Full download test bank at ebook textbookfull.

com

Designing and Conducting Mixed

Methods Research 3rd Edition John

CLICK LINK TO DOWLOAD

https://textbookfull.com/product/designing-
and-conducting-mixed-methods-research-3rd-
edition-john-w-creswell/

textbookfull
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Educational research planning conducting and evaluating

quantitative and qualitative research fourth edition
Creswell

https://textbookfull.com/product/educational-research-planning-
conducting-and-evaluating-quantitative-and-qualitative-research-
fourth-edition-creswell/

An Applied Guide to Research Designs: Quantitative,

Qualitative, and Mixed Methods W. Alex Edmonds

https://textbookfull.com/product/an-applied-guide-to-research-
designs-quantitative-qualitative-and-mixed-methods-w-alex-
edmonds/

Designing, Conducting, and Publishing Quality Research

in Mathematics Education Keith R. Leatham

https://textbookfull.com/product/designing-conducting-and-
publishing-quality-research-in-mathematics-education-keith-r-
leatham/

Social Research Methods Qualitative Quantitative and

Mixed Methods Approaches 1st Edition Sigmund Grønmo

https://textbookfull.com/product/social-research-methods-
qualitative-quantitative-and-mixed-methods-approaches-1st-
edition-sigmund-gronmo/
Conducting Research in Psychology Measuring the Weight
of Smoke 5th Edition Brett W. Pelham

https://textbookfull.com/product/conducting-research-in-
psychology-measuring-the-weight-of-smoke-5th-edition-brett-w-
pelham/

Research in Education 10th Edition John W. Best

https://textbookfull.com/product/research-in-education-10th-
edition-john-w-best/

Mixed Methods and Cross Disciplinary Research Towards

Cultivating Eco systemic Living Janet Mcintyre-Mills

https://textbookfull.com/product/mixed-methods-and-cross-
disciplinary-research-towards-cultivating-eco-systemic-living-
janet-mcintyre-mills/

Authoritarian Nightmare Trump and His Followers 3rd

Edition John W. Dean

https://textbookfull.com/product/authoritarian-nightmare-trump-
and-his-followers-3rd-edition-john-w-dean/

Handbook of Personality Disorders Theory Research and

Treatment W. John Livesley

https://textbookfull.com/product/handbook-of-personality-
disorders-theory-research-and-treatment-w-john-livesley/
Praise for the Third Edition

“This updated edition provides thoughtful consideration to how the

field of mixed methods research has changed, including how the
authors’ own definitions and typologies have refined. It also provides
a discussion of a diverse array of empirical studies from prominent
and emerging mixed methods scholars, highlighting the strength and
potential of this field for social and behavioral sciences.”—Peggy
Shannon-Baker, Bryn Mawr College

“The authors compellingly described the evolution or adjustment of

their thinking about mixed methods design. They achieved their goal
of advancing the typology of mixed methods core designs in both a
parsimonious and pragmatic manner. Teaching and learning about
mixed methods designs will be enhanced by the extraordinary work
of these authors!”—Susan Sweat Gunby, Mercer University

“This is a powerful volume that assists doctoral students facing the

writing of a dissertation and other professionals in the field of
research. I would not undertake a major evaluation without first
reviewing the steps laid out so clearly in this book.”—Joseph Drew,
Morgan State University

“This is one of the most complete and comprehensive textbooks

available on mixed methods research. A must-have for novice to
expert researchers.”—Regardt J Ferreira, Tulane University

“Creswell and Plano Clark do excellent work in showing the evolution

of mixed methods research. One of the highlights of this edition is
the addition of scaffolds that guide writing sections of a mixed
methods study.”—Senay Purzer, Purdue University
Designing and Conducting Mixed
Methods Research
Third Edition
This book is dedicated to all of my students and audience members who
have participated in my classes and in my workshops on mixed methods.
Thanks for your advice.

—John

This book is dedicated to Mark for all of his support, encouragement,

friendship, and love. I thank him to the moon and back.

—Vicki
Designing and Conducting Mixed
Methods Research
Third Edition

John W. Creswell
Department of Family Medicine,
University of Michigan
Vicki L. Plano Clark
School of Education, University of
Cincinnati
FOR INFORMATION:

SAGE Publications, Inc.

2455 Teller Road

Thousand Oaks, California 91320

E-mail: [email protected]

SAGE Publications Ltd.

1 Oliver’s Yard

55 City Road

London EC1Y 1SP

United Kingdom

SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.

B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area

Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044

India

SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.

3 Church Street

#10-04 Samsung Hub

Singapore 049483

Copyright © 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in

any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Creswell, John W., author. | Plano Clark, Vicki L., author.

Title: Designing and conducting mixed methods research / John W. Creswell, Department of Family
Medicine, University of Michigan, Vicki L. Plano Clark, School of Education, University of Cincinnati.

