MODULE 03: Clientele and Audiences in Counseling

Counseling » is provided to help clients in positively coping with the challenges of their life
Counselee » are empowered to make wise decisions through the strategies and techniques utilized
by the counselor during the counseling process

INDIVIDUALS
Human Resources Department (HDR)
» assigned for the welfare and development of the employees
» provides counseling to the workers

GROUPS and ORGANIZATION

1) Students with academic difficulties
2) Honor Students
3) Students with career uncertainties
4) Children of OFW parents and single parents
5) International students
6) Students living in dormitories or away from home
7) Individuals with socioemotional concerns
8) Victims of disasters
→ A Critical Incident Stress Debriefing or Psychological First Aid can be conducted in order to give
an initial form of treatment to direct victims of disasters. Counseling that focuses on enhancing
coping skills, acceptance and/or grieving, and instilling resilience may be given to this group.
9. Peer facilitators
This group is composed of individuals who went through a series of trainings in peer
facilitating. Their role is important in the promotion of guidance services and programs in the school.
Peer facilitators help the guidance counselors reach out to students.
Paracounseling is counseling given by nonprofessionals who, nonetheless, have been given
some form of counseling-related training, whose objectives include, but are not limited to, the
following; improving self-awareness and self-management, communications skills, and conflict
resolution.

COMMUNITIES
Parents — In order to address students needs, collaborative efforts between counselors and
parents are being done through conferences and meetings.
School authorities — School authorities and administrators, like teachers, department, heads,
and principals are also counted as clientele of guidance counselors.

MODULE 04: Settings in Counseling

These are some of the settings where professional counselors provide counseling services:
1) Government setting — Guidance colors services to government agencies to address the
clientele socket individuals referred by goes of government agencies is the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).
This government sector responds to the needs of children who were abandoned by parents.
After these children are referred their to appropriate caring institutions, they are given counseling to
help them cope with their new environment and their life situations.
2) Private practice – Guidance counselors may also have either part-time or full-time private
practice. They may practice as an individual or in partnership with other groups. In private
practice, counselors may also enter in either general practice, where they provide the usual
guidance services, or specialized service, where they may devote themselves in specialized
counseling that addresses concerns such as addiction, abuse, or crisis. In some cases,
counselors provide services such as psychological assessment and conching to individuals
who file marriage annulment. They may also establish their own guidance centers or private
clinics.
3) Civil society — Civil society means the general population or the public, which may Include
municipalities. They provide counseling services to individuals with concerns relevant to
issues of morality or spirituality.
4) Schools — Professional counselors in the school setting provide programs and services 4 that
address the cognitive, social, emotional, moral, and spiritual needs of students.
5) Community — A community includes a group of people in a certain place or area. Counselors
in the community setting deal with diverse groups and a number of societal concerns ranging
from developmental needs to crises requiring immediate attention. Community counselors
address crises such as suicidal tendencies of a referred individual or drug dependency of
either an individual or a group. They also respond to facilitative concerns, like job placement
and marital conflicts; preventive measures, like drug awareness and sex education; and
 developmental issues such as midlife crisis. Community counselors utilize various strategies
and approaches to assist the varying needs of community members.
BIG IDEA
• Identifying and understanding the areas of community members essential in formulating an
effective guidance program
• They also provide activities to help students cope with their academics and challenges. They also
guide the students to plan their future career goals in terms of courses to take in the tertiary level. To
achieve all of these, professional counselors collaborate with the teachers, school administrators,
parents, and the community to ensure holistic development of all students.

