Lecture 2 FA Compact
Lecture 2 FA Compact
Lecture 2 FA Compact
2
Conversely, let Y be a Banach space. Let F(U) be totally
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bounded subset of Y. To show that F (U ) is compact
i.e. F is a compact map.
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Since, Y is a Banach space, so we have F (U ) is
complete.
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Hence, by a known result F (U ) is totally bounded.
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Thus, we have F (U ) is compact by a known result
Therefore, F is a compact map.
3
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Since, R(F) is closed, so F (U ) R(F). Since R(F) is of
finite dimensional, so we have F(U) is compact by a
known result.
Conversely, let X and Y be Banach spaces. Let F be a
compact map such that, R(F) is closed in Y.
Hence, R(F) is compact. Also we have by hypothesis F
is surjective (on to map). [We confine to F: X→R(F)
Y].
Since, R(F) is compact, so it is bounded. Hence F is a
bounded map and so is continuous, by a known result.
By open mapping theorem, F(U) is open in R(F).
Hence, there exists >0 such that
E ={y R(F) : ||y|| <} F(U)
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E ={yR(F) : ||y||≤} F (U ) = R(F). . . .. . (1)
Since, R(F) is closed, by hypothesis F is compact, so
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F (U ) is compact.
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By (1) and the compactness of F (U ) , it follows that E
is compact.
Thus by a known result F is of finite rank.
4
Theorem. Let kK and F, G CL(X,Y), Then kF and
F+G belong to CL(X,Y).
Let F ( xn j ) be the convergent subsequence of (F(xn))
in Y.
Since, kK is a fixed scalar, so we have kF( xn j )
converges in Y. This implies (kF)( xn j ) converges in
Y. Thus we have (xn) a bounded sequence in X, the
sequence (kF )( xn ) has a convergent subsequence,
(kF)(x ) in Y. Thus by a known result kF is a
nj
5
G(x ) has a convergent subsequence in Y. Let
nj
subsequences are convergent. Thus, F ( z nk ) is
convergent in Y.
Then we have
( F G)(z ) = F ( z ) + G( z )
nk nk nk