Description: Third Edition. | Los Angeles : SAGE, [2017] | Revised edition of the authors’ Designing
and conducting mixed methods research, c2011. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017037536 | ISBN 9781483344379 (Paperback : acid-free paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Social sciences—Research—Methodology. | Research—Evaluation.

Classification: LCC H62 .C6962 2017 | DDC 001.4/2—dc23 LC record available at

https://lccn.loc.gov/2017037536

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Acquisitions Editor: Helen Salmon

Editorial Assistant: Chelsea Neve

Development Editor: John Scappini

Production Editor: Kelly DeRosa

Copy Editor: Shannon Kelly

Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.

Proofreader: Susan Schon

Indexer: Molly Hall

Cover Designer: Michael Dubowe

Marketing Manager: Shari Countryman
Brief Contents

1. List of Figures
2. List of Tables
3. Preface
4. About the Authors
5. Chapter 1 • The Nature of Mixed Methods Research
6. Chapter 2 • The Foundations of Mixed Methods Research
7. Chapter 3 • Core Mixed Methods Designs
8. Chapter 4 • Complex Applications of Core Mixed Methods Designs
9. Chapter 5 • Introducing a Mixed Methods Study
10. Chapter 6 • Collecting Data in Mixed Methods Research
11. Chapter 7 • Analyzing and Interpreting Data in Mixed Methods
Research
12. Chapter 8 • Writing and Evaluating Mixed Methods Research
13. Chapter 9 • Advances in Mixed Methods Research
14. Appendix A: Unwritten Rules of Talking to Doctors About Depression:
Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
15. Appendix B: Students’ Persistence in a Distributed Doctoral Program
in Educational Leadership in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods
Study
16. Appendix C: The Development of Client Violence Questionnaire (CVQ)
17. Appendix D: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Robotic Gait Training
and Gait-Focused Physical Therapy Programs for Children and Youth
With Cerebral Palsy: A Mixed Methods RCT
18. Appendix E: Reconciling Data From Different Sources: Practical
Realities of Using Mixed Methods to Identify Effective High School
Practices
19. Appendix F: Understanding Transitions in Care From Hospital to
Homeless Shelter: A Mixed-Methods, Community-Based Participatory
Approach
20. Appendix G: Mixed Methods in Intervention Research: Theory to
Adaptation
21. Glossary
22. References
23. Index
Detailed Contents

