Central Processing Unit: by Ehsan Ullah

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
BY EHSAN ULLAH
WHAT IS CPU ?
• CPU is short for Central Processing Unit. It is also known as a processor or
microprocessor.
• The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that acts as
its “control center.” The CPU, also referred to as the “central” or “main” processor, is a
complex set of electronic circuitry that runs the machine’s operating system and apps.
• CPUs are made by arranging billions of microscopic transistors onto a single computer
chip.
WHAT ITS MADE OF ?
• The silicon chip sits in a special socket
located on the main circuit board
(motherboard or mainboard) inside the
device.
• A microprocessor is a small IC or
integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of
silicon and installed on the motherboard
of computer.
CPU WORKING
• At its core, a CPU takes instructions from a program or application and performs a calculation.
• This process breaks down into four key stages: fetch, decode, execute and store.
• It first receives some type of input, typically from an input device (such as a monitor display
screen, a keyboard, a mouse, or a microphone) or from an application/system software
program (like your web browser or operating system).
THEN THE CPU IS IN CHARGE OF FOUR TASKS:
• Fetching instructions from memory, in order to know how to handle the input and know the
corresponding instructions for that particular input data it received.. The CPU and RAM
constantly work together. This is also called reading from memory.
• Decoding or translating the instructions into a form the CPU can understand, which is machine
language (binary).
• Executing and carrying out the given instructions.
• Storing the result of the execution back to memory for later retrieval if and when requested.
This is also called writing to memory.
CPU CYCLE
The process described above is

called the fetch-execute cycle,
and happens millions of times
per second.
CPU CLOCK SPEED
• The total clock speed or CPU speed of a device indicates how many CPU cycles per
second can be executed by a CPU,
• A CPU with a clock speed of 3.2 GHz executes 3.2 billion cycles per second. (Older
CPUs had speeds measured in megahertz, or millions of cycles per second.)
• A “cycle” is the basic unit that measures a CPU’s speed. During each cycle, billions of
transistors within the processor open and close. This is how the CPU executes the
calculations contained in the instructions it receives.
CPU CLOCK SPEED MEASURED IN HERTZ
• The total clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz), with each gigahertz being
equivalent to nothing less than one thousand million cycles per second. Initially, the CPU
speed was listed in hertz (Hz) and kilohertz (kHz), but tech has outgrown these units.
• 1000 Hertz = 1K Hertz = 1000 CPU cycle Per second.
REMEMBER:
• A CPU with a higher clock speed from five years ago might be outperformed by a new
CPU with a lower clock speed, as the newer architecture deals with instructions more
efficiently.
• For Example, a 3GHz processor from 2010 will deliver less work than a 2GHz processor
from 2020, due to the newer model’s more advanced underlying silicon.
WHAT IS CPU CORE ?
• Earlier you learned that a CPU can typically perform just one action
at a time.
• It executes one instruction at a time and it does this with the help
of physical cores.
• Essentially, a core is a CPU itself, a separate device inside the main
CPU chip. This means that it has the ability to do just one thing at a
time.
CPU CORE
• Originally, CPUs had a single processing core. Today’s modern CPU consists of multiple cores
that allow it to perform multiple instructions at once, effectively cramming several CPUs on a
single chip.
• Entry-level processors today have between two and four cores, while six to eight cores is
more mainstream in gaming devices and PCs.
• High-end models can have anywhere up to 32 cores, and professional hardware can go
beyond that.
DUAL CORE & QUAD CORE
• The more cores a CPU has, the greater • Dual-core CPUs, meaning there are two
the computational power and the more CPUs on the same chip and can run two
tasks that can be running and completed instructions at the same time.
simultaneously.
• NOTE: “Core” is also the name of Intel’s
• Quad-core CPUs mean there are four
processor line, which replaced the
CPUs on the same chip, hexa-core CPUs
Pentium lineup in 2006. Examples of Intel
mean there are six cores, and so on.
Core processors include the Core Duo,
Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7.
INTEL & AMD CORES
• Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 are three
different intel core processors designed
to use in PCs, laptops, workstations as
the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
• AMD does something similar with its
Ryzen CPUs: The Ryzen 9 3950X is a
3rd-generation chip, while the Ryzen 7
5700X is the fourth-generation
READ !
• What is 32 bit and 64 bit processors ?

Central Processing Unit: by Ehsan Ullah

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Central Processing Unit: by Ehsan Ullah

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Central Processing Unit: by Ehsan Ullah

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The process described above is

• What is 32 bit and 64 bit processors ?

You might also like