Financial Algebra New Course Proposal
Financial Algebra New Course Proposal
Financial Algebra New Course Proposal
Date _____November 6, 2011_______ 1. Teacher(s) submitting request Teacher(s) expected to teach course 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Department Course Title Pro-Tech Financial Algebra John Walker John Walker
School year to be implemented 2012/13 Length of Course: Course Credit: __ ____ semester ______ required __X____ year ____X__ elective 10-12 32 (current limit to computer lab)
Anticipated number of students that will be involved Pre-requisite courses: Algebra I Articulation with MHCC for credit? _____yes
__X___no ___X__no
12.
Explain why this course is needed. How will it benefit our students? How does it differ from current courses offered? How does this course enhance or relate to overall school goals and educational experiences appropriate for the 21st Century?
This course is proposed as a course that can be taken concurrently with Geometry, Algebra 2, or PreCalc. It is primarily geared as a course for students who may have experienced difficulty in Algebra 1 and/or Geometry and may not be ready for Algebra 2 or Precalculus. It will provide a Math Elective Credit It is A mathematically rigorous, algebra-based course. (Not an arithmetic-based personal finance course). Algebra 1 is the prerequisite, and Algebra 1 skills are reinforced throughout. Includes selected topics from Algebra 2, Precalculus, Statistics, Probability and Geometry that are taught at an ability-appropriate level for the Algebra 1-prerequisite audience. It is technology-dependent and applications-oriented.
JCM/pkh 10/07
13. Course Description: (this must be in its final form when the proposal is made as it will be used in the course planning guide)
In Financial Algebra, the mathematics necessary for daily living is embedded in content that directly relates to financial decisions adults make in their daily lives. The mathematical formulas, functions, and representations used in Financial Algebra will assist you in making sense of the financial world through mathematical modeling and provide you with the ability to make sound financial decisions based on data.
14. General Course Outline: (briefly outline course objectives and what will be covered) A. Semester I:
B.
15. List all state standards and graduation requirements that will be addressed in this course. How does the course fit with districts curriculum strands, standards-based instruction, career-related learning, and ongoing school goals?
See attached alignment with Common Core State Standards which are undergoing adoption in the State of Oregon for alignment.
JCM/pkh 10/07
16. What methods or indicators will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of this class and/or program?
17. Budget: What additional materials and resources will be necessary to offer this course? How will these requests be funded? Textbooks could be purchased at a cost of $3786.12 or a set of materials at $1000 could be purchased and entire course converted to Moodle, which is the recommendation.
$__1000____ $___________
3
3) 4)
D. List any items not covered: Course will be hosted on Integrated Media Moodle Server, Class is dependant on daily technological and application utilization Instructor Training is $300 plus travel and expenses during summer Two Week stipend for instructor to convert materials $ N/A
1000.
$2000+Stipend
18. Assuming we receive no additional FTE, how will we staff sections of this course? Course will be staffed by assigning the IT teacher, who will be Math Endorsed, to two of four sections. As course is to be converted to a online learning management system, additional resources from either an Algebra I or 1.5 course could be assigned based on skills and experience in finance.
19. How will the master schedule be impacted by the adoption of this course?
Two sections are foreseen to be conducted in Room 509, two sections would need to be in an additional lab with computers and projector access for instructor/students to access Learning Management on a daily basis.
20. Indicate whether research and best practice supports adoption of this course. Please attach information from external sources (news articles, professional journals, research data, surveys, etc.) that support adoption of this course. There are a number of articles and learning research to support connected learning through application. A quick Google search yields numerous Article from the NYTimes on April 9, 2010 Most Americans arent fluent in the language of money. Yet were expected to make big
JCM/pkh 10/07 4
financial decisions as early as our teens even though most of us received no formal instruction on financial matters until it is too late. All of this raises the question: Whats happening inside our classrooms? And how many schools even broach the topic? As it turns out, for a country that prizes personal responsibility, were doing very little.