1. List of Figures
2. List of Tables
3. Preface
1. Purpose of the Book
2. Audience for the Book
3. Book Features
4. New Features Added to the Third Edition
5. Acknowledgments
4. About the Authors
5. Chapter 1 • The Nature of Mixed Methods Research
1. Defining Mixed Methods Research
2. Examples of Mixed Methods Studies
3. What Research Problems Require Mixed Methods?
1. A Need Exists to Obtain More Complete and Corroborated
Results
2. A Need Exists to Explain Initial Results
3. A Need Exists to First Explore Before Administering
Instruments
4. A Need Exists to Enhance an Experimental Study With a
Qualitative Method
5. A Need Exists to Describe and Compare Different Types of
Cases
6. A Need Exists to Involve Participants in the Study
7. A Need Exists to Develop, Implement, and Evaluate a
Program
4. What Are the Advantages of Using Mixed Methods?
5. What Are the Challenges in Using Mixed Methods?
1. The Question of Researcher Skills
2. The Question of Time and Resources
3. The Question of Educating Others About the Value of Mixed
Methods
6. Summary
7. Activities
8. Additional Resources to Examine
6. Chapter 2 • The Foundations of Mixed Methods Research
1. Historical Foundations
1. When Mixed Methods Began
2. Why Mixed Methods Emerged
3. The Development of the Name
4. Stages in the Evolution of Mixed Methods
1. Formative period
2. Paradigm debate period
3. Early procedural development period
4. Expanded procedural development period
5. Reflection and refinement period
2. Philosophical Foundations
1. Philosophy and Worldviews
2. Worldviews Applied to Mixed Methods
1. One “best” worldview for mixed methods
2. Dialectical perspective for using multiple worldviews in
mixed methods
3. Worldviews relate to the study context and type of
mixed methods design
4. Worldviews depend on the scholarly community
3. Theoretical Foundations
4. Summary
5. Activities
6. Additional Resources to Examine
7. Chapter 3 • Core Mixed Methods Designs
1. Key Concepts That Inform Mixed Methods Designs
1. Fixed and Emergent Designs
2. Typology and Interactive Approaches to Design
3. The Evolution of Our Typology
4. A Notation System for Drawing Diagrams of Designs
5. Elements for Drawing Diagrams of Designs
2. The Three Core Mixed Methods Designs
1. General Diagrams of the Three Core Designs
2. The Convergent Design
1. Intent of the convergent design
2. Choice of the convergent design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the
convergent design
 4. The convergent design procedures
5. Integration in the convergent design
6. Strengths of the convergent design
7. Challenges in using the convergent design
8. Convergent design variants
9. Example of the convergent design
3. The Explanatory Sequential Design
1. Intent of the explanatory sequential design
2. Choice of the explanatory sequential design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in an
explanatory sequential design
4. The explanatory sequential design procedures
5. Integration in the explanatory sequential design
6. Strengths of the explanatory sequential design
7. Challenges in using the explanatory sequential design
8. Explanatory sequential design variants
9. Example of the explanatory sequential design
4. The Exploratory Sequential Design
1. Intent of the exploratory sequential design
2. Choice of the exploratory sequential design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the
exploratory sequential design
4. The exploratory sequential design procedures
5. Integration in the exploratory sequential design
6. Strengths of the exploratory sequential design
7. Challenges in using the exploratory sequential design
8. Exploratory sequential design variants
9. Example of the exploratory sequential design
3. Additional Considerations in Choosing a Core Design
1. Intent of the Design
2. Familiarity of the Designs Used Within the Field
3. Expertise of the Researcher
4. Amount of Time to Conduct the Study
5. Complexity of the Design
4. Describing a Design in a Written Report
5. Summary
6. Activities
7. Additional Resources to Examine
8. Chapter 4 • Complex Applications of Core Mixed Methods Designs
1. Intersecting Core Mixed Methods Designs With Other Research
Approaches or Frameworks
2. Four Prominent Types of Complex Mixed Methods Designs
1. Mixed Methods Experimental (or Intervention) Designs
1. The intent of the mixed methods experimental design
2. Choice of the mixed methods experimental design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the mixed
methods experimental design
4. The mixed methods experimental design procedures
5. Integration in the mixed methods experimental design
6. Strengths of the mixed methods experimental design
7. Challenges in using the mixed methods experimental
design
8. Mixed methods experimental design variants
9. Example of a mixed methods experimental design
2. Mixed Methods Case Study Designs
1. Intent of the mixed methods case study design
2. Choice of the mixed methods case study design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the mixed
methods case study design
4. The mixed methods case study design procedures
5. Integration in the mixed methods case study design
6. Strengths of the mixed methods case study design
7. Challenges in using the mixed methods case study
design
8. Mixed methods case study design variants
9. Example of a mixed methods case study design
3. Mixed Methods Participatory-Social Justice Designs
1. The intent of the mixed methods participatory-social
justice design
2. Choice of the mixed methods participatory-social justice
design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the mixed
methods participatory-social justice design
4. The mixed methods participatory-social justice design
procedures
 5. Integration in the mixed methods participatory-social
justice design
6. Strengths of the mixed methods participatory-social
justice design
7. Challenges in using the mixed methods participatory-
social justice design
8. Mixed methods participatory-social justice design
variants
9. Example of a mixed methods participatory-social justice
design
4. Mixed Methods Evaluation Designs
1. The intent of the mixed methods evaluation design
2. Choice of the mixed methods evaluation design
3. Philosophical assumptions and theory use in the mixed
methods evaluation design
4. The mixed methods evaluation design procedures
5. Integration in the mixed methods evaluation design
6. Strengths of the mixed methods evaluation design
7. Challenges in using the mixed methods evaluation
design
8. Mixed methods evaluation design variants
9. Example of a mixed methods evaluation study
3. Drawing Diagrams of Complex Applications
4. Summary
5. Activities
6. Additional Resources to Examine
9. Chapter 5 • Introducing a Mixed Methods Study
1. Writing a Mixed Methods Title
1. Qualitative and Quantitative Titles
2. Mixed Methods Titles
2. Stating the Research Problem in the Introduction
1. Topics in a Statement of the Problem Section
2. Integrate Mixed Methods Into the Statement of the Problem
3. Developing the Purpose Statement
1. Qualitative and Quantitative Purpose Statements
2. Mixed Methods Purpose Statements
4. Writing Research Questions and Hypotheses
 1. Qualitative Questions and Quantitative Questions and
Hypotheses
2. Mixed Methods Research Questions
5. Summary
6. Activities
7. Additional Resources to Examine
