Course Handout Software Engineering

S.
NO TOPIC PAGE NO
1 Course Description
2 Vision and Mission of the Institute
3 Vision and Mission of the department
4 PEOs
5 POs
6 PSOs
7 Academic calendar
8 Class Timetable (for A, B, C, D Sections)
9 Individual Work load of course teachers
10 Student Nominal Rolls
11 Prerequisites
12 Course Objective
13 Course Outcomes
14 Syllabus
15 Course plan with Teaching Methodology adopted
16 Mapping delivery methodology with course outcomes
17 Students Reference Notes
18 References/ E-Links
19 Question papers of Previous Years
20 Unit Wise quiz Question Bank
21 Unit wise Short and Long Questions
22 Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels
23 Course Mapping with PO’s, PSO’s and PEO’s
24 Course Articulation Matrix with justification
25 Evaluation Scheme
26 Assessment Methodology: Direct
i)Internal Question Papers
ii) Internal Award List
iii)External Question Paper
iv) External Award List/T-Sheet
27 Assessment Methodology: Indirect
i) Course End Survey Questionnaire
ii) Feedback report
28 CO-PO-PSO Attainment Matrix
29 Graphical Statistics for Target & Attainment

30 Identification of Weak/Bright Students
i) Rubrics for identification of weak and bright students

ii)CGPA of students
iii)Mentoring report
iv) Test 1
v) Marks secured in Test 1
31 Action taken for Weak Students
i)Students List
ii)Topics discussed
iii)Time table
iv) Tests for continuous monitoring
v) Impact Analysis
32 Action taken for Bright Students
i) Students List
ii) Assignments or open-end questions for lifelong learning or
introducing advanced topics that maps to PEOs
iii)Impact Analysis
1. Course Description:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Course Title: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Course Code: D74PC7
Program: B. Tech
Year: II
Semester: II
Course Type: Regular
Regulation: R22
Course Structure:
Theory:
Lecture Tutorials Credits
3 0 3
Course Coordinator: Verified By:

1. CH.SHILPA Dr. B. SUNIL SRINIVAS HOD
2. Vision and Mission of the Institute:
Vision: The institute endeavors towards imparting quality education with ethical values and
strives to make students technically competent to reach high level of achievements an make our
nation self-reliant and globally recognized.
Mission: The institute is committed and dedicated to mould the students into quality engineers
and technologists with aplomb by providing world class scientific and technical education
through:
 Ensuring excellent branch wise infrastructure facilities, with eminent and qualified
faculty.
 Making the institute a research/resource centre to enhance scope for consultancy and
R&D.
3. Vision and Mission of the department:
Vision:
Department envisages the development of global professionals with a strong computational
background, entrepreneurial qualities and technical knowledge to meet the industry and societal
needs, sustaining ethical and moral values.
Mission:
 Evolving competitive and technical knowledge through innovative ICT based teaching-
learning process.
 Developing academic as well as industry-oriented skill sets.
 Inculcating, ethical and moral values with leadership qualities and lifelong learning
appetite.
4. Program Educational Objectives:
The Programme Educational Objectives of the programme offered by the department are listed
below:
PEO-1: The Graduates will be able to design and develop solutions for real life technical
problems using modern engineering tools.
PEO-2: Ability to analyze and interpret experimental results in frontier areas of Computer
Science and Engineering and appetite for higher learning and research in multidisciplinary areas.
PEO-3: Engage in professional development with effective communication, ethical values,

human values & teamwork and adopt current trends through lifelong learning.
5. Program Outcomes:
Upon completion of 4 year under graduate program, the student will be able to possess the
following outcomes
PO1: Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2: Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/Development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environment
considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions for complex problems.
PO5: Modern Tool Usage: create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual Teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multi-disciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective
reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
PO11: Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to ones own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi-disciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
6. Program Specific Outcomes:
PSO1: Developing software applications with key focus on privacy, cost and utility.
PSO2: Storing, processing, analysing, communicating the data for effective decision-making
while finding solutions for problems.
Academic calendar:
TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS)

(Sponsored by TKR Educational Society, Approved by AICTE, Affiliated by
JNTUH, Accredited by NBA & NAAC with 'A' Grade)
Survey No. 8/A, Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar Mandal,
Ranga Reddy Dist., Telangana, Hyderabad 500 097 (India).
Academic Calendar of B.TECH 11, IISEMESTER for the Academic Year

