Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: [email protected]
website: www.depedzambales.ph

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

PRE-CALCULUS
QUARTER 1: WEEK 4

I. Introduction
This lesson covers the conic section called Hyperbola, you will be able to
understand how the hyperbola is being generated like the other conics, learn
how to derive the standard equation of a hyperbola, and identify whether the
hyperbola is horizontal or vertical.
In real world, Hyperbolas play a special role in basic location and
navigation schemes which is being presented in an example and some exercises
you will encounter in the following weeks.

II. Learning Competencies

Defines a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-1) and determines the standard
form of equation of a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-2).

III. Objectives
At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to
1. define hyperbola;
2. derive standard form of equation of a hyperbola;
3. convert general to standard form of equation;
4. graph hyperbola; and
5. solve situational problems involving hyperbola.

1
IV. Discussion
A hyperbola is formed when the plane cuts the double napped-cone
perpendicular to its base. The intersection produce two unbounded curve called
hyperbola as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1. Hyperbola as one of the conic section.

In geometry, hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the

differences from two fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of
the transverse axis (2a). As shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2. Hyperbola and distances of a point and the foci.

A. Standard Equation of a Hyperbola

Let us derive the standard form of equation for hyperbola. Using the point
P(x, y) and F1 (h − c, k)and F2 (h + c, k) in figure 2. Based on the definition of a
hyperbola the difference in distances of any point along its curve to the two fixed
points (foci) is constant to 2𝑎.
|PF1 − PF2 | = 2𝑎

2
Using the distance formula, we will come to this expression

|√[x − (h − c)]2 + (y − k)2 − √[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2 | = 2𝑎

Transpose and square both sides of the expression.

[x − (h − c)]2 + (y − k)2 = 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2 + [x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2
Cancel the term (y − k)2 and expand the remaining terms of the expression.
x 2 − 2x(h − c) + h2 − 2ch + c2
= 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2 + x 2 − 2x(h + c) + h2 + 2ch + c2
Cancel the following terms x 2 , h2 and c2 and expand the terms −2x(h − c) and −
2x(h + c).

−2hx + 2cx − 2ch = 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2 − 2hx − 2cx + 2ch
Cancel the term −2hx , transpose 4𝑎2 and −2cx + 2ch to the left side of the
equation.

4𝑐𝑥 − 4𝑐ℎ − 4𝑎2 = 4𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2

1
Multiply to the expression,
4

𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐ℎ − 𝑎2 = 𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2

𝑐(𝑥 − ℎ) − 𝑎2 = 𝑎√[x − (h + c)]2 + (y − k)2

Square both side of the expression and simplify.
𝑐 2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − 2𝑎2 𝑐 (𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑎4 = 𝑎2 [𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 (ℎ + 𝑐 ) + ℎ2 + 2𝑐ℎ + 𝑐 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 ]
Expand the expression except 𝑐 2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 and (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 and simplify.
𝑐 2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 𝑎2 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) + 𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 ) + 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2
Transpose 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 and 𝑎2 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) to the other side of the expression,
then factor 𝑎2 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) to its perfect square binomial.
𝑐 2 (𝑥 − ℎ )2 − 𝑎 2 (𝑥 − ℎ )2 − 𝑎 2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 ) 2 = 𝑎 2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑎 2 )
Factoring out (𝑥 − ℎ)2
(𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 )(𝑥 − ℎ)2 − 𝑎2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 )
Using b2 = c2 − a2 the relationship of distances a, b, and c.
𝑏 2 (𝑥 − ℎ )2 − 𝑎 2 (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑎 2 𝑏 2

3
 1
Multiple to the expression, the resulting expression is the standard
𝑎2 𝑏 2
equation of a hyperbola with horizontal traverse axis.
(𝐱 − 𝐡 ) 𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤 )𝟐
− =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝐛𝟐

A. Features of the graph of Hyperbola.

Hyperbola have unique features as shown in figure 3a and 3b.

