reverse bias.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: b) Reverse bias.
61. The main characteristic of a BJT is:
a) It is voltage controlled.
b) It is current controlled.
c) It has a high input impedance.
d) It has a low output impedance.
o Answer: b) It is current controlled.
62. Which of the following is a unipolar device?
a) BJT.
b) MOSFET.
c) Diode.
d) SCR.
o Answer: b) MOSFET.
63. In a half-wave rectifier, the ripple factor is:
a) 1.21.
b) 0.48.
c) 0.71.
d) 1.00.
o Answer: a) 1.21.
64. The output of a full-wave rectifier is smoother than a half-wave rectifier because:
a) It uses two diodes.
b) It has a higher output voltage.
c) It rectifies both halves of the AC cycle.
d) It operates at a higher frequency.
o Answer: c) It rectifies both halves of the AC cycle.
65. UPS systems are typically used for:
a) Voltage regulation.
b) Power conditioning.
c) Backup power supply.
d) Signal amplification.
o Answer: c) Backup power supply.
66. UNIT V: LINEAR AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
67. An ideal operational amplifier has:
a) Infinite input impedance.
b) Zero output impedance.
c) Infinite gain.
d) All of the above.
o Answer: d) All of the above.
68. In an inverting amplifier, the output is:
a) In phase with the input.
b) Out of phase with the input.
 c) Zero.
d) None of the above.
o Answer: b) Out of phase with the input.
69. A summing amplifier is used to:
a) Multiply signals.
b) Subtract signals.
c) Add signals.
d) Divide signals.
o Answer: c) Add signals.
70. A clipper circuit is used to:
a) Amplify signals.
b) Cut off part of the signal.
c) Integrate signals.
d) Differentiate signals.
o Answer: b) Cut off part of the signal.
71. Boolean algebra is used in:
a) Analog circuits.
b) Digital circuits.
c) Power circuits.
d) Communication circuits.
o Answer: b) Digital circuits.
72. A logic gate that gives a HIGH output only when all inputs are HIGH is:
a) AND gate.
b) OR gate.
c) NOT gate.
d) XOR gate.
o Answer: a) AND gate.
73. The binary number 1010 is equivalent to the decimal number:
a) 10.
b) 5.
c) 8.
d) 12.
o Answer: a) 10.
74. A flip-flop is used to:
a) Perform arithmetic operations.
b) Store data.
c) Generate clock signals.
d) Amplify signals.
o Answer: b) Store data.
75. In an A/D converter, the process of converting an analog signal to a digital signal involves:
a) Sampling.
b) Quantization.
c) Encoding.
d) All of the above.
o Answer: d) All of the above.
76. The main function of a D/A converter is to:
a) Convert digital signals to analog signals.
b) Convert analog signals to digital signals.
 c) Amplify signals.
d) Store signals.
o Answer: a) Convert digital signals to analog signals.
77. A full adder is used to:
a) Add two binary digits.
b) Add three binary digits.
c) Subtract two binary digits.
d) Subtract three binary digits.
o Answer: b) Add three binary digits.
78. The output of an inverting amplifier is:
a) Positive.
b) Negative.
c) Zero.
d) Unchanged.
o Answer: b) Negative.
79. A clamper circuit is used to:
a) Limit the signal amplitude.
b) Shift the DC level of the signal.
c) Amplify the signal.
d) Integrate the signal.
o Answer: b) Shift the DC level of the signal.
80. The output of a half adder consists of:
a) Sum and Carry.
b) Difference and Borrow.
c) Product and Quotient.
d) Sum and Difference.
o Answer: a) Sum and Carry.
81. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal OP-AMP?
a) Infinite bandwidth.
b) Zero offset voltage.
c) Infinite output impedance.
d) Infinite common-mode rejection ratio.
o Answer: c) Infinite output impedance.
UNIT I: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS
Puzzle 1: Ohm's Law Maze
Objective: Find the path that gives the correct current according to Ohm's Law (V = IR).
