Letter from the Speaker

Dear Parliamentarians,

I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. I am thrilled to be reaching out to you as
we approach the upcoming HMUN.
Your participation in this event is an inspiring testament to your dedication and commitment to civic
engagement, and I have no doubt that you will contribute significantly to the meaningful discussions
and debates that will take place during the conference.
The agenda of this year's conference, "Reviewing 9 years of NDA government," is a pertinent and
challenging one. It addresses the most pressing issues our society faces today. It is in this context that
I wish to emphasize the critical importance of thorough research and preparation. Informed and well-
prepared delegates are the backbone of a successful conference, and here are a few reasons why
research is so vital:
Credibility: Proper research will bolster the credibility of your arguments and proposals. It will enable
you to substantiate your views and provide valid evidence to support your stance.
Effective Debate: Well-prepared delegates are better equipped to participate actively in debates.
Your research will allow you to engage in discussions, ask insightful questions, and provide
constructive feedback.
Innovative Solutions: In-depth research opens the door to innovative and practical solutions. We
encourage you to think beyond the conventional and propose creative measures to address the issues
at hand.
Networking: Engaging in extensive research will not only boost your knowledge but also enhance your
networking opportunities. You will have valuable information to exchange with your peers and learn
from their insights.
To facilitate your research, use this guide as a starting point. This guide is divided into three
sections. Section A very briefly introduces you to the multiparty system in our country; Section B very
briefly introduces you to some of the actions taken by the government; and Section C provides you
the framework you must use for this Agenda. We encourage you to explore these resources and dig
deep to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues.
Remember, you are the future leaders and change-makers. Your contributions at this conference can
make a significant impact on the discussions and, subsequently, on our society. We believe in your
potential and look forward to witnessing your passion and dedication firsthand.
If you have any questions or need assistance with your preparations, please do not hesitate to contact
me. I am here to support you every step of the way.
In conclusion, I urge you to research diligently, prepare thoroughly, and bring your best ideas to the
conference. Let us come together to engage in stimulating debates, foster solutions, and inspire one
another. Your collective wisdom will shape the future, and I am excited to be a part of this journey
with you.
Thank you for your commitment, and I eagerly await your presence at the HMUN.

Yours sincerely,
Amol
Speaker, Lok Sabha
 Section A
Introduction to the Indian Multi-Party System

India, the world's largest democracy, boasts a vibrant and complex multi-party-political
system that plays a pivotal role in its governance. The Indian multi-party system is a hallmark
of the country's political landscape, characterized by a multitude of political parties
representing diverse ideologies, regions, and interest groups. This system is deeply ingrained
in the country's democratic tradition and is a testament to its commitment to inclusive
representation.
Key features of the Indian multi-party system:
Pluralistic Society: India is a diverse nation with a multitude of linguistic, cultural, religious,
and regional groups. The multi-party system allows for the representation of these varied
interests, ensuring that no single group or ideology dominates the political landscape.
Ideological Diversity: Indian political parties span a wide spectrum of ideologies, ranging from
socialist and communist to liberal and conservative, with many parties representing specific
regional or religious interests.
Federal Structure: India is a federal country with a multi-tiered system of government. The
multi-party system accommodates the need for parties that represent regional and state-
level interests alongside those at the national level.
Elections at Multiple Levels: In India, elections are held at various levels, from local panchayats
to state legislatures and the national parliament (Lok Sabha). This multi-level approach allows
different parties to thrive at different levels, further diversifying the political landscape.
Now, let's look at the details of the current Lok Sabha-
Total Seats: The Lok Sabha has a total of 545 seats, including two members nominated by the
President to represent the Anglo-Indian community. Out of the 545 seats, 543 are elected by
the people through direct elections.
Current Composition: The composition of the Lok Sabha is subject to change with each general
election, which is held every five years. The last general election was held in April-May 2019,
and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged as the largest party, securing a majority on its
own with 303 seats. Its pre-election alliance, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), held a
majority with 353 seats. The Indian National Congress (INC) was the primary opposition party
with 52 seats.
Party System: The Lok Sabha reflects India's multi-party system, with numerous political
parties represented. Apart from the BJP and INC, several regional and state parties play a
significant role in shaping the country's policies and legislation.
Legislative Functions: The Lok Sabha is responsible for making and amending laws, approving
the budget, and overseeing the executive branch of the government. It plays a crucial role in
the country's decision-making process.
 Section B
Modi Government