10. Chapter 6 • Collecting Data in Mixed Methods Research
1. Procedures in Collecting Qualitative and Quantitative Data
1. Use Sampling Procedures
2. Obtain Permissions and Recruit Participants
3. Identify Data Sources
4. Record the Data
5. Administer the Procedures
2. General Considerations for Data Collection in Mixed Methods
3. Data Collection Within the Mixed Methods Designs
1. Convergent Design Data Collection
1. Decide whether the two samples will include different or
the same individuals
2. Decide whether the size of the two samples will be the
same or different
3. Decide to design parallel data collection questions
4. Decide whether the data will be collected from two
independent sources or a single source and decide the
order of data collection
2. Explanatory Sequential Design Data Collection
1. Decide whether to use the same or different individuals
in both samples
2. Decide on the sizes for the two samples
3. Decide what quantitative results need to be explained
4. Decide how to select the best participants for the
qualitative follow-up phase
5. Decide how to describe the emerging follow-up phase
for institutional review board approval
3. Exploratory Sequential Design Data Collection
1. Decide the samples and the sample sizes for the
qualitative and quantitative phases
2. Decide how to describe the emerging follow-up phase
for institutional review board approval
 3. Decide what aspects of the initial qualitative results to
use to inform the second-phase quantitative strand
4. Decide what steps to take in developing a good
quantitative instrument
5. If developing an instrument, decide how to convey the
design of it in a procedural diagram
4. Mixed Methods Experimental Design Data Collection
1. Decide on the reason and timing for collecting
qualitative data within the experimental design
2. Decide how to minimize the possibility of the qualitative
data introducing bias into the experiment
3. Decide what type of qualitative data will best augment
the experiment
5. Mixed Methods Case Study Design Data Collection
1. Decide on the criteria to use to define the case(s) for
the study
2. Decide on the core design to provide evidence for the
case(s)
3. Decide on the criteria for distinguishing cross-case
comparisons
6. Mixed Methods Participatory-Social Justice Design Data
Collection
1. Decide how best to refer to and interact with
participants
2. Decide what sampling strategies will promote
inclusiveness
3. Decide how to actively involve participants in the data
collection process
4. Decide to use data collection instruments that are
sensitive to the cultural context of the group being
studied
5. Decide how the data collection process and outcomes
will benefit, not marginalize, the community being
studied
7. Mixed Methods Evaluation Design Data Collection
1. Decide to use multiple sampling strategies that fit
different phases of the evaluation
2. Decide how to sample and collect data for each phase
 3. Decide how to handle measurement and attrition issues
4. Decide on the programmatic thrust to provide the
framework for the evaluation project
4. Summary
5. Activities
6. Additional Resources to Examine
11. Chapter 7 • Analyzing and Interpreting Data in Mixed Methods
Research
1. Procedures in Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis and
Interpretation
1. Prepare the Data for Analysis
2. Explore the Data
3. Analyze the Data
4. Represent the Data Analysis
5. Interpret the Results
6. Validate the Data and Results
2. Mixed Methods Data Analysis and Interpretation
1. The Evolution of Integrative Thinking
2. Viewing Integration From a Design-Based Perspective
3. Integrated Data Analysis and Interpretation Within the Mixed
Methods Designs
1. Convergent Design Data Analysis and Interpretation
1. Intent of integration
2. Primary data analysis integration procedures
3. Data transformation integration procedures
4. Representation of merging integration results in a
narrative discussion
5. Representation of merging integration results through
joint displays
6. Interpretation of integration results
2. Explanatory Sequential Design Data Analysis and
Interpretation
1. Intent of integration
2. Primary data analysis integration procedures
3. Representation of sequential integration through joint
displays
4. Interpretation of integration results
 3. Exploratory Sequential Design Data Analysis and
Interpretation
1. Intent of integration
2. Primary data analysis integration procedures
3. Representation of sequential integration through joint
displays
4. Interpretation of integration results
4. Integrated Data Analysis and Interpretation Within Complex
Designs
1. Mixed methods experimental design
2. Mixed methods case study design
3. Mixed methods participatory-social justice design
4. The mixed methods evaluation design
4. Validity and Mixed Methods Designs
1. General Principles
2. Validity Threats and Types of Mixed Methods Designs
5. Software Applications and Mixed Methods Data Analysis
6. Summary
7. Activities
8. Additional Resources to Examine
12. Chapter 8 • Writing and Evaluating Mixed Methods Research
1. General Guidelines for Writing
2. Relate the Mixed Methods Structure to the Type of Writing
1. Structure of a Proposal for a Mixed Methods Dissertation or
Thesis
2. Structure of a Mixed Methods Dissertation or Thesis
3. Structure for an Application for Funding to the National
Institutes of Health
4. Structure of a Mixed Methods Journal Article
3. Evaluating a Mixed Methods Study
1. Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation Criteria
2. Mixed Methods Evaluation Criteria
4. Summary
5. Activities
6. Additional Resources to Examine
13. Chapter 9 • Advances in Mixed Methods Research
1. Advances in Mining Data
 2. Advances in the Insight Gained Through the Value of Mixed
Methods Research
3. Advances in Mixed Methods Designs
4. Advances in Representations of Design Procedures
5. Advances in Integration
6. Advances in Creating Mixed Methods Questions and Study Aims
7. Advances in Representing Integration Through Joint Displays
8. Advances in Mixed Methods Validity
9. Advances in Understanding Skills Required for Mixed Methods
10. Advances in Publishing Mixed Methods Manuscripts
11. Summary
12. Activities
13. Additional Resources to Examine
14. Appendix A: Unwritten Rules of Talking to Doctors About Depression:
Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
15. Appendix B: Students’ Persistence in a Distributed Doctoral Program
in Educational Leadership in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods
Study
16. Appendix C: The Development of Client Violence Questionnaire (CVQ)
17. Appendix D: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Robotic Gait Training
and Gait-Focused Physical Therapy Programs for Children and Youth
With Cerebral Palsy: A Mixed Methods RCT
18. Appendix E: Reconciling Data From Different Sources: Practical
Realities of Using Mixed Methods to Identify Effective High School
Practices
19. Appendix F: Understanding Transitions in Care From Hospital to
Homeless Shelter: A Mixed-Methods, Community-Based Participatory
Approach
20. Appendix G: Mixed Methods in Intervention Research: Theory to
Adaptation
21. Glossary
22. References
23. Index
List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Four Levels for Developing a Research Study 35