(a) (b)
Figure 3. Hyperbola

(1) Center (h,k)

 Midpoint of two vertices, midpoint of Foci and point of intersection of two
asymptotes.
(2) Foci: F1 and F2
 Each focus is c units away from the center.
 For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of its
distance from the foci is 2𝑎.
(3) Vertices: V1 and V2
 Hyperbola have two vertex which are collinear with the center and foci.
 Each vertex is 𝑎 units away from the center.
 The segment V1 V2 is called traverse axis and its length is 2𝑎.

4
(4) Asymptotes:
 As shown in figure 3b, the asymptotes of the hyperbola are two lines
passing thorough the center which serve as a guide in graphing the
hyperbola: each branch of the hyperbola gets closer and closer to the
asymptotes, in the direction towards which the branch extends.
 The equations of the asymptotes can be determine by replacing 1 in the
standard equation by 0. (Illustrated in Example 3)
To help us sketch the asymptotes, we point out that the asymptotes l1 and l2 are
extended diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle drawn in Figure 3b. The rectangle
has sided 2𝑎 and 2b with its diagonals intersecting at the center C. Two sides are
congruent and parallel to the transverse axis V1 V2 . The other sides are congruent
and parallel to the conjugate axis, the segment shown which is perpendicular to
the transverse axis at the center and has length 2b.

More properties of Hyperbolas

1. Center (0, 0)

1. Center (0, 0)

𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1 𝑦2 𝑥2
𝑎2 𝑏 2 − =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
Transverse Axis: Horizontal
Transverse Axis: Vertical
(a)
(b)

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 2. Center
(ℎ, 𝑘)

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2

− =1 − =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2
Transverse Axis: Horizontal Transverse Axis: Vertical
(c) (d)

Figure 4. Graph of Hyperbolas with its Center, Standard Form of Equation

and Transverse Axis

Note the following observations:

 If the x-part is positive, the hyperbola is horizontal (figure 4a and 4c); if y-
part is positive, the hyperbola is vertical (figure 4b and 4d).
 𝑎2 is always the denominator of the positive part, and b2 for negative part.

Finding Standard Equation of a Hyperbola

Directions: Read the following problems carefully and follow the steps provided
in solving different types of conditions in finding the standard equation of
hyperbola.

Example 1.
Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are F1 (−5, 0) and F2 (5, 0),
such that for any point on it, the absolute value of the difference of its distances
from foci is 6.

6
Solution:

As shown in figure 5, the hyperbola is

horizontal, with center located at the origin that is
collinear with the foci. Therefore, the standard form
x2 y2
of equation will be 2 − 2 = 1.
𝑎 b
Substituting the following constants c = 5 and 2𝑎 =
6 , so 𝑎 = 3 and b = √c2 − 𝑎2 = √52 − 32 = 4 to the
equation.

The resulting expression is the standard equation of

x2 y2
hyperbola − =1
9 16

Figure 5

Example 2.
Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices V1 (2, −1), V2 (2, 5) with foci
F1 (2, −3) and F2 (2, 7).

Solution:
As shown in figure 6, the hyperbola is vertical, thus, the standard form of
y2 x2
equation will be 2 − 2 = 1. Based on the figure we can see that the center
𝑎 b
C(2, 2) , 𝑎 = 3 , c = 5 and b can be
computed using b2 = c 2 − 𝑎 2 → b =
√52 − 32 = 4
Substitute the values to the
y2 x2
equation − = 1 The resulting
𝑎2 b2
expression is the standard form of
equation

(y − 2)2 (x − 2)2
− =1
32 42

Figure 6

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Graph the Hyperbola
Directions. Determine the foci, vertices and asymptotes of the hyperbola in each
item. Sketch the graph, and includes these points and lines, the transverse and
conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.
x2 y2
Example 3. − =1
64 36
Solution: The hyperbola is horizontal.
𝑎2 = 64 ⇒ 𝑎 = 8,

b2 = 36 ⇒ b = 6,

c = √𝑎2 + b 2 ⇒ c = √64 + 36 ⇒ c = 10

Center: (0, 0)
(a) Foci: F1 (−10, 0), F2 (10, 0)
(b) Vertices: V1 (−8, 0), V2 (8, 0)
(c) Asymptotes: to easily determine the equations of the asymptotes, replace
1 by 0.
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y2
− =1 ⇒ − =0 ⇒ =
64 36 64 36 64 36

36 2 6 3
√ x = √y2 ⇒ y=± x ⇒ y=± x
64 8 4

(d) The conjugate axis has endpoints (0, 6) and (0, −6).