Maze Path:
 Start -> (R1 = 2Ω, V1 = 4V) -> (R2 = 3Ω, V2 = 6V) -> End
 Start -> (R3 = 1Ω, V3 = 2V) -> (R4 = 4Ω, V4 = 8V) -> End
Desired Current: 2A
Solution Path:
 Path 1: Total Resistance = 5Ω, Total Voltage = 10V, Current = V/R = 10V/5Ω = 2A
 Path 2: Total Resistance = 5Ω, Total Voltage = 10V, Current = V/R = 10V/5Ω = 2A
Puzzle 2: Kirchoff’s Laws Crosswords
Clues and Answers:
 Across:
1. The sum of all voltages around a closed (LOOP)
2. The point where currents meet in a circuit (JUNCTION)
 Down: 2. A property of a circuit that opposes current flow (RESISTANCE) 4. The law that
states the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving (CURRENT)
Crossword Grid:
1LOOP
2R
3JUNCTION
4CURRENT
Puzzle 3: AC Circuit Word Search
Words to Find:
 Peak
 RMS
 Frequency
 Impedance
 Reactance
Word Search Grid:
PEAKRMSX
REACTANCE
FREQUENCY
IMPEDANCE
Puzzle 4: Instrument Match-Up
Objective: Match the instruments to their descriptions.
Instruments and Descriptions:
 Moving Coil Ammeter (A) - Measures DC current using a coil in a magnetic field.
 Moving Iron Voltmeter (B) - Measures AC voltage using a piece of iron in a magnetic field.
 Dynamometer Type Wattmeter (C) - Measures electrical power in a circuit.
 Energy Meter (D) - Measures electrical energy consumption over time.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Measures DC current
 B -> Measures AC voltage
 C -> Measures electrical power
 D -> Measures electrical energy
Puzzle 5: Power Factor Calculation
Objective: Calculate the power factor given the real power (P) and apparent power (S).
Problem:
 Real Power (P) = 500W
 Apparent Power (S) = 600VA
Calculation:
 Power Factor = P/S = 500W / 600VA = 0.833
UNIT II: ELECTRICAL MACHINES
Puzzle 1: DC Generator Parts Jumble
Objective: Unscramble the jumbled letters to name the parts of a DC generator.
Jumble:
 ROTARMUCE (ARMATURE)
 TBAORMOCR (COMMUTATOR)
 BRSUEHS (BRUSHES)
 FLDEI WIWNDIG (FIELD WINDING)
Puzzle 2: DC Motor Crossword
Clues and Answers:
 Across:
1. Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy (MOTOR)
 Down: 2. Provides the magnetic field in a motor (FIELD)
Crossword Grid:
1MOTOR
2FIELD
Puzzle 3: Transformer Calculation
Objective: Calculate the output voltage of a transformer.
Problem:
 Primary Voltage = 220V
 Turns Ratio = 1:10
Calculation:
 Output Voltage = Primary Voltage * Turns Ratio = 220V * 10 = 2200V
Puzzle 4: Induction Motor Match-Up
Objective: Match the parts to their functions.
Parts and Functions:
 Stator (A) - Generates a rotating magnetic field.
 Rotor (B) - Rotates due to the magnetic field from the stator.
 Bearings (C) - Support the rotating shaft.
 Fan (D) - Cools the motor.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Generates a rotating magnetic field
 B -> Rotates due to the magnetic field
 C -> Supports the rotating shaft
 D -> Cools the motor
Puzzle 5: DC Motor Reversal
Objective: Determine how to reverse the direction of a DC motor.
Question:
 What should be changed to reverse the direction of rotation of a DC motor?
Answer:
 Reverse the polarity of the armature voltage or the field winding.
UNIT III: WIRING, GROUNDING, AND SAFETY
Puzzle 1: Wiring Maze
Objective: Navigate through a maze to create a wiring layout for a residential building.
Description:
 Design a maze with multiple paths representing different wiring routes.
 Choose the path that connects all rooms to the main distribution board correctly.
Example Path:
 Start -> Living Room -> Kitchen -> Bedroom -> End
Puzzle 2: Grounding Crossword
Clues and Answers:
 Across:
1. Provides a path for fault current (GROUNDING)
2. Type of wiring system used in homes (CONDUIT)
 Down: 2. Used to protect circuits from overcurrent (FUSE) 4. Measures electrical energy
consumption (ENERGY METER)
Crossword Grid:
1GROUNDING
2F
3CONDUIT
4ENERGYMETER
Puzzle 3: Safety Word Search
Words to Find:
 Short Circuit
 Overload
 Grounding
 Fuse
 Breaker
Word Search Grid:
mathematica
Copy code
SHORTCIRCUIT
OVERLOADXFUSE
GROUNDINGBREAKER
Puzzle 4: Accident Prevention Match-Up
Objective: Match the causes of accidents to the prevention methods.