Figure 3.1 Maxwell’s (2012) Interactive Model of Research Design
58
Figure 3.2 Ten Guidelines for Drawing Procedural Diagrams for
Mixed Methods Studies 64
Figure 3.3 General Diagrams of the Three Core Designs 66
Figure 3.4 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing a
Convergent Mixed Methods Design 70
Figure 3.5 Diagram for a Study That Used the Convergent Design 76
Figure 3.6 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing an
Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design 79
Figure 3.7 Diagram for a Study That Used the Explanatory
Sequential Design 85
Figure 3.8 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing an
Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design 88
Figure 3.9 Diagram for a Study That Used the Exploratory
Sequential Design 94
Figure 3.10 A Sample Paragraph for Writing a Mixed Methods
Design Into a Report 97
Figure 4.1 Four Examples of Types of Complex Mixed Methods
Designs 105
Figure 4.2 Adding Qualitative Data Into an Experiment to Form a
Mixed Methods Experimental Design 109
Figure 4.3 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing a
Mixed Methods Experimental Design 111
Figure 4.4 Diagram of a Mixed Methods Experimental Study 115
Figure 4.5 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing a
Mixed Methods Case Study Design With a Convergent Approach 119
Figure 4.6 Diagram of a Comparative Mixed Methods Case Study
122
Figure 4.7 Flowchart of the Basic Considerations for Implementing a
Mixed Methods Participatory-Social Justice Design 127
Figure 4.8 Diagram of a Mixed Methods Participatory-Social Justice
Study 130
Figure 4.9 Flowchart of the Basic Procedures in Implementing a
Mixed Methods Evaluation Design 134
Figure 4.10 Diagram of a Mixed Methods Evaluation Study 137
Figure 4.11 A Complex Diagram Indicating the Steps in
Implementing a Program Evaluation Procedure With Mixed Methods
Core Designs Added 139
Figure 5.1 An Example of a Purpose Statement Script for a
Convergent Design 155
Figure 6.1 Diagram of the Procedures for an Exploratory Sequential
Study With Instrument Development 196
Figure 7.1 Excerpt From a Results Section Showing a Side-by-Side
Comparison Discussion of Quantitative and Qualitative Results 227
Figure 7.2 Excerpt From a Results Section Discussing Convergence
and Divergence of Quantitative and Qualitative Results 228
Figure 7.3 Example of a Joint Display Table (Partially Represented
Here) for a Convergent Design 229
Figure 7.4 Example of a Joint Display Table (Partially Represented
Here) for Presenting Congruent and Discrepant Findings 231
Figure 7.5 Example of a Joint Display Figure for a Convergent
Design 232
Figure 7.6 Example of a Joint Display Table to Describe Purposeful
Sampling Based on Quantitative Results in an Explanatory Sequential
Design 237
Figure 7.7 Example of a Joint Display (Partially Represented Here)
Representing Connected Results for an Explanatory Sequential Design
239
Figure 7.8 Example of a Joint Display to Describe How Qualitative
Results Inform a Quantitative Feature in an Exploratory Sequential
Design 242
Figure 7.9 Example of a Joint Display to Represent Linked Results
for an Exploratory Sequential Design 243
Figure 7.10 Example of a Joint Display of Patient Experiences per
Treatment Benefits for a Mixed Methods Experimental Design 245
Figure 7.11 Example of a Joint Display Using the Case Study
Approach to Position Individual Cases on a Scale and Provide Text
246
Figure 7.12 A Joint Display (Partially Represented Here) for a Study
That Included Social Justice Concerns About African American Organ
Donors 248
Figure 7.13 A Joint Display Showing Qualitative Process Evaluation
and Quantitative Effect Evaluation 249
Figure 9.1 How the Mixed Methods Design Shapes a Study 292
Figure 9.2 Example of an Implementation Matrix 297
Figure 9.3 Example of a Joint Display Using Graphed Data 302
Figure 9.4 Diagram Showing Validity Threats in Exploratory
Sequential Design Procedures 304
List of Tables

