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Study Guide 1

Sex and Gender as Spectrums

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Hazel Ross Arzaga
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11 views

Study Guide 1

Sex and Gender as Spectrums

Uploaded by

Hazel Ross Arzaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Study Guide 1.

5
Please watch this video on youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFUCZ7vpt7Q
In 5 sentences, please describe your reaction/s to the video. Share your
comments/reactions in class.

The initiative highlighted in the sources is commendable as it showcases men


in the Middle East and North Africa actively championing gender equality through
various roles like involved fatherhood, support for women in business, and broader
advocacy for gender equality. These stories challenge stereotypes and demonstrate
a positive shift towards more inclusive and equitable societies in the region. It is
inspiring to see men taking proactive steps to promote gender equality, breaking
traditional norms, and contributing to a more balanced and just society. The
International Men and Gender Equality Survey in the MENA region sheds light on
important insights and actions that can drive positive change towards gender equality.
This effort signifies a crucial step towards fostering a culture of respect, inclusivity,
and gender justice in the Middle East and North Africa.

Study Guide 2.1


Construct a table comparing the waves of feminism

Wave of Feminism Time/ Period Focus


First Wave Late 19th to early 20th Suffrage and legal rights
Second Wave 1960s to 1980s Equality in social and
workplace spheres,
reproductive rights
Third Wave Early 1990s to present Intersectionality, diversity,
challenging gender norms
Fourth Wave Early 2010s to present Online activism, gender-
based violence
awareness, LGBTQ+rights
advocacy

Study Guide 2.2


2.2.1: Photo Essay
1. Select at least two (2) photos of Filipina/s from different historical periods and write
a short essay for each photo (minimum of 5 sentences).

Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang (March 19, 1731 – September 20, 1763)
Anti-colonial fighter in the Philippines
Photo credit: Alchetron

As Gabriela assumed her husband's role being the commander of rebel


troops, she became the first female leader of the Philippine Revolution. Gabriela
Silang is commemorated as the “Joan of Arc of Ilocandia.” The first Filipina
revolutionary leader to lead a revolt against Spanish colonization in 1763. Born in
Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur, Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang lived during the period of
Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. During this time, Spain subjugated the
country for centuries through forced labour, excessive tax collection and payment of
tributes. After her husband was assassinated in 1763, Silang took over her
husband’s insurgency. She led the resistance for four months, earning her the
nickname, “Henerala” (meaning woman general), before her capture and execution.
Known for her valiant efforts and fearless leadership, Silang symbolizes how Filipino
women have played a significant role throughout history in the struggles against
colonialism and imperialism.

Pura Villanueva
Kalaw (August 27,
1886 – March 21,
1953)
The First Carnival
Queen
Photo credit: Kristoffer Pasion on Twitter

Pura Villanueva Kalaw was not only the country’s first beauty queen, but an
established journalist, writer, suffragist, and feminist that had actively advocated for
women’s rights since her youth. From Arevalo, Iloilo, Kalaw was crowned the first
“Queen of the Manila Carnival” in 1908, a position that would later become “Miss
Philippines” in 1926. In 1906, she founded the Philippines’ first suffrage movement
led solely by women, “Asociacion Feminista Ilongga.” Her campaign brought the first
suffrage bill to reach the Philippine Assembly. Under her leadership and advocacy,
Kalaw was crucial in facilitating Filipino women’s right to vote, which passed in 1937.
Moreover, Kalaw was an editor for the Women’s Section of El Tiempo, a publication
popular in Western Visayas. Kalaw’s legacy signifies the importance of Filipinas
through not just their beauty, but their power in the development of Philippine society.

2. From what historical period do these photos belong to? Why did you choose these
photos?

-Spanish era, American Rule, Japanese Occupation, Philippine Republic


- The reason I chose these photos is because these women were out of
ordinary during their time. They chose to display and act not for the expectations of
the colonizers or the unjust society, but rather they chose to be ‘women’ that they
knew what the country needed especially those times, for the sake of the Philippine
society as a whole.

3. What stories or messages can you decipher from these images?

-Even with the presence of colonizers, women really did countless


accomplishments and actions in fighting for their rights and the Filipino nation.

4. Do these women adhere to their gender roles or were they challenging them?

-they were challenging their roles, that even if there are so many restrictions
and the society dictates what they should do, especially the colonizers, they still
fought for what is right and addressed the issues they faced during those times.

5. What changes or continuities can you identify in these photos?

-the fight for humanity and women’s rights

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