(e) Graph :

8
Example 4. 9y2 − 16x 2 − 90y + 64x = −17
Solution:
The first step is to rewrite the equation in standard form by completing the
square in x and in y.
9y2 − 16x 2 − 90y + 64x + 17 = 0 (Given the general equation of the hyperbola)
2 2
9y − 90y − 16x + 64x = −17 (Rearrange by terms)
2 2
9(y − 10y) − 16(x − 4x) = −17 (Applying common monomial factor)
2 2
9(y − 10y + 25) − 16(x − 4x + 4) = −17 + 9(25) − 16(4)
(Applying completing square and adding
+9(25) − 16(4) both side of the expression.
9(y − 5)2 − 16(x − 2)2 = 144 (Simplify & factoring into perfect square of
binomial)
1 1
∙ {9(y − 5)2 − 16(x − 2)2 = 144} (Multiplying both sides)
144 144
(y−5)2 (x−2)2
− =1 (Simplify)
16 9
(y−5)2 (x−2)2
− =1 (Standard equation of the hyperbola)
42 32
From the equation above we can determine that the hyperbola is vertical and
also identify important values needed in graphing the hyperbola.
𝑎2 = 42 ⇒ 𝑎 = 4
b2 = 32 ⇒ b = 3
c = √𝑎2 + b 2 ⇒ c = √42 + 32 ⇒ c = 5
Center: C(h, k) ⇒ C(2, 5)
(a) Foci: F1 (2, 0), F2 (2, 10)
(b) Vertices: V1 (2, 1), V2 (2, 9)
(c) Asymptotes:
4
y − 5 = − (x − 2)
3
and
4
y − 5 = (x − 2)
3
(d) The conjugate axis has endpoints (−1, 5)
and (5, 5).
(e) Graph

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Example 5.

The auxiliary rectangle of a hyperbola has vertices

(−10, −1), (−10, 5), (4, 5) and (4, −1). Find the equation of a hyperbola if its
conjugate axis is horizontal.

Figure 7

Solution:

The hyperbola is vertical. Using the auxiliary rectangles dimensions, we

can see in figure 7 that the length of the traverse axis is 2𝑎 = 6 while the length
of the conjugate axis is 2b = 14. Thus, 𝑎 = 3 and b = 7. The hyperbola’s vertices
are midpoints V1 (−3, −1), V2 (−3, 5) of the bottom and top sides of the auxiliary
rectangle. Then the hyperbola’s center is(−3, 2), which is the midpoint of the
(y−2)2 (x+3)2
vertices. The equation is − = 1.
9 49

Situational Problem Involving Hyperbola

Example 6.
An explosion was heard by two stations 800 m apart, located at F1 (−400, 0)
and F2 (400, 0). If the explosion was heard in F1 four seconds before it was heard
in F2 , identify the possible locations of the explosion. Use 340 m/s as the speed of
sound.
Solution:
Using the speed of sound given in the problem, we can conclude that the
m
sound travelled 340 s (2s) = 680 m farther in reaching F2 that reaching F1 . This is
then the difference of the distances of the explosion from two stations. Thus, the
explosion is on a hyperbola with foci are F1 and F2, on the branch closer to F1 .