Table 1.1 Authors and the Focus or Orientation of Their Definition of

Mixed Methods 3
Table 2.1 Major Contributions to the Development of Mixed Methods
Research and Selected Writings 25
Table 2.2 Eleven Key Controversies and Questions Being Raised in
Mixed Methods Research 32
Table 2.3 Four Worldviews Used in Mixed Methods Research 36
Table 2.4 Elements of Worldviews and Implications for Practice 38
Table 3.1 Selected Typologies of Mixed Methods Design
Classifications 54
Table 3.2 Our Changing Typologies 59
Table 3.3 Summary of Notations Used to Describe Mixed Methods
Designs 62
Table 5.1 Deficiencies in the Literature Related to the Different
Mixed Methods Designs 151
Table 5.2 Type of Design and Examples of Methods-Focused,
Content-Focused, and Combination Mixed Methods Research
Questions 169
Table 6.1 Recommended Qualitative and Quantitative Data
Collection Procedures for Designing Mixed Methods Studies 174
Table 6.2 Types of Mixed Methods Designs, Decisions, and
Recommendations for Data Collection 184
Table 6.3 Reasons for Adding Qualitative Research Into Intervention
Trials 198
Table 7.1 Recommended Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis
Procedures for Designing Mixed Methods Studies 210
Table 7.2 Linking Integrative Data Analysis and Interpretation to
Mixed Methods Designs 222
Table 7.3 Type of Design, Validity Threats, and Strategies to
Minimize Threats 251
Table 8.1 Outline of the Mixed Methods Components in the
Structure of a Dissertation or Thesis Proposal 263
Table 8.2 Example Structure for a Mixed Methods Dissertation or
Thesis 267
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 Value.
Head, jaws, teeth, and eyes 15
Ears 5
Legs and feet 10
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 10
Back and loins 10
Hind quarters and stern 10
Coat 15
Color 10
Size and symmetry 10
Total 100
Negative Points.
White nails, toes, and feet 10
Much white on chest 10
Ears cropped 5
Mouth undershot 10
Coat shaggy or curly 10
Uneven in color 5
Total 50
Head.—Long; skull flat, rather narrow between
ears, free from wrinkle; stop hardly visible. Jaws
strong, muscular, but not too full in cheek, and of
good punishing length. There should be a slight
falling away below the eye, so as not to have a
greyhound appearance. Hair on face same
description as on body: short (about ¼ inch long), almost smooth
and straight; a slight beard is permissible, and that is characteristic.
Teeth strong and level. Lips not so tight as a bull-terrier’s, but well
fitting. Nose black. Eyes dark hazel, small, not prominent, full of life,
fire, and intelligence. Ears, when uncut, small and V-shaped, of
moderate thickness, set well up, dropping forward close to cheek,
free from fringe, and hair thereon shorter and generally darker in
color than the body.
 Neck.—Fair length, gradually widening toward shoulders, free
from throatiness, with a slight sort of frill at each side of neck,
running nearly to corner of ear, which is characteristic.
Shoulders and Chest.—Shoulders must be fine, long, sloping;
chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.
Back and Loins.—Body moderately long; back strong, straight,
with no appearance of slackness; loins broad, powerful, slightly
arched; ribs fairly sprung, rather deep than round.
Hind Quarters.—Well under the dog, strong, muscular; thighs
powerful; hocks near the ground; stifles not much bent.
Stern.—Generally docked, free from fringe or feather; set on
pretty high; carried gaily, but not over back, nor curled.
Feet and Legs.—Feet strong, tolerably round, moderately small;
toes arched, neither turned out nor in; black toe-nails. Legs
moderately long, well set on, perfectly straight, plenty of bone and
muscle; pasterns short and straight; fore and hind legs moving
straight forward when traveling; stifles not turned outward; legs free
of feather, and covered with hair as on head.
Coat.—Hard, wiry, not soft nor silky, not so long as to hide outlines
of body; straight, flat, no shagginess, no lock nor curl.
Color.—“Whole-colored,” the most preferable being bright red,
wheaten, yellow, and gray; brindle disqualifying. White sometimes
appears on chest and feet; more objectionable on the latter.
Symmetry.—The dog must present an active, lively, lithe, and wiry
appearance; lots of substance, free of clumsiness, and framed on
the “lines of speed.”
Temperament.—The Irish terrier, as a breed, is
remarkably good-tempered, notably so with
mankind, it being admitted, however, that it is
perhaps a little too ready to resent interference on
part of other dogs, hence called “daredevils.”
Weight.—Sixteen to twenty-four pounds.
Disqualifications.—Nose cherry or red; brindle color.
 THE TERRIER (MALTESE).

Mrs. J. P. Wade’s, Corona, L. I.

Flossie.

