Known Values

Question 1
How many molecules of water are there in 54 g of H2OH2O ?
Solution
Molar Mass of H2OH2O = 2 + 16 = 18 g/moles
So ,number of moles of H2OH2O = Mass/Molar Mass = 54/18 =3 moles
Now 1 moles = 6.022×10236.022×1023 molecule
So 3 moles will have 18.066×102318.066×1023 molecule

Question 2
Calculate the mass of 6.022×10236.022×1023 molecule of NH4ClNH4Cl ?
Solution
Molar mass (Molecular mass in gram) of NH4ClNH4Cl= 14+4+35.5= 53.5g
No. of moles of NH4ClNH4Cl
=6.022×10236.022×1023=6.022×10236.022×1023
= 1 mole
Mass of NH4ClNH4Cl
=No. of moles×molar mass=No. of moles×molar mass
=1×53.5g=53.5g=1×53.5g=53.5g.

Question 3
Calculate the mass of 12.044×102312.044×1023 Oxygen atoms.
Solution
No. of moles of Oxygen atoms
=12.044×10236.022×1023=12.044×10236.022×1023
= 2 mole
Mass of Oxygen atoms
=No. of moles×atomic mass=No. of moles×atomic mass
=2×16=2×16
= 32 g

Question 4
How many atoms of hydrogen are there in 36 g of NH4NH4?
Solution
Molar mass (Molecular mass in gram) of NH4NH4= 14+4= 18 g
No. of moles of NH4NH4?
= 36/18 = 4 moles
Now Total Moles of Hydrogen Atoms
= 16 moles
=16x6.022×1023=96.352×1023=16x6.022×1023=96.352×1023

Question 5
Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in 1 mole of H2.
Solution
1 molecule of H2= 2 hydrogen atoms
So, 1 mole of H2= 2 mole hydrogen atoms
=2×6.022×1023=12.044×1023=2×6.022×1023=12.044×1023 hydrogen atoms.

Question 6
Calculate the number of Cu atoms in 0.3175 g of Cu.
Solution
No. of moles of Cu
=Mass of CuAtomic mass=Mass of CuAtomic mass
= 0.3175/63.5
=0.005 mole
No. of Cu atoms
=No. of moles×Avogadro constant=No. of moles×Avogadro constant
=0.005×6.022×1023=0.005×6.022×1023
=30.11×1020=30.11×1020 Cu atoms.

Question 7
Calculate the number of molecules in 22.4 litres of CH4 gas at NTP.
Solution
1 mole of CH4= 22.4 L (at NTP)
Therefore
22.4 L of CH4gas= 1 mole CH4gas= 6.022×10236.022×1023 CH4 gas molecules.

Question 8
a. Find the volume of 1 g of H2gas in litres at N.T.P
b.Find the volume of 20g H2at NTP.
c.What is the volume occupied by 6.022×10236.022×1023 molecules of any gas at
NTP?
Solution
a. Molar Mass of H2gas = 2 gm
Number of moles=MassMolar Mass=12=.5Number of moles=MassMolar Mass=12=.5
1 mole of H2= 22.4 L (at NTP)
Therefore
.5 mole of H2= .5 x 22.4 = 11.2 litre
b.
No. of moles of H2= 20/2 =10
1 mole of H2= 22.4 L (at NTP)
Therefore
10 moles = 10×22.410×22.4
=224 L
c.
6.022×10236.022×1023 molecules = 1 mole molecules, and
1 mole molecules of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L at NTP.