2023-2024
IISEM
Academic Calendar of B. TECH CSE-III Semester
For the Academic Year 2021-2022
Wee Mon Week Days No.o Events
k th Mo Tu We Th Fri S Su f.
No n e d u at n Wor
king
Days
1 Sep 20 21 22 23 24 2 26 6  20th SEP commencement of
5 instruction and first spell of
instructions.
 Mind sparks club quiz event
round 1 to held on 22ndsep to 23
sep.
2 Sep- 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 5  On 1stoct conduct first
Oct assignment
 Mind sparks club quiz event
round 2 to be held on 1 st
October 2021.
 Oct 2nd Gandhi jayanthi
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6  Mind sparks club quiz event
round 2 to be held on 8th
October 2021.
 first spell of instructions.
4 11 12 13 14 15 1 17 5  mind sparks club quiz event
6 final round 11 th October 2021.
 October 15thdussehra
5 18 19 20 21 22 2 24 6  First minor term exam 21st to
3 23rd October 2021
6 25 26 27 28 29 3 31 6  continuation of first spell from
0 25th October
7 nov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6  first spell of instructions.
8 8 9 10 11 12 1 14 6  first spell of instructions.
3
9 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 5  nov 19thmiladunnabi
0
10 22 23 24 25 26 2 28 6  First mid term examinations 22
7 nd to 24th November 2021
 Second spell of instructions
from 25thnov
11 dec 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6  Second spell of instructions
12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6  Second spell of instructions
8
14 20 21 22 23 24 2 26 6  25thdecchristmas
5
15 Dec- 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 5  1st Jan new year
Jan  Second minor examinations
27thto 29th December 2021
 30thdec continuation of second
spell of instruction.
16 Jan 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6  Second spell of instructions
5
2
19 24 25 26 27 28 2 30 5  Jan 26th republic day
9
20 Jan- 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 6  Second midterm 1st to 3rd
Feb February 2022
 Last day of instruction 3rd
February 2022
 4th to 10 th February 2022
preparation & practical
examinations
21 Feb 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 6  4th to 10 th February 2022
2 preparation & practical
examinations
 11th to 25th February 2022
Semester end examinations
22 14 15 16 17 18 1 20 6  11th to 25th February 2022
9 Semester end examinations
23 21 22 23 24 25 5  11th to 25th February 2022
Semester end examinations
7. Class Timetable ( for A,B,C Sections)
TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CSE(AI&ML)
B.TECH TIMETABLE AY 2023-24
(A SECTION)
B.Tech CSE(AI&ML) - IV Semester W.E.F.: 29.02.2024
CLASS TEACHER : Mrs.K.Sravanthi Room No : N 412
Period/ 11.40- 12.40- 2.20-
9.40-10.40 10.40-11.40 1.20-2.20 3.20-4.20
Day 12.40 1.20 3.20
LUNCH
LIBRAR
MON WT DAA OOPS SE ES
Y
TUE AECS LAB DAA DBMS ES
WED DBMS SE WT DBMS LAB
MENTO
THU SE DBMS
OOPS WT DAA RING
FRI DAA OOPS DBMS OOPS LAB
SAT SE WT OOPS WT LAB
Classifi Abbrev Sub Mobile

Subject Name
cation iation Code Faculty Name Number
Object Oriented D74P 99483242
PC Mrs.K.Sravanthi
Programming through Java OOPS C4 14
Design and Analysis of D74P 90630920
PC
Algorithms DAA C5 Mrs.M. Swetha 83
Database Management D74P 63035521
PC
Systems DBMS C6 Mrs.V.Pravalika 29
D74P 93478092
PC Software Engineering
SE C7 Mrs.CH.Shilpa 44
D74P 91215966
PC Web Technologies
WT C8 Mrs.G.Shirisha 44
MC00 80741328
MC Environmental Science*
ES 1 Mrs.C.Saileela 23
LABS
Advanced English AECS D4HS 83408959
HS Dr.Sudha Menon
Communication Skills Lab LAB E3 93
Mrs.V.Pravalika/
Database Management DBMS D74P Mrs.G.Srivani/ 63035521
PC
Systems Lab LAB C9 Mr.Venugopal 29
Reddy
Object Oriented Mrs.K.Sravanthi/
OOPS D74P 99483242
PC Programming through Java Mrs.M. Swetha/
LAB C10 14
Lab Mrs.G.Srivani
Mrs.G.Shirisha//
WT D74P 91215966
PC Web Technologies lab Mrs.P.Rajini/
LAB C11 44
Mrs.CH.Shilpa
S.No Mentees Roll No's Mentors Name Phone No

22K91A6601 TO 91215966
1 Mrs.G.Shirisha
22K91A6621,23K95A6601,602 44
22K91A6622 TO 95412365
2
22K91A6642,23K95A6603,604 Mr.N.Kiran Kumar 49
3 22K91A6643 TO 22K91A6665 Mrs.K.Ishwarya 91339705
Devi 34
PRINCIP
HOD CSE (AI & IML) AL

(B SECTION)
CLASS TEACHER : Mrs.CH.Shilpa Room No : N 413
Period/ 11.40- 12.40
9.40-10.40 10.40-11.40 1.20-2.20 2.20-3.20 3.20-4.20
Day 12.40 -1.20
LUNCH
LIBRAR
MON DBMS OOPS SE
DAA WT Y
TUE SE DBMS DAA OOPS LAB
WED WT DBMS DAA SE OOPS ES
MENTO
THU OOPS ES
WT LAB RING
FRI AECS LAB OOPS WT DBMS
SAT DAA WT SE DBMS LAB
Classifi Abbre Sub Mobile

Subject Name
cation viation Code Faculty Name Number
Object Oriented
Mr.N.ShivaKrishna (Co-
PC Programming through D74P 9493403
ordinator)
Java OOPS C4 062
Design and Analysis of D74P 9063092
PC
Algorithms DAA C5 Mrs.M. Swetha 083
Database Management D74P Mrs D.Umamaheswari (Co- 7794808
PC
Systems DBMS C6 ordinator) 839
D74P 9347809
SE C7 Mrs.CH.Shilpa 244
D74P 8639915
PC Web Technologies
WT C8 Mrs.P.Rajini 490
MC0 8074132
ES 01 Mrs.C.Saileela 823
LABS
Advanced English
AECS D4H 8341289
HS Communication Skills Mr.D.Vinod Kumar
LAB SE3 062
Lab
Mrs.D.Umamaheswari/
Database Management DBMS D74P 7794808
PC Mr.N.Kiran Kumar/
Systems Lab LAB C9 839
Mr.K.Vengopal Reddy
Object Oriented
OOPS D74P Mr.N.ShivaKrishna/ 9493403
PC Programming through
LAB C10 Mrs.P.Rajini/Mrs.K.Sravanthi 062
Java Lab
WT D74P Mrs.P.Rajini/Mrs.K.Ishwarya 8639915
PC Web Technologies lab
LAB C11 Devi/ Mr.N.Kiran Kumar 490
Phone
S.No Mentees Roll No's Mentors Name
No
22k91A6666 TO 9347809
1
22K91A6687,23K95A6605,606 Mrs.CH.Shilpa 244
22K91A6688 TO 9063092
2
22K91A66A8,23K95A6607,608,609 Mrs.M.Swetha 083
6303097
3 22K91A66A9 TO 22K91A66D0 Mrs.K.Teja Reddy
287