Origin.—Indigenous to the island of Malta, and spoken of by

Aristotle, b.c. 370, as the lap-dog of the fashionable Greeks and
Romans.
Uses.—A pet dog essentially.
Scale of Points, Etc.
Value.
Size 15
Coat 15
Color 15
 Color of eyes 10
Color of nose 10
Tail 10
Ears 5
Legs and body 10
Symmetry 10
Total 100
As no standard is adopted, the following is the description of the
dog.
Weight.—Five pounds; limit, seven pounds.
Color.—All white, with long, silky hair, looking like spun glass,
straight, not curly, length not less than 7 inches.
Head and Body.—Nose and eyes black. Tail turned or
doubled into coat on back. Ears small, drooping, well clad
with hair. Mouth level; teeth white. Black-coated
specimens are very rare and desirable.
Defect.—Ears with fawn markings.
 THE TERRIER (SCOTTISH).

Newcastle Kennels, Brookline, Mass.

Bellingham Bailiff. Bonny C.

Origin.—Nothing definite of this breed can be traced, though it

was for years known in Scotland as the Skye terrier.
Uses.—Unearthing vermin, badgers, foxes, etc.
* Scale of Points, Etc.
Value.
Skull 7½
 Muzzle 7½
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Chest 5
Body 15
Legs and feet 10
Tail 2½
Coat 15
Size 10
Color 2½
General appearance 10
Total 100
General Appearance.—The face should bear a very sharp,
bright, and active expression, and head carried up. The dog should
look compact and be possessed of great muscle in his hind quarters.
A Scottish terrier cannot be too powerfully put together.
Head.—Skull long, slightly domed, covered with short, hard hair
about ¾ inch long or less; skull not quite flat. Muzzle very powerful,
tapering toward nose, which should be black and of good size; jaws
level; teeth square, though the nose projects somewhat over the
mouth. Eyes wide apart, dark brown or hazel, small and piercing.
Ears very small, prick or half prick, sharp-pointed, the hair not long,
and free from any fringe on top.
Neck.—Short, thick, muscular; strongly set on sloping shoulders.
Chest.—Broad and proportionately deep.
Body.—Moderate length, rather flat-sided, well
ribbed up, and exceedingly strong in hind quarters.
Legs and Feet.—Legs short, and very heavy in
bone, the front ones being straight or slightly bent,
and well set on under body; hocks bent; thighs very
muscular; feet strong, small, and thickly covered with short hair.
 Tail.—About 7 inches long, carried with a slight bend, and never
cut.
Coat.—Rather short (about 2 inches), intensely hard, wiry, and
very dense.
Size.—About 16 pounds for a dog; 14 pounds for a bitch.
Colors.—Steel or iron gray, brindle, black, red, wheaten, yellow,
or mustard color. White markings are most objectionable.
Height.—Nine to twelve inches.
Faults.—Large or light eyes; silky or curly coat.
 THE TERRIER (SKYE).

(From Ladies’ Kennel Journal.)

Laird Duncan.

Origin.—Entirely lost. Indigenous, no doubt, to Scotland.

Uses.—A good, gamy vermin-dog, hardy and tough.
* Scale of Points, Etc.
Value.
Size 15
Head 15
Ears 10
Body 15
Tail 10
Legs 10
 Coat 20
Color 5
Total 100
Head.—Long; powerful jaws, incisors closing level, or upper jaws
just fitting under. Skull wide at front of brow, narrowing between ears,
tapering to muzzle, with little falling in between or behind eyes. Eyes
hazel, medium size, close set. Muzzle black. Ears, when pricked, not
large; erect at outer edges, slanting toward each other inward. When
pendent, larger, hanging straight, and flat and close at front.
Body.—Preëminently long and low; shoulders broad; chest deep;
ribs well sprung, oval-shaped, giving flat appearance to sides. Hind
quarters full and well developed. Back level, and declining from top
of hip to shoulders. Neck long and well crested.
Tail.—When hanging, upper half perpendicular, under half thrown
backward in a curve. When raised, a prolongation of outline of back,
not rising higher nor curling up.
Legs and Feet.—Legs short, straight, muscular, no dew-claws.
Feet large, pointing forward.
Coat (Double).—Under coat short, close, soft,
and woolly; and over coat long (5½ inches), hard,
straight, flat, free from crisp or curl. Hair on head
shorter, softer, veiling forehead and eyes; on ears,
overhanging inside, falling down, not heavily, but
surrounding ear like fringe; tail also feathered.
Color.—Dark or light blue, or gray or fawn with black points.
Height and Length.—Height at shoulder 9 inches; length, occiput
to root of tail, 22½ inches.
Weight.—Dogs, 18 pounds; bitches, 16 pounds.
Disqualifications.—Doctored ears or tail; weight over 20
pounds; over- or under-shot jaws.
 TERRIERS (TOY).
Toy terriers are judged by the same points as the large specimens
of the same breed.
 THE TERRIER (WELSH).