Question 9
An atom of some element Y weighs 6.644×10−236.644×10−23 g. Calculate the
number of gram-atoms in 40 kg of it.
Solution
Mass of 1 mole Y atoms
=mass of 1 atom×Avogadro constant=mass of 1 atom×Avogadro constant
=6.644×10−23×6.022×1023=6.644×10−23×6.022×1023
= 40 g
So, the atomic mass of Y = 40
No. of gram-atoms (or moles) of X
=mass of Yatomic mass=mass of Yatomic mass
=40×100040=1000=40×100040=1000

Question 10
Find the number of moles and number of atoms of H and S in 10 mole of H2SH2S.
Solution
1 mole of H2S contains 2 mole of H, 1 mole of S
Therefore
10 mole of H2S contains
20 mole of H = 20×6.022×1023=12.044×102420×6.022×1023=12.044×1024 H atoms
10 mole of S = 10×6.022×1023=6.022×102410×6.022×1023=6.022×1024 S atoms

Question 11
Calculate the number of atoms of each element in 245 g of KClO3KClO3.
Solution
Molecular mass of KClO3= 39+35.5+3×16=122.539+35.5+3×16=122.5
No. of mole of KClO3= 245 g/122.5g = 2 mole
2 mole of KClO3contains
2 mole of K = 2×6.022×1023=12.044×10232×6.022×1023=12.044×1023 K atoms
2 mole of Cl = 2×6.022×1023=12.044×10232×6.022×1023=12.044×1023 Cl atoms

6 mole of O = 6×6.022×1023=1.806×10246×6.022×1023=1.806×1024 O atoms.

Question 12
If 4 g of NaOH dissolves in 36 g of H2OH2O, calculate the Mole fraction of each
component in the solution. Also, determine the Molarity of solution (specific gravity of
solution is 1 gm/L)
Solution
Mass of NaOH = 4 g
Number of moles of = 4 g NaOH/40 g = 0.1 mol
Mass of H2OH2O = 36 g
Number of moles of = 36 g/18= 2 mol
Mole fraction of water=Number of moles of water No. of moles of water+No. of moles of NaOHMole fraction of
water=Number of moles of water No. of moles of water+No. of moles of
NaOH =22+.1=0.95=22+.1=0.95
Mole fraction of NaOH=Number of moles of NaOHNo. of moles of NaOH+ No. of moles of waterMole fraction of
NaOH=Number of moles of NaOHNo. of moles of NaOH+ No. of moles of
water =0.12+0.1=0.047=0.12+0.1=0.047
Mass of solution = mass of water + mass of NaOH = 36 g + 4 g = 40 g
Volume of solution = 40×1=4040×1=40 mL (Since specific gravity of solution is = 1 g
m/L)
Molarity of solution=Number of moles of solute Volume of solution in litre=0.10.04=2.5Molarity of
solution=Number of moles of solute Volume of solution in litre=0.10.04=2.5 M

Question 13
Calculate the number of atoms in 12.2 litres of the below gas at NTP
(i) mono-atomic
(ii) diatomic gas
Solution
No. of moles in 12.2 L gas at NTP = 12.2/22.4 = 0.50
No. of molecules in 12.2 L gas
=0.50×6.022×1023=0.50×6.022×1023
=3.011×1023=3.011×1023 molecules
In mono-atomic gases, No. of atoms = No. of molecules =3.011×10233.011×1023.
In diatomic gases, No. of atoms = 2×No. of molecules=2×3.011×1023=6.022×10232×No.
of molecules=2×3.011×1023=6.022×1023.

Question 14
If a mole were to contain 1×10241×1024 particles, what would be the mass of
(i) one mole of oxygen
(ii) a single oxygen molecule?
Solution
Mass of one mole of oxygen molecule (O2)
= molecular mass of oxygen molecule (O2) in gram
= 32 g.
Mass of a single oxygen molecule
=321×1024=321×1024
=3.2×10−23=3.2×10−23 g
Question 15
Calculate the standard molar volume of oxygen gas. The density of O2O2 gas at NTP is
1.429 g/L.
Solution
Standard molar volume is Volume of 1 mole of gas i.e 32 gm O 2 gas
Now
Density=MassvolumeDensity=Massvolume
Volume=MassDensityVolume=MassDensity
= 32/1.429
=22.39 Litres.