Causes and Prevention Methods:
 Short Circuit (A) - Proper insulation and maintenance.
 Overloading (B) - Use appropriate fuse or circuit breaker.
 Improper Grounding (C) - Ensure proper grounding techniques.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Proper insulation and maintenance
 B -> Use appropriate fuse or circuit breaker
 C -> Ensure proper grounding techniques
Puzzle 5: Grounding Type Identification
Objective: Identify the type of grounding used.
Description:
 System Grounding
 Equipment Grounding
 Neutral Grounding
Question:
  Which type of grounding is used to provide a return path for current in case of a fault?
Answer:
 Equipment Grounding
UNIT IV: ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Puzzle 1: Diode Circuit Maze
Objective: Navigate through a maze to find the correct diode circuit configuration.
Description:
 Create a maze with paths representing different diode configurations.
 Choose the path that forms a half-wave rectifier circuit.
Example Path:
 Start -> Diode -> Resistor -> Ground -> End
Puzzle 2: Transistor Crossword
Clues and Answers:
 Across:
1. Current controlled device (BJT)
2. Voltage controlled device (MOSFET)
 Down: 2. Type of diode used for voltage regulation (ZENER) 4. Converts AC to DC (RECTIFIER)
Crossword Grid:
1BJT
2ZENER
3MOSFET
4RECTIFIER
Puzzle 3: Rectifier Calculation
Objective: Calculate the output voltage of a full-wave rectifier.
Problem:
 Input Voltage (Peak) = 10V
Calculation:
 Output Voltage (RMS) = 10V * 0.707 = 7.07V
Puzzle 4: Voltage Regulator Match-Up
Objective: Match the voltage regulator types to their functions.
Types and Functions:
 Linear Regulator (A) - Provides a stable output voltage with minimal noise.
 Switching Regulator (B) - Efficiently converts different voltage levels.
 Zener Diode (C) - Maintains a constant voltage across its terminals.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Provides a stable output voltage
 B -> Efficiently converts different voltage levels
 C -> Maintains a constant voltage
Puzzle 5: UPS Components Identification
Objective: Identify the components of a UPS.
Components:
 Battery (A) - Stores energy.
 Inverter (B) - Converts DC to AC.
 Charger (C) - Recharges the battery.
 Transfer Switch (D) - Switches between mains power and battery power.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Stores energy
 B -> Converts DC to AC
  C -> Recharges the battery
 D -> Switches between mains power and battery power
UNIT V: LINEAR AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Puzzle 1: OP-AMP Maze
Objective: Navigate through a maze to find the correct OP-AMP configuration.
Description:
 Create a maze with paths representing different OP-AMP configurations.
 Choose the path that forms an inverting amplifier circuit.
Example Path:
 Start -> Inverting Input -> Resistor -> Output -> End
Puzzle 2: Logic Gates Crossword
Clues and Answers:
 Across:
1. Gate that outputs true only when both inputs are true (AND)
2. Gate that inverts the input (NOT)
 Down: 2. Gate that outputs true when at least one input is true (OR) 4. Gate that outputs
true only when inputs are different (XOR)
Crossword Grid:
1AND
2OR
3NOT
4XOR
Puzzle 3: Adder Calculation
Objective: Calculate the sum and carry of a half adder.
Problem:
 Input A = 1
 Input B = 1
Calculation:
 Sum = 0
 Carry = 1
Puzzle 4: Flip-Flop Match-Up
Objective: Match the flip-flop types to their characteristics.
Types and Characteristics:
 SR Flip-Flop (A) - Set and Reset inputs.
 JK Flip-Flop (B) - Toggle feature with J and K inputs.
 D Flip-Flop (C) - Data input with a single clock pulse.
 T Flip-Flop (D) - Toggles the output on each clock pulse.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Set and Reset inputs
 B -> Toggle feature
 C -> Data input with clock
 D -> Toggles output
Puzzle 5: A/D Conversion Identification
Objective: Identify the steps in A/D conversion.
Steps:
 Sampling (A) - Taking discrete samples of the analog signal.
 Quantization (B) - Converting sampled values into discrete levels.
 Encoding (C) - Representing quantized values in binary form.
Matching Answers:
 A -> Taking discrete samples
 B -> Converting sampled values
 C -> Representing in binary form