10
We have c = 400 and 2𝑎 = 680, so a = 340 and b2 = c2 − 𝑎2 = 4002 − 3402 = 44400.
The explosion could therefore be anywhere on the left branch or near F1 of the
x2 y2
hyperbola − = 1.
115600 44400

V. Activities
A. Graph the Hyperbola.
Directions: Read carefully and apply what you have learned about the
properties of hyperbola using the given general equations below.
1. 4x 2 − y 2 + 2y − 5 = 0
2. 4x 2 − 5y2 + 32x + 30y = 1
3. 9x 2 + 126x − 16y2 − 96y + 153 = 0
4. 4y2 − 16(x − 5)2 = 60
5. 5y2 − 3x 2 − 20y − 18x − 22 = 0
a. Convert the following equation of a hyperbola into its standard form.
b. Locate the center and find the values of 𝑎, b, and c.
c. Determine the Foci, vertices, asymptotes.
d. Sketch the graph, and includes these points and lines, the transverse and
conjugate axes, and the auxiliary rectangle.

B. Word Problem
Directions: Solve the following word problem.
(1) An explosion was heard by two stations 1000 m apart, located at
F1 (−500, 0) and F2 (500, 0). If the explosion was heard in F1 two seconds
before it was heard in F2 , identify the possible locations of the explosion.
Use 340 m/s as the speed of sound.

11
 (2) Two stations, located at M(2,0) and N(-2, 0) (units are in km),
simultaneously send sound signals to a ship, with the signal traveling at
the speed of 0.5 km/s. If the signal from N was received by the ship four
seconds before the signal it received from M, find the equation of the curve
containing the possible.

VI. Assessment
A. Check your understanding
Directions: Read carefully and Select the letter of the correct answer.
(1) Which of the following has the largest length?
a. Distance between the vertices. c. Length of transverse axis
b. Distance between the foci. d. Length of conjugate axis.
(2) True or false? The vertices of hyperbola are collinear with the foci and
center.
a. True b. False
(3) If the vertices of the hyperbola is at 𝑉1 (2, 7) and 𝑉2 (2, −3), what is the
coordinate of the center?
a. (2, 5) b. (2, 2) c. (2, 0) d. 1, 4)
(4) What is the length of the conjugate axis of a hyperbola with equation
𝑥2 𝑦2
− = 1?
4 16
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 20
(𝑥−2) 2 𝑦 2
For 5- 10. Given: − =1
144 25
(5) What is the value of 𝑎?
a. 5 b. 12 c. 25 d. 144
(6) What is the value of 𝑏?
a. 5 b. 12 c. 25 d. 144
(7) What is the value of 𝑐?
a. 5 b. 12 c. 13 d. 169
(8) What is the coordinate of the center?
a. (−2, 0) b. (2, 0) c. (0, −2) d. (0, 2)
(9) What are the coordinate of the foci?
a. (11, 0), (15, 0) c. (−11,0), (15, 0)
b. (−10, 0), (14, 0) d. (2, −13), (2, 13)
(10) What are the equation of asymptotes?
12 5
a. 𝑦 = ± 5
(𝑥 − 2) c. 𝑦 = ± 12 (𝑥 − 2)
12 5
b. 𝑥 = ± (𝑦 − 2) d. 𝑥 = ± (𝑦 − 2)
5 12

12
 B. Converting General to Standard Form
Directions: Convert the following equation of a hyperbola into its standard
form and determine whether the hyperbola is vertical or horizontal.
(1) 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑦 2 + 30𝑥 + 30𝑦 − 125 = 0
(2) 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 − 80 = 0

C. Write the equation.

Directions: In each item, give the standard equation of the hyperbola satisfying
the given conditions.
(1) Foci (-7,-17) and (-7,17), the absolute value of difference of the distances
of any point from the foci is 24.
(2) Two corners of auxiliary rectangle at (2,3) and (16,-1), and horizontal
transverse axis.

D. Word Problem.
Directions: Solve the following word problem.
(1) An explosion was heard by two stations 1200 m apart, located at
F1 (−600, 0) and F2 (600, 0). If the explosion was heard in F1 two seconds
before it was heard in F2 , identify the possible locations of the explosion.
Use 340 m/s as the speed of sound.
(2) Two radio stations are located 150 miles apart, where station A is west of
station B. Radio signals are being transmitted simultaneously by both
stations, travelling at a rate of 1 mile/min. a plane travelling at 60 miles
above the ground level has just passed by station B and is headed towards
the other station. If the signal from B arrives at the plane 65 seconds before
the signal sent from A, determine the location of the plane.