Question 16
if 2 mol of Calcium Carbonate (Formula Weight =100) occupies a volume of 67.0 ml,
Find the density ?
Solution
Mass of Calcium Carbonate = 2 * 100 = 200 g
Volume = 67.0 ml
Density=Massvolume=20067=2.99Density=Massvolume=20067=2.99 g/mL

Question 17
Calculate how many methane molecules and how many carbon and hydrogen atoms
are there in 25 g of Methane?
Solution
Molar mass pf methane =16
Number of Moles =25/16
No of methane molecules
= 2516×6.022×1023=9.411×10232516×6.022×1023=9.411×1023
No of carbon molecules = 1×9.411×1023=9.411×10231×9.411×1023=9.411×1023
No of hydrogen molecules = 4×9.411×1023=3.74×10244×9.411×1023=3.74×1024

Question 18
A metal M of atomic mass 54.94 has a density of 7.42g/cc. Calculate the apparent
volume occupied by one atom of the metal.
Solution
Mass of 1 mole metal atoms = 54.94 g
Mass of 1 metal atom = 54.946.022×1023=9.12×102354.946.022×1023=9.12×1023g
Volume occupied by one metal atom
=Mass of one metal atomdensity=Mass of one metal atomdensity
=9.12×10237.42=9.12×10237.42
=1.23×1023=1.23×1023 cc.

Question 19
Calculate the number of moles of Ca, C and oxygen atoms and its mass in 200 g
of CaCO3CaCO3.
Solution
Molecular mass of CaCO3= 40+12+3 \times 16 = 100

No. mole of CaCO3= 200g100g=2200g100g=2

Question 20
Calculate the total number of electrons present in 3.2 g of CH4.
Solution
Molecular mass of CH4= 12+4×1=1612+4×1=16
Moles of CH4=3.216=0.23.216=0.2
No. of electron in 1 molecule of CH4= 6+4 = 10 electrons
Total no. of electrons
= 0.2×6.022×1023×10=12.044×10230.2×6.022×1023×10=12.044×1023 electrons.

Question 21
How much Calcium is in the amount of Ca(NO3)2 that contains 20.0g of Nitrogen?
Solution
Number of Moles of Nitrogen = 2014=1.4282014=1.428 moles
From the Molecular formula, it is apparent that, the number of Moles Ca will be half
number of Number of Nitrogen
So, number of Moles of Ca=1.4282=.7141.4282=.714 moles
So mass of Ca = .714×40=28.56.714×40=28.56 g

Question 22
State the number of atoms in 1 g atom of Aluminium?
Solution
1 gm atom = atomic weight
So number of atoms will be Avogadro number = 6.022×10236.022×1023

Question 23
If the components of the air are N2, 78%; O2, 21%; Ar, 0.9% and CO2, 0.1% by volume,
what would be the molecular mass of air?
Solution
The molar ratios are also volume ratios for gases (Avogadro’s principle)
Molecular mass of air
=78×28+21×32+0.9×40+0.1×4478+21+0.9+0.1=78×28+21×32+0.9×40+0.1×4478+21+0.9+0.1
=28.964.

Question 24
How many molecules are there in 1.624 gm Ferric chloride(FeCl3)?
Solution
Molar Mass of Ferric chloride= 56 + 3 * 35.5 = 162.5 gm
Number Of moles = 1.624 /162.5
Number Of molecules
= (1.624162.5)×6.022×1023=6.023×1021(1.624162.5)×6.022×1023=6.023×1021 Molecule
s

Question 25
What is the mass of 1 Ammonia Molecule ?
Solution
Molar Mass of Ammonia= 14+3×1=1714+3×1=17 gm
Mass of One molecule =17(6.022×1023)=2.8×10−2317(6.022×1023)=2.8×10−23 g