21. If this proposal is an extension of, or addition to, a previous adopted course, please explain. Course may be considered as an alternate to Algebra 1.5.
22. Briefly explain the primary instructional practices that will be used to teach this course. How do the practices align with the districts instructional model?
One can teach computer science concepts so that students have immediate visual feedback at least in the beginning. They will truly understand what they have done right and wrong because they can see it. Students should not lose sight of computer science as they examine the details of the computer language. This undertaking is not too difficult since algorithms that solve a variety of robot tasks are both plentiful and provocative, as are the topics of study associated with them. Emphasis is placed on having creativity and imagination be their guides. A goal for students is to be enjoying computer science at the level that it is most inspiringthe conceptual level.
Department
JCM/pkh 10/07
Principal
District
JCM/pkh 10/07
Financial Algebra Syllabus & Essential Elements Chapter 1: The Stock Market (approximately 20 days)
Students are introduced to basic business organization terminology in order to read, interpret and chart stock ownership and transaction data. 1-1 Business Organizations (1 day) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of business organizations. Compute financial responsibility of business ownership based on ratios and percents Key Terms Capital, corporation, limited liability, partnership, personally liable profit, public corporation, shareholders, shares of stock, sole proprietorship Stock Market Data (2 days) Objectives Use stock data to follow the daily progress of a corporate stock. Write spreadsheet formulas. Key Terms 52-week high, 52-week low, after-hours trading, cell, close, high, last, low, NASDAQ, net change, NYSE, sales in 100s, spreadsheet, stock market, trades, volume Stock Market Data Charts (3 days) Objectives Interpret a stock bar chart. Create a stock bar chart. Interpret a stock candlestick chart. Create a stock candlestick chart. Key Terms Candlestick chart, stock bar chart, stock chart Simple Moving Averages (3 days) Objectives Understand how data is smoothed. Calculate simple moving averages using the arithmetic average formula. Calculate simple moving averages using the subtraction and addition method. Graph simple moving averages using a spreadsheet. Key Terms Arithmetic average (mean), crossover, fast moving average, lagging indicators, simple moving average (SMA), slow moving average, smoothing techniques
1-2
1-3
1-4
Page 1
1-5
Stock Market Ticker (1 day) Objectives Understand stock market ticker information. Determine the total value of a trade from ticker information. Determine trade volumes from ticker information. Key Terms Daily money flow, directional arrow, Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), downtick, money flow, negative money flow, net money flow, positive money flow, stock symbol, ticker, ticker symbol, total value of a trade, trading price, trading volume, uptick Stock Transactions (2 days) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of buying and selling stock. Compute gains and losses from stock trades. Key Terms Gross capital gain, gross capitol loss, odd lot, portfolio, round lot, trade Stock Transaction Fees (2 days) Objectives Compute the fees involved in buying and selling stocks. Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of stock trading. Key Terms At the market, broker fee, commission, discount broker, limit order, net proceeds, stockbroker Stock Splits (3 days) Objectives Calculate the post-split outstanding shares and share price for a traditional split. Calculate the post-split outstanding shares and share price for a reverse split. Calculate the fractional value amount that a shareholder receives after a split. Key Terms Fractional part of a share, market capitalization (market cap), outstanding shares, penny stock, reverse stock split, stock split, traditional stock split Dividend Income (2 days) Objectives Understand the concept of shareowners splitting the profit for the corporation they own. Compute dividend income. Compute the yield for a given stock. Compute the interest earned on corporate bonds. Key Terms Common stock, corporate bonds, dividend, dividend income, face value, growth stock, income stock, matures, preferred stock, yield
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
Page 2