Introduction- Before Modi's tenure, India faced several challenges, including corruption
scandals, economic stagnation, and policy paralysis. The Modi government emerged in 2014
with a promise of economic growth, good governance, and transformative reforms.
Key Policies and Achievements.
Key Areas-
Modi's government implemented flagship initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean
India), Make in India, Jan Dhan Yojana (financial inclusion), Digital India, and the successful
Mars Orbiter Mission. These programs aimed to foster cleanliness, promote manufacturing,
enhance financial inclusion, boost digital infrastructure, and showcase India's space
capabilities.
Economic Reforms: The government introduced significant economic reforms, including the
implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to simplify taxation, the "Make in India"
campaign to attract foreign investment, and measures to improve the ease of doing business,
such as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).
Social Welfare Schemes: Several social welfare programs were launched, including the Ujjwala
Yojana (LPG connections for households), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (affordable housing),
and Skill India (skill development). These initiatives aimed to improve living standards, provide
housing, and enhance employability.
Foreign Policy: Modi's foreign policy emphasized strengthening diplomatic ties with nations
globally. The "Act East Policy" sought to enhance India's presence in Southeast Asia, and
strategic partnerships with countries like the United States and Japan aimed to boost
economic and security cooperation.
Critiques-
Challenges Faced: The government faced challenges like unemployment, agrarian distress,
and concerns about secularism. High expectations for job creation were not fully met, and
agrarian issues persisted.
Controversies: Controversial policies like demonetization in 2016 generated significant
debate. Critics argue that it had adverse economic consequences. The government's handling
of the COVID-19 pandemic also faced scrutiny, with concerns about migrant laborers and
healthcare infrastructure.
Economic Performance: Economic growth under the Modi government showed fluctuations,
with a strong start followed by some slowdowns. Critics suggest that challenges like the
informal labor sector and income inequality remained unaddressed.
Social and Environmental Concerns: Communal tensions and environmental policies became
points of concern. Critics raised questions about environmental regulations, conservation
efforts, and the government's stance on issues like cow protection.
Transparency and Accountability: The government's commitment to transparency,
accountability, and anti-corruption measures, like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, came
under review. The effectiveness of these measures in curbing corruption remains a topic of
discussion.
 Section C
Framework

Economic Growth: A successful government should be assessed on its ability to foster

economic growth, generate employment, and reduce poverty. Participants should consider
GDP growth rates, employment data, and poverty reduction metrics.
Social Inclusion: Evaluating social inclusion involves analysing the government's efforts to
provide equal opportunities and welfare to marginalized communities. Welfare programs and
policies supporting education and healthcare should be examined.
Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: The government's foreign policy initiatives must be assessed
for their impact on India's global standing, diplomatic relationships, and international trade.
Trade agreements, strategic partnerships, and diplomatic achievements should be
scrutinized.
Rule of Law: The government's commitment to upholding the rule of law, judicial
independence, and adherence to constitutional principles is crucial. The independence of the
judiciary, legal reforms, and upholding the constitution should be discussed.
Accountability and Transparency: Transparency in government operations, anti-corruption
measures, and public access to information are essential. Initiatives like the Right to
Information Act and anti-corruption agencies should be examined for their effectiveness.
Environmental Sustainability: Assess the government's policies and actions regarding
environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation. Efforts to promote renewable
energy, conserve natural resources, and mitigate environmental degradation should be
considered.
Social Harmony: A government's role in maintaining social harmony, secularism, and ensuring
the rights and freedoms of all citizens is vital. Acts and policies promoting social cohesion and
protection of minority rights should be discussed.
Human Development: Participants should evaluate the government's contributions to human
development, including access to education, healthcare, women's empowerment, and other
human development indicators.
Infrastructure and Innovation: Infrastructure development and fostering innovation are
critical for a nation's progress. Assess the government's investment in infrastructure projects,
technological advancements, and support for research and development.
Public Opinion: Consider public perception and satisfaction with the government's
performance, as gauged through surveys and election results. Public opinion reflects the
effectiveness of governance and should be part of the evaluation process.