Question 26
The atomic masses of two elements (P and Q) are 20 and 40 respectively. x g of P
contains y atoms, how many atoms are present in 2x g of Q?
Solution
No. of mole of P = x20x20
No. of atoms of P = (x20)×N(x20)×N [N is Avogadro constant]
Therefore, y=x×N20y=x×N20 or x=20yNx=20yN
Now,
No. of mole of Q = 2x402x40
No. of atoms of Q
=(2x40)×N=(2x40)×N
=2N40×20yN=2N40×20yN
=y

Question 27
Oxygen is present in a 1-litre flask at a pressure of 7.6×10−107.6×10−10 mm of Hg at
0°C. Calculate the number of oxygen molecules in the flask.
Solution
Pressure = 7.6×10−107.6×10−10 mm Hg
as 1 atm = 760 mm Hg
p=7.6×10−10760p=7.6×10−10760
=10−12=10−12 atm
Volume = 1 litre
Temperature = 0°C = 273 K
We know pV=nRTpV=nRT
or
n=pVRTn=pVRT
n=(10−12×1)(0.0821×273)=0.44×10−13n=(10−12×1)(0.0821×273)=0.44×10−13
No. of molecules=no. of moles×Avogadro constantNo. of molecules=no. of
moles×Avogadro constant
=0.44×10−13×6.022×1023=0.44×10−13×6.022×1023
=2.65×1010=2.65×1010 .
Question 28
What is the ratio of the volumes occupied by 1 mole of O2and 1 mole of O3in identical
conditions?
Solution
Volume ratio
= Molar ratio (Avogadro’s principle – the molar ratios are also volume ratios for gases)
=1:1

Question 29
Calculate the mass of .5 moles of CaCO3in g.
Solution
Molar mass (i.e., molecular mass in g) = 40+12+3×16=10040+12+3×16=100g
Mass of .5 moles of CaCO3= .5×100=50.5×100=50 g

Question 30
The cost of the Table Salt(NaCl) and Table sugar(C12H22O11C12H22O11) is Rs 10
and Rs 40 per kg. Find the cost of the salt and sugar per mole?
Solution
Molar Mass of NaCl= 23+35.5=58.523+35.5=58.5 g/mol
Cost of 1 Mole of NaCl =(101000)×58.5=.585(101000)×58.5=.585 Rs/mole
Molar Mass
of C12H22O11C12H22O11= 12×12+22×1+11×16=34212×12+22×1+11×16=342 g/mol
Cost of 1 Mole
of C12H22O11C12H22O11 = (401000)×342=13.68(401000)×342=13.68 Rs/mole

Question 31
Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 0.2 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O.
Solution
Moles of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O = 3+10 = 13
Moles of oxygen atoms in 0.2 mole of Na2CO3.10H2O = 0.2×13=2.60.2×13=2.6
Therefore, Number of oxygen atoms
= 2.6×6.022×1023=1.565×10242.6×6.022×1023=1.565×1024.

Question 32
A polystyrene, having the formula Br3C6H3(C3H8)nBr3C6H3(C3H8)n, was prepared
by heating styrene with tribromobenzoyl peroxide in the absence of air. If it was found to
contain 10.46% bromine by weight, find the value of n.
Solution
Let the mass of polystyrene be 100g,
Therefore, No. of moles of Br in 100g of polystyrene = 10.46/79.9 = 0.1309
From the formula Br3C6H3(C3H8)nBr3C6H3(C3H8)n, we have,
No. of moles of Br=3×moles ofBr3C6H3(C3H8)nNo. of moles of Br=3×moles
ofBr3C6H3(C3H8)n
0.1309=3×massmolecular mass=3×100314.5+44n0.1309=3×massmolecular
mass=3×100314.5+44n
n = 44.9 n=45(approx)

Question 33
It has been estimated that 93% of all atoms in the entire universe are hydrogen and that
the vast majority of those remaining are helium. Based on only these two elements,
estimate the mass percentage composition of the universe.
Solution
It is given that out of 100 atoms, 93 atoms are Hydrogen and 7 atoms are Helium.
Mass of Hydrogen atoms = 93×1=9393×1=93
Mass of Helium atoms = 7×4=287×4=28
Therefore, Mass percentage of Hydrogen = 9393+28×100=76.869393+28×100=76.86%
Mass percentage of Helium = 2893+28×100=23.142893+28×100=23.14%.