Chapter 1 Mathematics Topics Constructing, using, and interpreting algebraic ratios and proportions Given investment ratios of the form r1 : r2 : ...: rn 1 : rn and a total T, write and solve the investment equation r1 x + r2 x + ...+ rn 1 x + rn x = T and determine the investment amount associated with each ratio Determining, using, and interpreting percent increase/decrease of stock transaction prices Determining, using, and interpreting percent net change of stock transaction prices Constructing and interpreting stock bar and candlestick charts Given a set of n closing prices, p1, p2 , p3, ..., pn 1, pn , calculate and interpret d-day simple moving averages by applying the Arithmetic Average Formula and the Subtraction/Addition Method Use and interpret stock market ticker notation of the form SYM PK@D#C where SYM is the corporation symbol, Px1000 is the transaction amount (K=1000), D is the transaction price per share, # is either (increase) or (decrease), and C is the change from the previous days closing price In situations where w represents the purchase price for a set number of shares, y represents the selling price of that same number of shares , and x represents the percent y w increase/decrease of an investment, use the equation x = to determine the percent w increase of an investment In any a-for-b stock split, let P represent the pre-split price per share, calculate the postb split price per share using P a In any a-for-b stock split, let D represent the pre-split number of shares, calculate the a post-split number of shares using D b A Calculate the stock yield percentage using the formula Yield = 100, where A C represents the annual dividend per share and C represents the current price per share
Page 3
2-1
Interpret Scatterplots (2 days) Objectives Graph bivariate data. Interpret trends based on scatterplots. Draw lines and curves of best fit. Key Terms Bivariate data, causal relationship, correlation, data, explanatory variable, negative correlation, positive correlation, response variable, scatterplot, trend, univariate data
2-2
Linear Regression (3 days) Objectives Be able to fit a regression line to a scatterplot. Find and interpret correlation coefficients. Make predictions based on lines of best fit. Key Terms Correlation coefficient, domain, extrapolation, interpolation, least squares line, linear regression line, line of best fit, moderate correlation, range, strong correlation, weak correlation
2-3
Supply and Demand (2 days) Objectives Understand the slopes of supply and demand curves. Find points of equilibrium. Key Terms Demand, demand function, equilibrium, function, markup, retail price, shift, supply, wholesale price, widget
2-4
Fixed and Variable Expenses (2 days) Objectives Understand the differences between fixed and variable expenses. Create an expense equation based on fixed and variable expenses. Key Terms Breakeven point, expense equation, fixed expenses, loss, profit, revenue, revenue equation, variable expenses
Page 4
2-5
Graphs of Expense and Revenue Functions (3 days) Objectives Write, graph, and interpret the expense function. Write, graph, and interpret the revenue function. Identify the point of intersection of the expense and revenue functions. Identify breakeven points and explain them in the context of the problem. Key Terms Axis of symmetry, leading coefficient, maximum value, nonlinear function, parabola, quadratic equation, second degree equation, vertex of a parabola Breakeven Analysis (2 days) Objectives Determine the breakeven prices and amounts using technology and/or algebra. Key Terms Quadratic formula, zero net difference The Profit Equation (3 days) Objectives Determine a profit equation given the expense and revenue equations. Determine the maximum profit and the price at which that maximum is attained. Key Terms Maximum profit, profit Mathematically Modeling a Business (2 days) Objectives Recognize the transitive property of dependence as it is used in a business model. Use multiple pieces of information, equations, and methodologies to model a new business. Key Terms Dependence, transitive property of dependence
2-6
2-7
2-8
Operations with functions Evaluating functions and using them to model situations Translating verbal situations into algebraic linear functions Translating verbal situations into quadratic functions
Page 5
f ( x) =
mx + b x
Translating verbal situations into linear and quadratic inequalities Solving linear systems of equations and inequalities such as:
Solving systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables Identifying domains for which f(x) > g(x), f(x) = g(x), and f(x) < g(x) Identifying form, direction, and strength from a scatterplot Finding, interpreting, and graphing linear regression equations Determining domains for which prediction using a regression line is considered extrapolating or interpolating Finding and interpreting the Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation Finding the axis of symmetry concavity of parabolic curves Using the quadratic formula
x=
b 2 4ac b if ax + bx + c = 0 then x = 2a 2a
Finding and interpreting quadratic regression equations Solving linear-quadratic systems of equations and inequalities such as:
Page 6
Finding absolute and relative extrema Causation vs. correlation for bivariate data Identifying explanatory and response variables Identifying and diagramming lurking variables such as:
Using the slope-intercept form of a linear equation Interpreting slope as a rate of change
y = mx + b
y x
Using the transitive property of dependence Determining the zero net difference Writing algebraic formulas for use in spreadsheets Rational Expressions Algebraic fractions, ratios, and proportions Writing literal equations
Page 7