VII. Reflection
Directions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate words, phrase or expression to
make the sentences complete and sensible.
(1) A hyperbola is formed when the plane cuts the ______ perpendicular to
its base.
(2) A hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane for which the ________
of the distances from two fixed points F1 and F2 is constant. The points
F1 and F2 are called the _______ of the hyperbola.
(3) Each focus is ______ units away from the center.
(4) Each ______ is 𝑎 units away from the center
(5) The point of intersection of asymptotes is the _____ of the hyperbola.

13
 (6) The length of transverse axis is ______.
(7) The length of conjugate axis is ______.
(8) If the x-part is positive, the hyperbola is________.
(9) If the y-part is positive, the hyperbola is________.
(10) The denominator of the positive variable is ______.

VIII. References
Deped.gov.ph. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/Pre-Calculus.pdf> [Accessed 26 August
2020].
TeacherPH. 2020. Pre-Calculus: Senior High School SHS Teaching Guide -
Teacherph. [online] Available at: <https://www.teacherph.com/pre-
calculus-senior-high-school-shs-teaching-guide/> [Accessed 26
August 2020].

IX. Key to Corrections

Activities:
A. GRAPH THE HYPERBOLA
(y−1)2
1. (a) x 2 − =1
4

(b) C(0, 1), 𝑎 = 1, b = 2 and c = √5

(c) F1 (−√5, 1), F2 (√5, 1)
V1 (−1, 1), V2 (1, 1)
Asymptotes:
y = ±2x + 1

(x+4 )2 (y−3)2
2. (a) − =1
5 4

(b) C(−4, 3), 𝑎 = √5, b = 2 and c = 3

(c) F1 (−7, 3), F2 (−1, 3)
V1 (−4 − √5, 3), V2 (−4 + √5, 3)
Asymptotes:
2√5
y=± (x + 4) + 3
5

14
 (x+7)2 (y+3)2
3. (a) − =1
16 9
(b) C(−7, −3), 𝑎 = 4, b = 3 and c = 5
(c) F1 (−12, −3), F2 (−2, −3)
V1 (−11, −3), V2 (−3, −3)
Asymptotes:
3
y = ± 4 (x + 7) − 3

y2 (x−5)2
4. (a) − =1
16 4

(b) C(5, 0), 𝑎 = 4, b = 2 and c = 2√5

(c) F1 (5, −2√5), F2 (5, 2√5)
V1 (5, −4), V2 (5, 4)
Asymptotes:
y = ±2(x − 5)

(y−2)2 (x+3)2
5. (a) − =1
3 5

(b) C(−3, 2), 𝑎 = √3, b = √5 and c = 2√2

(c) F1 (−3, 2 − 2√2), F2 (−3, 2 + 2√2)
V1 (−3, 2 − √3), V2 (−3, 2 + √3)
Asymptotes:
√15
y=2± (x + 3)
5

B. Word Problem:
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2
(1) 115600 − 134400 = 1 2. 𝑥 2 − =1
3

15
Assessment:
A. Check Your Understanding
1. B 6. A
2. A 7. C
3. B 8. B
4. B 9. C
5. B 10. C

B. Write the equation.

𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2
(1) 144 − =1
145
(𝑥−9)2 (𝑦−1)2
(2) − =1
49 4

C. Word Problem.
𝑥2 𝑦2
(1) 115600 − 244400 = 1

(2) (0.69, 60) * Units in mile.

Prepared by:

THALIA ROSE B. DALUSONG

Special Science Teacher I
Zambales National High School - SHS
Iba District

Checked and Edited:

GODOFREDO C. ANAQUE MAY P. BUNDANG

Master Teacher – I Master Teacher – I
Zambales National High School - SHS Zambales National High School - SHS
Iba District Iba District

Noted:

ALLAN CARBONELL FELITA C. PULIDO, EdD

Principal II Principal IV

16