TREMATODES

LIVER FLUKES
Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis felineus

CN Sheep liver fluke Giant liver flukes Chinese liver fluke Cat Liver fluke
Oriental Liver Flukes
Temperate liver fluke Distome of China
CAD Sheep liver rot Fasiola Chlonorchiasis
Fascioliasis
Specimen Stool Stool or duodenal aspirates
EGGS
Characteristic Brownish yellow egg with a old fashioned electric bulb
large mass of yolk cells
Shape Somewhat oblong
Contents Undeveloped miracidium Developed miracidium
✔ ✔
Operculum
Other features Operculum Presence of distinct shoulders

and presence of small knob
opposite operculum
ADULT
Other features/ Conical projection at the Larger than F. hepatica, Ventral sucker is smaller than Lancet shaped, Smaller oral
diagnostic anterior end and a shouldered more lanceolate & shorter cephalic the oral sucker sucker than ventral
feature appearance (D.S. feature) cone
Location Bile ducts Bile ducts
LIFE CYCLE
1ST IH SNAIL SNAIL SNAIL
 Lymnae philippinensis,  Parafossarulus  Bithynia leachi
 Lymnae swinhoe, manchoricus
 Lymnae truncantula  fresh water snails
2ND IH  Water cress Grass PRAWN FISH
 Ipomea obscura  Caridina nilotica  Idus melanotus
gracilipes  Tinca tinca
FISH  Cyprinus carpio
 Ctenopharyngodon idellus  Barbus barbus
Infective stage Metacercariae on vegetation Metacercariae in flesh or skin
ingested by definitive host of fresh water fish are ingested
by the definitive
Diagnostic stage Unembryonated eggs Embryonated eggs

host.
Natural host Sheep Cattles
Definitive host Domestic and wild ruminants  Humans
 domestic canids and felids
 swine
 mustelids
 other piscivorous
mammals
Reservoir host  fish-eating mammals,
dogs, and cats
Treatment Dichlorophenol Bithionol Praziquantel and albendazole
Dichlorophenol
INTESTINAL FLUKES
Fasciola buski Echinostoma ilocanum Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai
CN Sheep liver fluke Garrison’s fluke Heterophid fluke Heterophid fluke
Temperate liver fluke Von Siebuld’s fluke

CAD Sheep liver rot Heterophyiasis Metagonimiasis
Fascioliasis
Specimen Stool Stool Stool
EGG
Shape Somewhat oblong
Contents Undeveloped miracidium Developing miracidium Developing miracidium
Operculum
✔ ✔ ✔
Shell Thin Thick
Other features Operculum Shoulders are discrete than those of c. sinensis.
Small knob may be absent
ADULT
Characteristics circum oral disk around the oral  Oral sucker is very small  Large ventral sucker
sucker and large ventral sucker situated to the right of the
 Two testes are ovoid side midline.
by side in the posterior  Two unequal oval testes
fifth of the body. arranged obliquely side by
 Subglobuse ovary is side and situated in the
anterior to the testes. posterior third of the body
 Globuse ovary is situated
at the junction of the
middle and lower third of
the body
Shape Elongated, Oval, covered with
spines (no cephalic cone)
Location Small intestine Small intestine Small intestine
LIFE CYCLE
1ST IH SNAIL SNAIL SNAIL SNAIL
 Segmentina trocholdeus  Gyraulus convexlusculus  Pironela conica Thiara and Hua
 Hippeutis umbilicalis  Hippeutis umbilicalis
2ND IH  Trapa bicornis (water SNAIL FISH FISH
caltrop)  Pila luzonic  Mugil  Salmo
 Ellocharis tuberosa (water  Vivipara angularis  Acanthogobius  Richarsonlum
chestnut) Odontoburis
 Ipomea aquatica (water
morning glory)
 Lotus
Infective stage Metacercariae on water plant ingesting undercooked fish ingesting undercooked fish
ingested by humans or pigs containing metacercariae containing metacercariae
Diagnostic stage Unembryonated eggs Embryonated eggs each with Embryonated eggs each with
a fully-developed miracidium a fully-developed miracidium
Treatment Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquantel
hexylresorcinol
LUNG FLUKE
CN Oriental Lung fluke
CAD Paragonimiasis, pulmonary dystomiasis
Specimen Sputum
EGG
Shape Somewhat oval
Contents Undeveloped miracidium surrounded by a thin, smooth shell

Operculum
✔
Shell
Other features Prominent operculum with shoulders; obvious terminal
shell thickening opposite operculum ; with thickened abopercular end opposite the operculum
ADULT
Characteristics Reddish brown with succulent intestinal mucosa; Equal oral and ventral sucker
Shape
Location
LIFE CYCLE
1ST IH SNAIL
 Antemelania
 Asperata/Brotia aspirata
 Antemelania dactylus
2ND IH CRAB
 Sundathelpusa philippina
 Parathelpusa grapsoides
Infective stage  Cercariae invade the crustacean and encyst into metacercariae.
Diagnostic stage  Unembryonated egg
Treatment Praziquantel, bithionol

TREMATODES

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TREMATODES

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TREMATODES

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LIVER FLUKES

Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis felineus

Other features Operculum Presence of distinct shoulders

Diagnostic stage Unembryonated eggs Embryonated eggs

Temperate liver fluke Von Siebuld’s fluke

Contents Undeveloped miracidium surrounded by a thin, smooth shell

You might also like