Solving linear equations and inequalities Calculating moving averages Reading and interpreting data in pictorial representations Algebraic representations of percent, percent increase and percent decrease Expressing averages as rational functions Translating verbal expressions into algebraic formulas for use in a spreadsheet
Page 8
3-1
Checking Accounts (2 days) Objectives Understand how checking accounts work. Complete a check register. Key Terms Automatic teller machine (ATM), canceled, check, check clearing, checking account, check register, credit, deposit, deposit slip, direct deposit, drawer, debit, electronic funds transfer (ETF), endorse, hold, insufficient funds, interest, joint account, overdraft protection, payee, personal identification number (PIN), maintenance fee, single account Reconcile a Bank Statement (2 days) Objectives Reconcile a checking account with a bank statement by hand and by using a spreadsheet. Key Terms Account number, balancing, bank statement, ending balance, outstanding checks, outstanding deposits, reconciling, starting balance, statement period Savings Accounts (1 day) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of savings accounts. Compute simple interest using the simple interest formula. Key Terms Certificate of deposit (CD), interest, interest rate, maturity, minimum balance, money market account, principal, savings account, simple interest, simple interest formula, statement savings Explore Compound Interest (2 days) Objectives Understand the concept of getting interest on your interest. Compute compound interest using a table. Key Terms Annual compounding, compound interest, crediting, daily compounding, quarterly compounding, semiannual compounding Compound Interest Formula (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the derivation of the compound interest formula. Make computations using the compound interest formula.
Page 9
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
Key Terms Annual percentage rate (APR), annual percentage yield (APY), compound interest formula 3-6 Continuous Compounding (2 days) Objectives Compute interest on an account that is continuously compounded. Key Terms Continuous compounding, continuous compound interest formula, exponential base (e), finite, infinite, limit Future Value of Investments (2 days) Objectives Calculate the future value of a periodic deposit investment. Graph the future value function. Interpret the graph of the future value function. Key Terms Biweekly, future value of a periodic deposit investment, future value of a single deposit investment, periodic investment Present Value of Investments (2 days) Objectives Calculate the present value of a single deposit investment. Calculate the present value of a periodic deposit investment. Key Terms Present value, present value of a periodic investment, present value of a single deposit investment
3-7
3-8
I = PRT
r B = (1 + ) nt n
Computing compound interest with and without the formula Applying the compound interest formula Introduction to limit notation
Lim f ( x) = b
xa
Page 10
Defining the natural base e using the rational and exponential expression limit notation x
Lim 1 +
1 x
Applying the natural base e in the continuous compounding formula b Identifying y = ax as exponential decay when x < 1 Identifying
B = Pe rt
y = ax b
b=0
ax b
y = ax b
Analyzing rational functions and their limits of the form >m, and n< m
Lim
ax n b
m
x cx
where n=m, n
Using the compound interest formula to derive the present value of a single deposit investment formula
P=
B r 1 + n
nt
Using the compound interest formula to derive the present value of a periodic deposit
investment formula
r B n P= nt r 1 + 1 n
Page 11
r P 1 + 1 n B= r n
Page 12
4-1
Introduction to Consumer Credit (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of credit terms. Become familiar with types of lending institutions. Compute finance charges for installment purchases. Key Terms Asset, credit, creditor, credit rating, credit reporting agency, debtor, down payment, earning power, FICO score, finance charge, installment plan, interest Loans (3 days) Objectives Read monthly payments from tables. Compute monthly payments using a formula. Compute finance charges on loans. Key Terms Annual percentage rate, balloon payment, collateral, cosigner, lending institution, life insurance, prepayment penalty, prepayment privilege, principal, promissory note, wage assignment, wage garnishment Loan Calculations and Regression (2 days) Objectives Calculate the present value of a single deposit investment. Calculate the present value of a periodic deposit investment. Key Terms Cubic function, cubic regression, monthly payment calculator, natural logarithm Credit Cards (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of credit cards. Compute an average daily balance. Key Terms Average daily balance, charge card, credit card, debit card, Electronic Funds Transfer Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, impulse buying, mean, revolving charge account, Truth-In-Lending Act Credit Card Statement (2 days) Objectives Identify and use the various entries in a credit card statement.