(C SECTION)
CLASS TEACHER : Mrs.K.Ishwarya Devi Room No : N 414
Period/ 11.40- 12.40-
9.40-10.40 10.40-11.40 1.20-2.20 2.20-3.20 3.20-4.20
Day 12.40 1.20
LUNCH
MON DAA SE WT DBMS LAB

LIBRAR
TUE OOPS DBMS DAA SE WT
Y
WED OOPS LAB DBMS WT OOPS
THU DBMS SE OOPS WT DAA ES
MENTO
FRI WT LAB DBMS OOPS
RING
SAT SE ES DAA AECS LAB
Classifi Abbrevi Sub Mobile

Subject Name
cation ation Code Faculty Name Number
Object Oriented D74P 94934030
PC Mr.N.ShivaKrishna
Programming through Java OOPS C4 62
Design and Analysis of D74P Mr.N.Kiran Kumar 83411076
PC
Algorithms DAA C5 (Co-ordinator) 75
Database Management D74P 79974747
PC
Systems DBMS C6 Mrs.P.Geethanjali 24
D74P Mrs.G.Srivani (Co- 93986302
SE C7 ordinator) 33
D74P Mrs.K.Ishwarya Devi 91339705
PC Web Technologies
WT C8 (Co-ordinator) 34
MC00 Mrs.C.Saileela (Co- 80741328
ES 1 ordinator) 23
LABS
Advanced English AECS D4HS 83412890
HS Mr.D.Vinod Kumar
Communication Skills Lab LAB E3 62
Mrs.P.Geethanjali/Mrs
Database Management DBMS D74P 79974747
PC D.Umamaheswari/
Systems Lab LAB C9 24
Mr.K.Vengopal Reddy
Object Oriented Mrs.K.Sravanthi/
OOPS D74P 94934030
PC Programming through Java Mr.N.Kiran Kumar/
LAB C10 62
Lab Mrs.P.Geethanjali
WT D74P Mrs.K.Ishwarya Devi/ 91339705

PC Web Technologies lab Mrs.G.Shirisha/Mrs.P. 34
LAB C11
Geethanjali
S.No Mentees Roll No's Mentors Name Phone No
22K91A66D1 TO 99483241
1 Mrs.K.Sravanthi
22K91A66F1,23K95A610,11,12 41
22K91A66F2 TO 79974747
2
22K91A66H0,23K95A613,14,15,16 Mrs.P.Geethanjali 24
22k91A66H1 TO 94934030
3 Mr.N.ShivaKrishna
22K91A66K0,23K95A617,18,19 62
PR
HOD CSE (AI & IML) INCIPAL
8. Individual Work load of course teachers
Mrs.CH.Shilpa
9.40- 12.40- 2.20-
Period/Day 10.40-11.40 11.40-12.40 1.20-2.20 3.20-4.20
10.40 1.20 3.20
MON SE-B SE-A
TUE SE-B
WED SE-A SE-B
LUNCH
THU SE-A
FRI
SAT SE-A SE-B WT LAB-A
Mrs.G.Srivani
9.40-
Period/Day 10.40-11.40 11.40-12.40 12.40-1.20 1.20-2.20 2.20-3.20 3.20-4.20
10.40
MON SE-C
TUE SE-C
WED DBMS LAB-A
LUNCH
THU SE-C
FRI OOPS LAB-A
SAT SE-C
9. Student Nominal Rolls:

10.Prerequisites:
Software engineering skills, such as programming languages, software development tools, software
design, testing, and debugging.
10. Course Objective:

1.The aim of the course is to provide an understanding of the working knowledge of the
techniques for estimation, design, testing and quality management of large software development
projects.
2.Topics include process models, software requirements, software design, software testing,
3. Software process/product metrics, risk management, quality management and UML diagrams
11. Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of the Course, the student will be able to
1. Ability to translate end-user requirements into system and software requirements, using e.g.
UML, and structure the requirements in a Software Requirements Document (SRD).
2. Identify and apply appropriate software architectures and patterns to carry out high level design
of a system and be able to critically compare alternative choices.
3. Will have experience and/or awareness of testing problems and will be able to develop a simple
testing report
12. Syllabus:
UNIT I
Introduction to Software Engineering:
The evolving role of software, changing nature of software, software myths. A Generic view of
process: Software engineering- a layered technology, a process frame work, the capability
maturity model integration (CMMI). Process models: The waterfall model, Incremental process
models, Spiral model, prototyping and unified process. Agile view of process: Agile process, agile
process models.
UNIT II
Software Requirements: Functional and non-functional requirements, user requirements, system
requirements, interface specification, the software requirements document. Requirements
engineering process: Feasibility studies, requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements
validation, requirements management.
UNIT III
Design Engineering: Design process and design quality, design concepts, the design model.
Creating an architectural design: software architecture, data design, architectural styles and
patterns, architectural design. Conceptual model of UML: SDLC, Basic structural modeling- class
diagrams, Interaction diagrams- sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, use case diagrams,
activity diagrams component diagrams, deployment diagrams.
UNIT IV
Testing Strategies: A strategic approach to software testing, test strategies for conventional
software, black-box and white-box testing, validation testing, system testing, the art of debugging.
Metrics for Process and Products: Software measurement, metrics for software quality.
UNIT- V Risk management: Reactive Vs proactive risk strategies, software risks, risk
identification, risk projection, risk refinement, RMMM. Quality Management: Quality concepts,
software quality assurance, software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical software quality
assurance, software reliability, the ISO 9000 quality standards.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Software Engineering, A practitioner’s Approach- Roger S. Pressman, 6th edition, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
2. Software Engineering- Sommerville, 7th edition, Pearson Education.
3. The unified modeling language user guide Grady Booch, James Rambaugh, Ivar Jacobson,
Pearson Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Software Engineering, an Engineering approach- James F. Peters, WitoldPedrycz, John Wiley.
2. Software Engineering principles and practice- Waman S Jawadekar, The McGraw-Hill
Companies.
3. Fundamentals of object-oriented design using UML Meiler page-Jones: Pearson Education
13. Course plan with Teaching Methodology adopted:
Section A:
S.NO EXPECTED ACTUAL