Question 34
The molecular weight of haemoglobin is about 65,000 g/mol. Haemoglobin contains
0.35% Fe by mass. How many iron atoms are there in a haemoglobin molecule?
Solution
Mass of Fe in haemoglobin
= 0.35% of 65000
=0.35×65000100=0.35×65000100
= 227.5
Therefore, No. of Fe atoms in a haemoglobin molecule = 227.556=4227.556=4

Question 35
Calculate the Number of atoms of oxygen present in 88g of CO2CO2. What would be
the weight of the Carbon monoxide having the same number of oxygen atoms?
Solution
Moles of CO2CO2 in 88 g = 88/44 = 2
Number of Oxygen
atom=2×6.022×1023×2=20.092×10232×6.022×1023×2=20.092×1023
Now
Number of molecules of CO having 20.092×102320.092×1023 of oxygen atom will
be 20.092×102320.092×1023
Hence of weight of CO = 28×20.092×10236.022×1023|=11228×20.092×10236.022×1023|=112g

Question 36
At room temperature, the density of water is 1.0 g/mL and the density of ethanol is
0.789 g/mL. What volume of ethanol contains the same number of molecules as are
present in 175 mL of water?
Solution
Let the volume of ethanol containing the same number of molecules as are present in
175mL of water be V mL.
Moles of C2H5OHC2H5OH in V mL = Moles of H2OH2O in 175 mL
Mass of C2H5OHC2H5OH /mol. mass of C2H5OHC2H5OH = Mass of H2OH2O / mol.
mass of H2OH2O
Now
as Density=MassvolumeDensity=Massvolume or Mass=Density×VolumeMass=Density×V
olume
Therefore
0.789×V46=1×175180.789×V46=1×17518
V =566.82 mL.

Question 37
Chlorophyll the green colouring matter of plants responsible for photosynthesis contains
2.68% of Magnesium by weight.Calculate the number of magnesium atoms in 4 g of
Chlorophyll
Solution
Mass % of Mg = 2.68%
Now 100 g of Chlorophyll contains 2.68 g of Mg
Then 4 g of Chlorophyll contains = (2.68100)×4=.1072(2.68100)×4=.1072 g
Now
Number of atoms of Mg =MassMolar mass×6.022×1023=1.34×1021MassMolar
mass×6.022×1023=1.34×1021 atoms
Question 38
Calculate approximately the diameter of an atom of mercury, assuming that each atom
is occupying a cube of edge length equal to the diameter of the mercury atom. The
density of mercury is 13.6 g/cc.
Solution
Suppose the side of cube = x cm = diameter of mercury atom
Therefore, Volume of 1 Hg atom = x3x3 and
Mass of 1 Hg atom
=density×volume=density×volume
=13.6×x3=13.6×x3
Mass of 1 Hg atom
= Atomic mass/ Avogadro constant
=2006.022×1023=2006.022×1023
13.6×x3=2006.022×102313.6×x3=2006.022×1023
x=(2.44×10−23)1/3=2.9×10−8x=(2.44×10−23)1/3=2.9×10−8 cm.

Question 39
How many years it would take to spend Avogadro number of rupees at the rate of Rs 10
laks per sec?
Solution
Rupees= 6.022×10236.022×1023
Rupees spend rate = 106 /sec
Rupees spent per year =106×3600×24×365106×3600×24×365
Number of Years required to fully spend the money
=6.022×1023106×3600×24×365=6.022×1023106×3600×24×365
=1.90988×1010=1.90988×1010 years

Question 40
Find the total number of neutrons present in 7 mg of 14C atoms.
Solution