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4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
Key Terms Account number, APR, available credit, average daily balance, billing cycle, billing date, credit card statement, credit line, debit/credit, finance charge, late charges, minimum payment, monthly periodic rate, new balance, new purchases, number of days in billing cycle, payments/credits, payment due date, previous balance, transactions 4-6 Average Daily Balance (3 days) Objectives Calculate the average daily balance using the credit calendar. Calculate the finance charge using the credit calendar. Key Terms Average daily balance, billing date, credit calendar
y = ax + bx + cx + d
y = mx + b
Using and interpreting exponential growth and decay equations Computing the average daily balance
r r P 1 + 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t
r r P 1 + 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t
Page 14
where FC = finance
y = ln x
as
y = log e x
= ex
12t to solve for the exponent t where
dn i =1 n
n d APR FC = n i =1 n 12
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5-1
Classified Ads (2 days) Objectives Compute the cost of classified ads for used cars. Compute the cost of sales tax on automobiles. Key Terms Cusp, domain, piecewise function, sales tax, split function But or Sell a Car (2 days) Objectives Compute the mean, media, mode, range, quartiles, and interquartile range. Key Terms Arithmetic average, ascending order, bimodal, data, descending order, interquartile range (IQR), lower quartile, mean, measures of central tendency, outlier, quartiles, range, resistant, skew, statistics, subscripts, median, outlier, upper quartile Graph Frequency Distributions (2 days) Objectives Create a frequency distribution from a set of data. Use box-and-whisker plots and stem-and-leaf plots to display information. Use linear regression to negotiate the purchase or sale of a car. Key Terms Box-and-whisker plot, boxplot, frequency, frequency distribution, modified boxplot, stem-and-leaf plot Automobile Insurance (3 days) Objectives Learn about different types of automobile insurance coverage. Compute insurance costs. Compute payments on insurance claims. Key Terms Actuary, automobile insurance, bodily injury liability (BI), car rental insurance, claim, collision insurance, comprehensive insurance, deductible, emergency road service insurance, liable, liability insurance, negligent, no-fault insurance , personal injury protection (PIP), premium, property damage liability (PD), surcharge, uninsured/underinsured motorist protection insurance (UMP) Linear Automobile Depreciation (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret, and graph a straight line depreciation equation. Key Terms
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5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
Appreciate, depreciate, slope, straight line depreciation, straight line depreciation equation
5-6 Historical and Exponential Depreciation (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret, and graph an exponential depreciation equation. Manipulate the exponential depreciation equation in order to determine time, original price, and depreciated value. Key Terms Dollar value, exponential decay, exponential depreciation, historical data, historical depreciation Driving Data (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret and use the distance formula. Use the formula for the relationship between distance, fuel economy, and gas usage. Key Terms Currency exchange rate, distance formula, electronic odometer, English Standard System, fuel economy measurement, kilometers per liter, mechanical odometer, Metric System, miles per gallon, odometer, speedometer, trip odometer Driving Safety Data (2 days) Objectives Calculate reaction time and distance in the English Standard System. Calculate and use the braking distance in both English Standard and Metric Systems. Calculate and use the total stopping distance in both the English Standard and Metric Systems. Key Terms Braking distance, reaction distance, reaction time, thinking time, total stopping distance Accident Investigation Data (3 days) Objectives Determine the minimum skid speed using the skid mark formula. Determine the minimum skid speed using the yaw mark formula. Key Terms Accident reconstructionist, anti-lock braking system (ABS), braking efficiency, chord, drag factor, middle ordinate, shallow skid mark, skid distance, skid mark, skid speed formula, yaw mark
5-7
5-8
5-9
Page 17
Creating and interpreting box and whisker plots and side-by-side boxplots
Creating and interpreting modified box and whisker plots Computing measures of dispersion
R = xH xL
and
IQR = Q3 Q1.