. DATE DATE Topic(s) to be covered
UNIT - I
1 Introduction to Software Engineering
2 29/2/2024 The evolving role of software, changing nature of software
3 2/3/2024 software myths.
4 4/3/2024 Software engineering- a layered technology
5 7/3/2024 a process frame work
6 11/3/2024 the capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
7 12/3/2024 Process models: The waterfall model,
8 14/3/2024 Incremental process models, Spiral model,
9 16/3/2024 proto typing and unified process.
10 18/3/2024 Agile process,
11 19/3/2024 agile process models
12 21/3/2024 Revision on Unit-I
Total number of Lecture hours for Unit -I
UNIT - II
13 23/3/2024 Software Requirements: Functional and non-functional requirem
14 26/3/2024 user requirements, system requirements, interface specification
15 28/3/2024 the software requirements document
16 30/3/2024 Requirements engineering process: Feasibility studies,
17 1/4/2024 requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation
18 2/4/2024 requirements management.
19 4/4/2024 SEMINARS
20 6/4/2024 TEST
Total number of Lecture hours for Unit -II
UNIT - III
21 8/4/2024 Design Engineering: Design process and design quality
22 15/4/2024 design concepts
23 16/4/2024 the design model
24 18/4/2024 Creating an architectural design: software architecture
25 20/4/2024 architectural styles and patterns
26 22/4/2024 architectural design,data design
27 23/4/2024 Revision for UNIT-I,II,III
28 29/4/2024 Conceptual model of UML: SDLC
29 30/4/2024 Basic structural modeling- class diagrams
30 2/5/2024 Interaction diagrams,sequence diagrams,
31 4/5/2024 collaboration diagrams, use case diagrams,
32 6/5/2024 activity diagrams component diagrams
33 7/5/2024 deployment diagrams.
Total number of Lecture hours for Unit -III
UNIT - IV
34 9/5/2024 Testing Strategies: A strategic approach to software testing
35 13/5/2024 test strategies for conventional software
36 14/5/2024 black-box testing
37 16/5/2024 white-box testing
38 18/5/2024 validation testing
39 3/6/2024 system testing
40 4/6/2024 the art of debugging
41 6/6/2024 Metrics for Process and Products: Software measurement
42 10/6/2024 metrics for software quality
43 11/6/2024 Revision Unit-IV
Total number of Lecture hours for Unit -IV
UNIT -V
44 13/6/2024 Risk management: Reactive Vs proactive risk strategies
45 15/6/2024 software risks, risk identification
46 18/6/2024 risk projection, risk refinement
47 20/6/2024 RMMM.
48 22/6/2024 Quality Management: Quality concepts
49 24/6/2024 software quality assurance
50 25/6/2024 Software reviews, formal technical reviews,
51 27/6/2024 Statistical software quality assurance
52 29/6/2024 software reliability,
53 1/7/2024 the ISO 9000 quality standards.
55 4/7/2024 Revision
Total number of Lecture hours for Unit -V
Total No. of Classes
Section B:
S.NO EXPECTED ACTUAL
. DATE DATE Topic(s) to be covered
UNIT - I
1 Introduction to Software Engineering
2 1/3/2024 The evolving role of software, changing nature of software
3 2/3/2024 software myths.
4 4/3/2024 Software engineering- a layered technology
5 7/3/2024 a process frame work
6 11/3/2024 the capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
UNIT - II
13 24/3/2024 Software Requirements: Functional and non-functional requirem
16 30/3/2024 Requirements engineering process: Feasibility studies,
17 1/4/2024 requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation
18 3/4/2024 requirements management.
20 6/4/2024 TEST
UNIT - III
30 4/5/2024 Interaction diagrams,sequence diagrams,
31 5/5/2024 collaboration diagrams, use case diagrams,
32 6/5/2024 activity diagrams component diagrams
33 7/5/2024 deployment diagrams.
UNIT - IV
34 10/5/2024 Testing Strategies: A strategic approach to software testing
39 3/6/2024 system testing
40 4/6/2024 the art of debugging
41 5/6/2024 Metrics for Process and Products: Software measurement
42 10/6/2024 metrics for software quality
43 11/6/2024 Revision Unit-IV
UNIT -V
47 20/6/2024 RMMM.
53 1/7/2024 the ISO 9000 quality standards.
55 4/7/2024 Revision
Section C:
1 29/2/2024 Introduction to Software Engineering

2 03-02-2024 The evolving role of software, changing nature of software
3 03-04-2024 software myths.
4 03-07-2024 Software engineering- a layered technology
5 03-11-2024 a process frame work
6 03-12-2024 the capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
UNIT - II
13 26//3/24 Software Requirements: Functional and non-functional requirem
16 04-01-2024 Requirements engineering process: Feasibility studies,
17 04-02-2024 requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation
18 04-04-2024 requirements management.
19 04-06-2024 SEMINARS
20 04-08-2024 TEST
UNIT - III
30 05-02-2024 Interaction diagrams,sequence diagrams,
31 05-04-2024 collaboration diagrams, use case diagrams,
32 05-06-2024 activity diagrams component diagrams
33 05-07-2024 deployment diagrams.
UNIT - IV
34 05-09-2024 Testing Strategies: A strategic approach to software testing
39 06-03-2024 system testing
40 06-04-2024 the art of debugging
41 06-06-2024 Metrics for Process and Products: Software measurement
42 06-10-2024 metrics for software quality
43 06-11-2024 Revision Unit-IV
UNIT -V
47 20/6/2024 RMMM.
53 07-01-2024 the ISO 9000 quality standards.
54 07-02-2024 SEMINARS
55 07-04-2024 Revision
14. Mapping delivery methodology with course outcomes:
Course Delivery Methods Course Outcomes