John Brett’s, Closter, N. J.

Tory II.

Origin.—Claimed by some to be of Welsh origin, by others of

English origin. However that may be, the breed was only recognized
by the English Kennel Club in 1886, and catalogued under title of
“Welsh or English wire-haired black-and-tan terriers.”
Uses.—Essentially a vermin-dog, “dead game.”
* Scale of Points, Etc.
Value.
Head 20
Neck and shoulders 10
 Body 10
Loins and hind quarters 10
Legs and feet 15
Coat 15
Color 10
Symmetry 10
Total 100
Head.—Skull flat, rather wider between ears than the wire-haired
fox-terrier. Jaws powerful, clean cut, rather deeper and more
punishing—giving head a more masculine appearance than that
usually seen on a fox-terrier. Stop not too defined; fair length from
stop to end of nose. Nose black. Ears V-shaped, small, not too thin,
set on fairly high, carried forward and close to cheek. Eyes small, not
too deeply set in nor protruding, dark hazel, expressive, and
indicating abundant pluck.
Neck.—Moderate length and thickness, slightly arched and
sloping.
Body.—Back short, well ribbed up; loins strong;
good depth and moderate width of chest; shoulders
long, sloping, well set back; hind quarters strong;
thighs muscular; hocks moderately straight, and well
let down. Stern set on moderately high, and not too
gaily carried.
Legs and Feet.—Legs straight, muscular, good bone, strong
pasterns. Feet cat-like.
Coat.—Wiry, hard, very close, and abundant.
Color.—Black or grizzle and tan, free from pencilings on toes.
Size and Weight.—Fifteen inches in dogs; average weight, 20
pounds.
 THE TERRIER (WHITE ENGLISH).

L. A. Van Zandt’s, New City, N. Y.

Tommy Atkins II.

Origin.—Wholly unknown, but the greatest number come from

Manchester (England).
Uses.—A very companionable gamy dog.
* Scale of Points, Etc.
Value.
 Head 20
Eyes and expression 15
Neck and shoulders 10
Legs, feet, and chest 15
Coat 10
Stern 10
Symmetry 10
Size 10
Total 100
Head.—Narrow, long, level, almost flat; skull wedge-shaped, well
filled below eyes, not lippy. Eyes small, black, oblong, and set fairly
close. Nose black. Ears cropped and standing perfectly erect.
Neck and Shoulders.—Neck fairly long, tapering; shoulders
sloping, no throatiness, slightly arched at occiput.
Body.—Chest narrow, deep; body short, curving upward at loins;
ribs well sprung.
Legs and Feet.—Legs perfectly straight, well under body,
moderate bone; feet cat-like.
Tail.—Moderate length, and set on where arch of
back ends; thick where it joins body, tapering, and
not carried higher than the back.
Coat.—Close, hard, short, glossy.
Color.—Pure white; colored markings disqualify.
Weight.—Limit, 20 pounds; 14 pounds preferable.
 THE TERRIER (YORKSHIRE).

Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.

Duke of Gainsboro.

Origin.—This dog’s home is Manchester (England), where it is

said to have been originated, the black-and-tan, Skye, and Maltese
terriers all being credited with its paternity. Except in color, it
resembles greatest the latter dog.
Uses.—Essentially a toy dog, beautiful and aristocratic.
* Scale of Points, Etc.
 Value.
Quantity and color of hair on body 25
Quality of coat 15
Tan 15
Head 10
Eyes 5
Mouth 5
Ears 5
Legs and feet 5
General appearance 10
Tail 5
Total 100
General Appearance.—A long-coated, well-proportioned pet
dog; coat straight and hanging evenly down each side, parted from
nose to end of tail; very compact in form, neat, sprightly, and bearing
an important air.
Head.—Rather small, flat, not too round in skull,
broad at muzzle; black nose. Hair on muzzle very
long, of bright golden tan, unmixed with dark or
sooty hair. Hair on sides of head very long, and of
deeper tan than on center of head. Eyes medium in
size, not prominent, dark, with intelligent expression;
edges of eyelids dark. Ears cut or uncut, quite erect;
if not cut, V-shaped, small, and erect, covered with short hair; color
deep tan. Mouth even; teeth sound; a loose tooth or two not
objectionable.
Body.—Very compact, good loins, and level on top of back.
Coat.—Hair as long and straight as possible, not wavy; glossy,
like silk, not woolly; extending from back of head to root of tail. Color
bright steel blue, not intermingled with fawn, light or dark hairs.
Legs and Feet.—Legs quite straight; hair on same a bright golden
tan, a shade lighter at ends than at roots. Feet round as possible;
toe-nails black.
 Weight.—Divided, viz., under 5 pounds, over 5 pounds; limit, 12
pounds.