Computing Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 manually and with the graphing calculator Using the expressions
= i =1 n
xi
, median and mode
Determining the domains of a piecewise function from verbal situations Graphing piecewise functions using mutually exclusive domains
Page 18
Using multi-variable square root functions such as the skid length S Using
= 30 Dfn .
5280 s RD = 0.75 to determine reaction distance 60 2 2 Using BD = 5(.1s ) to compute the breaking distance 5280s 2 Using TSD = 0.75 + 5(0.1s ) to compute total stopping distance 2 60 D D Manipulating D = RT , R = , and T = to determine distance, rate, and time T R Using D = MPG (G ) to compute miles per gallon
Using geometry theorems involving chords intersecting in a circle and radii perpendicular to chords to determine yaw mark arc length C2 M Finding radius r = + where C is chord length and M is middle ordinate
8M
Computing arc lengths Using dilations Dk to transform formulas between the English Standard and Metric measurement systems Applying all algebraic formulas from the chapter for use in spreadsheets
Page 19
6-2
6-5
Key Terms Federal Insurance Contributions Act, FICA tax, maximum taxable income, Medicare tax, Social Security, Social Security tax. Chapter 6 Mathematics Topics Identifying continuous and discontinuous functions by their graphs
Interpreting jump discontinuities Writing an interpreting domains and piecewise functions of the forms
and
a ( x) =
Geometric sequences such as
Page 21
Expressing percent increases and decreases as rational functions Reading and interpreting data
Page 22
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
Page 23
= mx + b
( x
) and converting
Translating verbal expressions into literal rational, exponential, and linear equations. Expressing domains using compound inequality notation of the form
t t1 and t < t2
Expressing domains using compound inequality notation of the form t > t1 and t t2 , interval notation of the form t1 < x t 2 , and tax schedule notation of the form over t1 but not over t 2 Given a compound inequality statement, modeling a tax bracket to determine the tax using a linear equation of the form y = a + p ( x t1 ) where y is the tax, a is the base tax, p is the tax percentage expressed as a decimal, t1 is the lower boundary of the domain, and x is the taxable income Converting point-slope form to slope-intercept form of a linear equation Writing equations in point-slope form Modeling algebraically a tax schedule of the form
Page 24
where f(x) represents the tax liability function for taxpayers using a given tax schedule with taxable incomes on a given domain Graphing piecewise functions of the form
on the coordinate plane. Identifying the cusps of piecewise functions from the function notation Interpreting the graphs, slopes, and cusps of continuous polygonal functions with multiple slopes and cusps Translating verbal expressions into literal equations Adapting all algebraic formulas in the unit for use in spreadsheets
Page 25
8-2
8-3
8-4
Page 26
8-5
Rentals, Condominiums, and Cooperatives (2 days) Objectives Compute costs of purchasing a cooperative or condominium. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of homes. Key Terms Board of directors, condominium, cooperative, co-op apartment, equity, landominium, maintenance fee
Chapter 8 Mathematics Topics Using rational functions to compute back-end ratios of the form
b= f =
m + p / 12 + h / 3 + c + d . a / 12
m + p / 12 + h / 12 . x / 12
12t r P 1 + r 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t r r P 1 + 12 12 C where C is original cost Computing interest I = 12t r 1 + 1 12 1 Using the apothem to compute the area of a regular polygon A = ap 2
Using probability to find the area of irregular plane region (The Monte Carlo Method)