1 2 3 4 5
Class room lecture √ √ √ √ √
Presentations √ √ √ √ √
Laboratory sessions √
Assignments √
E-Learning resources √ √ √ √ √
Text Book Assignment √ √ √ √ √
Model Paper √ √ √ √ √
15. Students Reference Notes:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1SkR63Gxa4P3lHEzs2dk3vb9swP4L8Ol_?usp=sharing
16. References/ E-Links:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1SkR63Gxa4P3lHEzs2dk3vb9swP4L8Ol_?usp=sharing
17. Question papers of Previous Years:

http://192.168.14.150:1352/Exams/
Unit Wise quiz Question Bank:
UNIT-1
1. Software is defined as ___________

a) set of programs, documentation & configuration of data
b) set of programs
c) documentation and configuration of data
d) None of the mentioned
2. What is Software Engineering?

a) Designing a software
b) Testing a software
c) Application of engineering principles to the design a software
d) None of the above
3. Who is the father of Software Engineering?

a) Margaret Hamilton
b) Watts S. Humphrey
c) Alan Turing
d) Boris Beizer
4.What is the primary goal of software engineering?

A) Developing software quickly
B) Minimizing software cost
C) Ensuring software reliability and quality
D) Maximizing software complexity
Answer: C) Ensuring software reliability and quality
5.Which software development methodology emphasizes iterative and incremental development?

A) Waterfall model
B) Agile methodology
C) Spiral model
D) RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Answer: B) Agile methodology
6.Which of the following is not a software development lifecycle model?

A) Waterfall model
C) UML (Unified Modeling Language)
D) Spiral model
Answer: C) UML (Unified Modeling Language)
7.What is the purpose of requirements engineering in software development?

A) To design the user interface
B) To develop the software code
C) To gather and analyze user needs
D) To test the software
Answer: C) To gather and analyze user needs
8.Which of the following is not a software testing technique?

A) Black-box testing
B) White-box testing
C) Code review
D) Unit testing
Answer: C) Code review
9.Which software development model requires thorough planning before any development
begins?
A) Waterfall model
C) Incremental model
D) RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Answer: A) Waterfall model
10.What does the term "version control" refer to in software development?

A) Controlling access to software versions
B) Managing different versions of software artifacts
C) Controlling the distribution of software versions
D) Verifying the correctness of software versions
Answer: B) Managing different versions of software artifacts
UNIT-II
1. What are the types of requirements ?

a) Availability
b) Reliability
c) Usability
d) All of the mentioned
2. Select the developer-specific requirement ?
a) Portability
b) Maintainability
c) Availability
d) Both Portability and Maintainability
3.What is the purpose of requirements validation?
A) To ensure that the requirements are clear and unambiguous
B) To verify that the requirements meet the needs of stakeholders
C)To design the user interface of the software
D)To document the requirements in a formal specification
4.Which of the following is a technique for requirements validation?
A)Inspections
B)Prototyping
C)Pair programming
D)Code refactoring
5.Which of the following is NOT a common requirement format?
A) Use case
B)Functional requirement
C)Non-functional requirement
D)Coding standard
6.What is the purpose of a use case diagram in requirements engineering?
A)To specify the internal structure of the software components
B)To capture the interaction between users and the system
C)To design the software architecture
D)To validate the requirements against the software design
7.Which of the following is a technique for requirements prioritization?
A) Mo Scow method
B)Bubble sort
C)Fibonacci sequence
D) Binary search
UNIT-III
1.Which of the following is NOT a primary consideration in design engineering?
a) Functionality
b) Aesthetics
c) Cost-effectiveness
d) Manufacturing process
2.What does CAD stand for in design engineering?

a) Computer-Aided Design
b) Conceptual Architectural Drawing
c) Computer-Assisted Drafting
d) Centralized Architectural Design
3.Which material is commonly used for rapid prototyping in design engineering?

a) Steel
b) Aluminum
c) Plastic
d) Glass
4.Which stage of the design process involves creating physical or digital models to test the
design's feasibility?
a) Conceptualization
b) Analysis
c) Prototyping
d) Production
5.In design engineering, what does DFMEA stand for?

a) Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
b) Design Functionality Measurement and Evaluation Assessment
c) Drafting Features Management and Evaluation Algorithm
d) Design Framework for Manufacturing Excellence Assessment
6.Which software is commonly used for finite element analysis (FEA) in design engineering?
a) MATLAB
b) AutoCAD
c) SolidWorks
d) ANSYS
7.What does DFM stand for in design engineering?
a) Design for Manufacturability
b) Detailed Functional Modeling
c) Direct Fabrication Method
d) Digital Feedback Mechanism
8.Which design approach focuses on reducing the environmental impact of products?

a) Sustainable design
b) Biomorphic design
c) Ergonomic design
d) Modular design
9.What is the purpose of tolerance analysis in design engineering?

a) To determine the optimal manufacturing process
b) To ensure the design meets safety standards
c) To analyze the effect of variations in dimensions on functionality
d) To calculate the cost of production
UNIT-IV
1.What is the purpose of software testing?

a) To eliminate all bugs from the software
b) To ensure the software meets the specified requirements and quality standards
c) To increase the development time
d) To reduce the cost of development
2.Which of the following is NOT a fundamental testing principle?

a) Exhaustive testing is possible.
b) Testing shows the presence of defects.
c) Early testing.
d) Defect clustering.
3.Which testing technique is used to test individual software units or components?

a) Integration testing
b) System testing
c) Unit testing
d) Acceptance testing
4.What is black box testing?