MODULE 05: Counseling Services, Processes, and Methods

Counseling Services
Counseling is the heart of guidance services. This means that it is the core activity provided by
counselors. Counseling is focused on the individual’s adjustment, growth, and development of
problem-solving and decision-making skills.
Orientation and Information Service
In a school setting, the guidance program is considered an essential component of the
educational system. Hence, the clients (in this case, students and other stakeholders such as parents,
guardians, and faculty members) must be informed of the services provided by the counselors
Psychological Testing Services
Professional counselors also administer administration, scoring, and interpretation
psychological testing. This includes the of standardized tests. This is usually provided assess the
client’s cognitive aspect, interest, socioemotional well-being, or behavioral tendencies.
Follow-up Services
When a client has availed of counseling service, follow-up counseling is provided. This is to
determine id counseling goals were achieved. It also aims to determine whether appropriate behavior
and decisions were accomplished. Follow-up service is also given to special groups of students like
those in the honor roll, those with academic difficulties, those showing challenging behaviors, or
those who have transferred in the college level.
Career Development and Placement Services
Professional counselors provide career assistance to help clients in job-related concerns. In the
school setting, career guidance service is provided to those who are having difficulty in choosing an
academic program or course in college.
Individual Inventory Services
The individual inventory service is also called students’ appraisal. This service is primarily
given to obtain pertinent information from the client, which is helpful to the counselor when the
client seeks for counseling. The cumulative record is the form utilized to obtain pertinent information
about the students and it is usually given prior to the counseling session.
Referral Service
The professional counselor provides referral service. This is the process of supporting the
clients to find the professional expert, who may provide specific assistance to an identified problem
or concern.
Research and Evaluation
Collecting, analyzing, and using it to clients.

Counseling Processes
One of the most common models of a counseling process is this six-stage counseling process:
Stage I: Establishing rapport with the client
Relationship is central in counseling. Both the counselor and counselee have responsibilities in
order to contribute to rapport building that leads to therapeutic alliance.
Stage II: Assessment
Careful assessment should be done in order to accurately pinpoint the real chase of problems.
Assessment includes data gathering methods such as interviews, behavior observations,
psychological tests, mental health status, and other empirically validated instruments such as
psychological tests. All the gathered information will be integrated and used to formulate a case
summary.
Assessment is listening to, being observant with, and being akin to the complexity of the
situation. It reflects the counselor’s ability to integrate the information he or she has gathered to gain
a deeper understanding of the client. Furthermore, the counselor needs to asses the client’s level of
maturity and sense of responsibility.
Stage III: Treatment planning
Treatment planning, or the formulation of counseling goals, should I be a product of
collaboration between the counselor and client. This requires the client’s active participation in
generating the goals of the sessions (called therapeutic goals). The treatment plan, in turn, is tailored
to respond to the client’s specific needs, where the counselor presents options and the client chooses
according to his or her deemed primary concerns.
Stage IV: Intervention and problem-solving
The counselor guides the counselee in aligning the intervention with the identified counseling
goals. Counseling interventions are used to assist the client in gaining insight about his or her
situation and, eventually, in taking the appropriate actions that will facilitate change and improve the
quality of his or her life. According to Corey (2007), insights are helpful, yet, the client’s actions or
behavior are more important.
Stage V: Evaluation
During this stage, implemented intervention and its outcomes are evaluated in terms of
accomplishments of agreed goals. One form of evaluation is formal evaluation, which is consistently
conducted throughout the counseling process. Using survey forms, their thoughts and mentions how
the counseling sessions or the other services helped them were identified. Another method of
evaluating the counseling process is summative evaluation. This type of evaluation assesses
counseling outcomes. This involves interviewing and observing the client to evaluate the outcomes of
the counseling sessions, validate the emotions felt in relation to changes that have happened, and
assess the client’s ability to make wise decisions on his or her own.
Stage VI: Termination
The counseling process is terminated after the outcomes are evaluated and the counselor and
the counselee have mutually agreed that the set goals have been achieved. Termination provides a
sense of closure for both the counselee and the counselor. Preparations for termination include
promoting the clients’ independence and responsibility, assisting them to identify their problems,
teaching them to plan for future situations, and helping them set up long-term goals. Possible relapse
or the recurrence of same problems is discussed during termination so that signs and symptoms are
identified and thus avoided.