numberof points inside region area of irregularregion = numberof random points generated area of framing rectangle
Using factors of dilations to draw to scale Finding areas of irregular and shaded regions
Page 27
Using rational functions to compute BTUs, such as Solving proportions Creating multi-variable tax assessment equations
BTU rating
while 60
B R = A1 + 100
D 1
Modeling rent increases using exponential regression Reading and interpreting data
r nt P 1 + 1 n B= r n
to make
comparisons to mortgage payments and increasing resale value of a home Writing all algebraic formulas from the chapter for use in spreadsheets Translating verbal expressions into literal equations
Page 28
9-2
9-3
9-4
Page 29
Key Terms Beneficiary, cash value, decreasing term insurance, face value, group term life insurance, increasing term insurance, level term insurance, mortality table, permanent life insurance, premium, term life insurance, universal life insurance, variable life insurance, whole life insurance
to predict balances after t years when given a periodic deposit amount, an investment return rate, and compounding information Using the present value of a periodic investment formula of the form when given a future value, a time in years, an investment return rate, and compounding information
Writing rational expressions as a combination of rational and polynomial expressions Using inequalities to define domains when creating algebraic expressions Analyzing the effect that a change in multipliers has to the value of an algebraic expression Writing rational expressions to represent increase over time Using and interpreting the greatest integer function of the form
[x ]
Determining and interpreting the expected value of a probability distribution where the n expected value is of the form xi f ( xi ) i =1 Reading and interpreting data presented in multiple formats
Page 30
y = [x a ]
y = [x a ] + 1
y = [x a ] + 1
y = [x a ] and
Incorporating the greatest integer function into a piecewise function of the form
a when x b x d) when x > b and x is an integer a + c([x d] + 1) when x > b and x is not an integer
c(x) =
Evaluating a piecewise function that includes a greatest integer function for various values on the domain of the piecewise function Creating, interpreting, and graphing a system of a linear and a piecewise function and determining the point of intersection as shown in the following graph:
Page 31
10-2
10-3
10-4
Chapter 10 Mathematics Topics Using sectors and central angles of a circle to depict proportional categories on a pie chart when given categorical information
Page 32
Creating and interpreting budget line equations of the type represents the cost of the first of two items and
C x x+ C y y=B
where
Cx
Cy
two items, x and y represent quantities under consideration and B represents an amount budgeted Interpreting points on a budget line graphs in the context of their relationship to the budget line as shown in the following display:
Comparing budget line graphs and interpreting them as transformations in the plane as shown here:
Using inequalities to interpret regions and points in the plane in relation to a budget line graph Using multiple representations to chart data such as
Page 33
Using algebraic rational expressions to model ratios in context Writing algebraic formulas for use in spreadsheets
Page 34
Correlation of Financial Algebra, by Robert K. Gerver/Richard J. Sgroi, 2011, ISBN 10: 0538449675; ISBN 13: 9780538449670 To Common Core State Standards For Mathematics
C1 1-1
Pages 5-9
C1 1-2
(continued on next page)
Pages 10-15
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.
Page Numbers
C1 1-2
(continued)
Pages 10-15
C1 1-3
Pages 16-21
C1 1-4
Pages 22-28
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
C1 1-5
Pages 29-24
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression.