a) Testing based on knowledge of the internal logic of the application's code
b) Testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the application
c) Testing performed by external users
d) Testing only the graphical user interface of the software
5.Which testing technique is also known as "glass box" or "clear box" testing?
a) Black box testing
b) System testing
c) White box testing
d) Regression testing
6.Which testing technique focuses on ensuring that changes in one part of the software do not
adversely affect other parts?
a) Integration testing
b) System testing
c) Regression testing
7.What is the purpose of regression testing?

a) To ensure the software meets the specified requirements
b) To test individual software units or components
c) To ensure that changes in one part of the software do not adversely affect other parts
d) To ensure that defects have been fixed and do not reoccur
8.Which type of testing is typically performed by end-users to ensure that the software meets their
business requirements?
a) Unit testing
b) Integration testing
c) System testing
UNIT-V
1. Risk management is one of the most important jobs for a

a) Client
b) Investor
c) Production team
d) Project manager
2. Which of the following risk is the failure of a purchased component to perform as expected?
a) Product risk
b) Project risk
c) Business risk
d) Programming risk
3.Which of the following term is best defined by the statement: “There will be a change of
organizational management with different priorities.”?
a) Staff turnover
b) Technology change
c) Management change
d) Product competition
4.What is the purpose of a risk register in risk management?

a)To list project team members
b)To track project budget
c)To record and monitor identified risks
d)To define project scope
5.Which of the following is not a component of risk management?
A)Risk identification
B)Risk analysis
C)Risk celebration
D)Risk mitigation
6.Which of the following is not a component of risk management?
A)Risk identification
B)Risk analysis
C)Risk celebration
D)Risk mitigation
7.What is the purpose of risk identification?
A)To celebrate project achievements

B)To analyze project schedule
C)To identify potential risks that may affect the project
D)To define project goals
8.What does the acronym "SWOT" stand for in the context of risk analysis?
a)Software Workflow and Optimization Techniques
b)Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
c)Software Workbench for Optimization and Testing
d)Systematic Workflow and Organizational Techniques
9. How does a risk management plan contribute to project success?
a)By eliminating all project risks

b)By mitigating all identified risks
c)By providing a structured approach to identify, assess, and manage risks
d)By avoiding risks entirely
19.Unit wise Short and Long Questions:
UNIT-1
Part-A
1. What is software engineering activity?
2. Compare waterfall model and spiral model.
3. What is software development life cycle?
4. What are the advantages of waterfall model?
5. What are the five framework activities?
6. Define CMMI.
7. Define legacy software.
8. What is incremental model?
Part-B
1. Define software engineering. What are the challenges of software engineering? 2. a. Explain
spiral model with metrics and demerits.
b. Discuss different software myths and their consequences.
3. Explain about specialized process models
4. Explain the following process models a. The incremental model. b. The RAD model.
5. Explain CMMI with a neat diagram.
6. a. Explain about the waterfall model with neat diagram. b. Explain integrity constraints over
relations
UNIT II
Part-A
1.Explain the kinds of system requirements.
2. Explain context model.
3. What is meant by requirement management?
4. What are functional requirements for software?
5. Define functional requirements.
6. Define software requirements documentation.
7. What is meant system requirements? 8. What are non-functional requirements?
Part-B
1. Which model in system modeling depicts the static nature of the system? Explain in detail.
2. What are the characteristics of software requirement documentation (SRD)?
3. Explain about requirements validation.
4. Describe five desirable characteristics of a good software requirement specification document.
5. Differentiate between functional and non-functional requirements.
6. Explain adaptive software development with neat diagram. B. List and explain the object model in brief.
7. Which model in system modeling depicts the static nature of the system? Explain in detail.
8. What are the characteristics of software requirement documentation.
9. Show how we represent a. Data models. b. Explain behavioral models and object models.
10. What are the characteristic of software requirement documentation (SRD).
UNIT-III
Part-A
1. What is design?
2. What is interface design?
3. Define software architecture.
4. What is data design?
5. List the principles of software design. 6. Write about interface design evaluation.
Part-B
1.Write about design quality.
2. Describe mapping data flow into software architecture.
3. a. How do you assess the quality of a software design?
b. Explain clearly architectural styles and patterns.
4. Explain the process of mapping data flow into software architecture.
5. What is coupling? How it differs from cohesion. Describe the types of coupling.
UNIT-IV
Part-A
1. What is testing?
2. Elaborate on metrics of software quality.
3. Compare between alpha testing and beta testing.
4. What are the metrics used for software maintenance.
5. Define alpha testing.
6. Define software process metrics.
7. Define system testing. 8.
8. What is meant by software reliability?
Part-B
1.Discuss black box testing in a detailed view.
2.Demonstrate art of debugging. Demonstrate metrics for analysis model.
3. a. What is the need of software testing? What are its main objectives and principles?
b. Explain testing strategies for conventional software.
4. Explain the usage of metrics for design model, metrics for source code, metrics for
testing, metrics for maintenance of process and products.
5. Evaluate the art of debugging as a strategic approach to software testing of
conventional software.
6. Explain in detail about metrics for process and products.
7. What is black box testing? What is boundary value analysis? Explain the technique
specifying rules and its usage with the help of an example.
8. What is meant by software quality? Explain the metrics for design model.
UNIT-V
Part-A
1. What is javascript? Write the advantages of javascript.
2. Write the limitation of javascript.
3. Discuss with an example about internal and external java scripts.
4. How do you convert numbers to strings in javascript.
5. What is the function of the === operators
6. Write any 3 properties of the window object
7. Write a javascript program to display the time and date on popup window
8. Write a javascript program to close the window
9. What are the limitations of ajax technology
10. What is the XMLHttpRequest Object in AJAX.
Part-B
1. Discuss about Advantages and limitations of Javascript.
2. Explain internal and external javascript with an example.
3. Explain about javascript variables scope with an example
4. Write a JavaScript program for arithmetic operations.
5. Explain about Function definition, Function calling,
6. Function parameters, the return statement with a suitable example.
7. Define what is DOM and explain javascript HTML Object Hierarchy.
8. Explain Form validation types with a suitable example.
9. What are the properties of the XMLHttpRequest Object?
10. What are the different values of ready State in AJAX?
11. Write a javascript to design a simple calculator to perform the all
12. basic arithmetic operations
13. Explain about Asynchronous and Synchronous request in AJAX with neat diagram
22. Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels:
Definition I. II. III. IV. Analyzing V. VI.