C1 1-6
(continued on next page)
Pages 36-39
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
Page Numbers
C1 1-6
(continued)
Pages 36-39
C1 1-7 C1 1-8
Pages 40-45
Pages 46-50
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C1 1-9 C2 2-1
(continued on next page)
Pages 51-56
Page Numbers
C2 2-1
(continued)
Pages 65-69
C2 2-2
(continued on next page)
Pages71-74
Page Numbers
C2 2-2
(continued)
Pages 71-74
C2 2-3
(continued on next page)
Pages 75-79
Page Numbers
C2 2-3 C2 2-4
C2 2-5
(continued on next page)
Pages 86-90
Page Numbers
C2 2-5
(continued)
Pages 86-90
C2 2-6
(continued on next page)
Pages 91-96
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context.
Page Numbers
C2 2-6
(continued)
Pages 91-96
Page Numbers
C2 2-7
(continued on next page)
Pages 97-102
Page Numbers
C2 2-7
(continued)
Pages 97-102
C2 2-8
(continued on next page)
Pages 103-107
10
Page Numbers
C2 2-8
(continued)
Pages 103-107
CHAPTER 3
C3 3-1
Pages 116-122
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1a.. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
11
Page Numbers
C3 3-4 C3 3-5
Pages 137-142
Pages 143-149
C3 3-6
Pages 150-155
C3 3-7
Pages156-160
12
Page Numbers
C3 3-8
Pages 161-165
CHAPTER 4
C4 4-1
Pages174-180
C4 4-2
(continued on next page)
Pages181-186
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1a. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 2. Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3c. Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions
13
Page Numbers
C4 4-2
(continued)
Pages181-186
C4 4-3 C4 4-4
Pages187-192
Pages 193-199
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C4 4-5
Pages 200-205
C4 4-6
Pages 206-210
14
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 5
C5 5-1
Pages 220-223
C5 5-2
Pages 224-230
Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 2. Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 3. Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 4. Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 1. Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots).
C5 5-3
(continued on next page)
Pages 232-237
15
Page Numbers
C5 5-3
(continued)
Pages 232-237
C5 5-4
Pages 240-251
C5 5-5
(continued on next page)
Pages 245-251
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Statistics and Probability- Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 7. Interpret the slope (rate of change) and the intercept (constant term) of a linear model in the context of the data. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 6. Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima.
16
Page Numbers
C5 5-5
(continued)
C5 5-6
(continued on next page)
Pages 252-258
17
Page Numbers
C5 5-6
(continued)
Pages 274-282
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Algebra -Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning 2. Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. Geometry - Circles G-C Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles 5. Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
18
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 6
C6 6-1
Pages 291-295
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context.. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 1. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Functions -Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
C6 6-5
Pages 316-321
19
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 7
C7 7-1 C7 7-2
Pages 328-334
Pages 335-343
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
C7 7-3 C7 7-4
Pages 344-351
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
Pages 352-364
C7 7-5
Pages 365-376
20
Page Numbers
C7 7-5
(continued)
Pages 365-376
CHAPTER 8
C8 8-1
Pages 387-392
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6a. Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 7c. Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. Statistics and Probability- Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 8. Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit.
C8 8-2 C8 8-3
(continued on next page)
Pages 393-400
Pages 401-410
Geometry - Circles G-C Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles 5. Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 6. Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x)+r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x) using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system.
21
Page Numbers
C8 8-3
(continued)
Pages 401-410
C8 8-4 C8 8-5
Pages 411-421
Pages 422-429
CHAPTER 9
C9 9-1 C9 9-2
C9 9-3
Pages 456-466
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
22
Page Numbers
C9 9-4
Pages 467-471
CHAPTER 10
C10 10-1
Pages 482-487
Number and Quantity Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C10 10-2
Pages 489-495
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions.
23
Page Numbers
C10 10-3
Pages 496-507
C10 10-4
Pages 508-519
Algebra -Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
24
Page Numbers
Chapters 1-10
Used throughout the text when constructing algebraic models for real life situations
25