s Rememberin Understandin Applying Evaluating Creating
g g
Bloom’s Exhibit Demonstrate Solve Examine and Present Compile
Definition memory of understandi problems break and defend informatio
previously ng of facts to new information opinions n together
learned and ideas by situations into parts by by making in a
material by organizing, by identifying judgments different
recalling comparing, applying motives or about way by
facts, terms, translating, acquired causes. Make informatio combining
basic interpreting, knowledg inferences n, validity elements
concepts, and giving e, facts, and find of ideas, or in a new
answers. descriptions, technique evidence to quality of pattern or
and stating s and support work proposing
main ideas. rules in a generalization based on a alternative
different s. set of solutions.
way. criteria.
Verbs • Choose • Classify • Apply • Analyze • Agree • Adapt
• Define • Compare • Build • Assume • Appraise • Build
• Find • Contrast • Choose • Categorize • Assess • Change
• How • Demonstrate • Construct • Classify • Award • Choose
• Label • Explain • Develop • Compare • Choose • Combine
• List • Extend • • Conclusion • Compare • Compile
Experiment
with
• Match • Illustrate • Identify • Contrast • Conclude • Compose
• Name • Infer • Interview • Discover • Criteria • Construct
• Omit • Interpret • Make use• Dissect • Criticize • Create
of
• Recall • Outline • Model • Distinguish • Decide • Delete
• Relate • Relate • Organize • Divide • Deduct • Design
• Select • Rephrase • Plan • Examine • Defend • Develop
• Show • Show • Select • Function • • Discuss
Determine
• Spell • Summarize • Solve • Inference • Disprove • Elaborate
• Tell • Translate • Utilize • Inspect • Estimate • Estimate
• What • List • Evaluate •
Formulate
• When • Motive • Explain • Happen
• Where • • • Imagine
Relationships Importance
• Which • Simplify • Influence • Improve
• Who • Survey • Interpret • Invent
• Why • Take part in • Judge • Make up
• Test for • Justify • Maximize
• Theme • Mark • Minimize
• Measure • Modify
• Opinion • Original
• Perceive • Originate
• Prioritize • Plan
• Prove • Predict
• Rate • Propose
• • Solution
Recommen
d
• Rule on • Solve
• Select • Suppose
• Support • Test
• Value • Theory
23. Course Mapping with PO’s, PSO’s and PEO’s:

COURSE NAME PEO’s PO’s &PSO’s Teaching Aids
B53PC4-Object PEO-1,2 PO-1,3,5 BB
Oriented
Programming
24. Course Articulation Matrix with justification:
Course Outcomes Program Outcomes PSOs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
B53PC4-Design and create classes
and objects that represent entities and
3. 3.
concepts in a given problem domain
0 0
using OOP principles such as
0 0
encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism. -L6
B53PC4- Distinguish the use of
superclasses and subclasses for 3. 3.
modeling hierarchical structures and 0 0
are able to read from and write to files 0 0
using Java's I/O capabilities. -L4
B53PC4- List the importance of 3. 3.
handling exceptions and able to 0 0
improve the program robustness using 0 0
java’s Multithreading. -L4
B53PC4- Compare different Java's 3. 3.
Collection Framework such as lists, 0 0
Queue, sets, and maps. -L5 0 0
B53PC4- Develop basic Graphical 3. 3. 3. 1.
User Interfaces (GUIs) using Java's 0 0 0 0
AWT and Event Handling. -L6 0 0 0 0
25. Evaluation Scheme:

Name of the Type of the Examination Marks
Exam
Assignment Assignment-1 5
Mid Term-1 Objective 10
Subjective 20
Mid Term-1 Total 30
Assignment Assignment-2 5
Mid Term-2 Objective 10
Subjective 20
Mid Term-2 Total 30
Average of Assignment-1 and Assignment-2 5
Average of Midterm-1 and Midterm-2 30
Viva voice presentation 5
Average of Assignment + Average of Midterm+Presentation 05+30+05=40

End Part-A 10
Examination 10 Questions each Question Carries 2 Marks
Part-B 50
From Each Unit 2 Questions, attempt any one like 5
Questions has to answer, each Question carries 10 Marks
End Examination Total Marks 10+50=60
Total Marks 40+60=100
26. Assessment Methodology (Direct):

i) Internal Question Papers
Minor 1 Question paper
ii) Internal Award List

iii) External Question Paper
iv) External Award List/T-Sheet

27. Assessment Methodology (Indirect):
i. Course End Survey Questionnaire:
ii. Feedback Report:
28. CO-PO-PSO Attainment Matrix:

Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1 PO1 PO12 PSO-1 PS
utcome 5 0 1 -
s
CO1 3 2 2
CO2 3 3
CO3 3 3
CO4 3 2
CO5 3 2
Weightag 100.00 66.67 100.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 75
e 0 0
3- 3.00 2.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00
Scaling 2.25
*to be rated with 1- slightly, 2 – moderately, 3- substantial
Delivery Methodology
Course Delivery Methods / Modes:
1. Class room lectures: 53
2. Presentations:
3. Laboratory sessions:
4. Demos:
5. Assignments:1
6. Case studies:
7. Seminars:
8. Projects:
9. E-Learning Resources:
5
Software Engineering (R22) A.Y.-2023-2024
29. Graphical Statistics for Target & Attainment:

30. Identification of Weak and Bright students
The identification of weak and bright students is based on student’s assessment conducted after
teaching 50% of first unit and CGPA they secured till this semester. Students are also assessed
continuously through lectures , lab classes, assignments and mid examination results.
i) Rubrics for identification of weak and bright students:
CGPA < 7 && Marks secured in Weak student
the Test on 50% of UNIT -1 < 14
&& Mentor’s opinion
CGPA > 7 && Marks secured in Bright student
the Test on 50% of UNIT -1>14
&& Mentor’s opinion
ii) CGPA of students:

CGP
S No Roll No Student Name
A
1
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
280
iii)Mentoring report:
Feedback of the students who need specific care is collected from the student’s mentors and
identified the following list of students as slow learners.
SNo Roll No Remarks
iv) Test
prepare 1m questions from the first 50%syllabus of unit 1.
Date: Test 1 for identification of weak/bright students
SNo Each question carries 1M Total marks: 10 * 1 = 10M

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
v) Marks of test 1 :
S TEST-1
Roll No Student Name
No Marks
1
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
28
0
31. Actions taken in assisting weak students:

 Remedial classes are conducted to revise the important topics.
 counselling is given to the students by senior faculty and HoD.
 Tests are conducted at the end of each unit for continuous monitoring of the student.
 Specific care is given before the commencement of semester end examination.
 Student’s performance is intimated to parents to take specific care.
i) Students list
1
2
3
.
.
.
ii) Topics discussed:
iii) Time Table:

iv)Tests for continuous monitoring
Date: Test 2 for continuous monitoring

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
v) Impact Analysis of Weak Students:
 Student performance improvement is observed in unit to unit evaluation.
 Confidence and positive attitude is developed among the slow learners.
 Students performance is Improved in Semester end examinations.
S TEST-1 TEST-2 TEST-3 TEST-4 TEST-5

Roll No Student Name
No Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks
1
2
3
.
.
.
32. Actions taken in assisting bright students:

 Motivated students to get gold medals and cash prizes in intra college events.
 Encouraged students to take part in Research activities.
 Motivated them to take part in national level competitions for projects.
 Motivating them to attend conferences, workshop, and other co-curricular activities.
i) Students List:
1
2
3
.
.
.
ii) Assignments or open end questions for life long learning or introducing advanced topics
that maps to PEOs
iii) Impact Analysis of Bright students:
 Students performance is Improved in Semester end examinations.
 Improvement is observed in programming skills.
 Improvement in inter-institute event participation.
 Positive attitude and Confidence levels are improved to take participation in
presenting seminars, in doing quality projects, in participating inter institute events, in
facing the competitive exams (GATE/GRE/TOFEL)
To the below table Add the names of the students who secured O grade in this subject (from T
Sheet)
S No Roll No Student Name Grade

1
2
3
.
.
.

Course Handout Software Engineering

Uploaded by

Course Handout Software Engineering

Uploaded by

S.

29 Graphical Statistics for Target & Attainment

i) Rubrics for identification of weak and bright students

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Course Title: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Course Coordinator: Verified By:

3. Vision and Mission of the department:

PEO-3: Engage in professional development with effective communication, ethical values,

6. Program Specific Outcomes:

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS)

Academic Calendar of B.TECH 11, IISEMESTER for the Academic Year

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Classifi Abbrev Sub Mobile

S.No Mentees Roll No's Mentors Name Phone No

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Classifi Abbre Sub Mobile

TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

MON DAA SE WT DBMS LAB

Classifi Abbrevi Sub Mobile

WT D74P Mrs.K.Ishwarya Devi/ 91339705

8. Individual Work load of course teachers

9. Student Nominal Rolls:

10. Course Objective:

11. Course Outcomes:

13. Course plan with Teaching Methodology adopted:

S.NO EXPECTED ACTUAL

1 29/2/2024 Introduction to Software Engineering

Course Delivery Methods Course Outcomes

Text Book Assignment √ √ √ √ √

15. Students Reference Notes:

16. References/ E-Links:

17. Question papers of Previous Years:

Unit Wise quiz Question Bank:

1. Software is defined as ___________

2. What is Software Engineering?

3. Who is the father of Software Engineering?

4.What is the primary goal of software engineering?

5.Which software development methodology emphasizes iterative and incremental development?

6.Which of the following is not a software development lifecycle model?

7.What is the purpose of requirements engineering in software development?

8.Which of the following is not a software testing technique?

10.What does the term "version control" refer to in software development?

1. What are the types of requirements ?

3.What is the purpose of requirements validation?

A) To ensure that the requirements are clear and unambiguous

B) To verify that the requirements meet the needs of stakeholders

C)To design the user interface of the software

D)To document the requirements in a formal specification

4.Which of the following is a technique for requirements validation?

5.Which of the following is NOT a common requirement format?

A)To specify the internal structure of the software components

B)To capture the interaction between users and the system

C)To design the software architecture

D)To validate the requirements against the software design

7.Which of the following is a technique for requirements prioritization?

2.What does CAD stand for in design engineering?

3.Which material is commonly used for rapid prototyping in design engineering?

5.In design engineering, what does DFMEA stand for?

8.Which design approach focuses on reducing the environmental impact of products?

9.What is the purpose of tolerance analysis in design engineering?

1.What is the purpose of software testing?

2.Which of the following is NOT a fundamental testing principle?

3.Which testing technique is used to test individual software units or components?

4.What is black box testing?

7.What is the purpose of regression testing?

1. Risk management is one of the most important jobs for a

4.What is the purpose of a risk register in risk management?

5.Which of the following is not a component of risk management?

6.Which of the following is not a component of risk management?

7.What is the purpose of risk identification?

A)To celebrate project achievements

9. How does a risk management plan contribute to project success?

a)By eliminating all project risks

22. Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels:

Definition I. II. III. IV. Analyzing V. VI.

23. Course Mapping with PO’s, PSO’s and PEO’s: