Lab Report 05 HVAC

Heat Transfer and HVAC Lab
Lab Report: 05
Refrigeration cycle
6th SEMESTER
Submitted to: Sir Zeeshan
Name: Muhammad Usman

Class: ME 13 C
CMS: 372903
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

(SMME)
Objective:
 To determine COP of heat pump cycle when water is heating source and air is rejection medium.
 To determine COP of heat pump cycle when air is heating source and water is rejection medium.
Theory:
The heat pump cycle plays a crucial role in numerous cooling and heating applications, such as air
conditioning systems and refrigerators, by facilitating the conversion of refrigerant substances between
gas and liquid states. This cycle comprises four primary processes: isentropic compression, isothermal
expansion, iso-enthalpic expansion, and isothermal compression. While iso-enthalpic expansion in the
expansion valve is typically regarded as a reversible process, the other processes are irreversible.
During isentropic compression, the refrigerant
undergoes compression within a compressor. This
process is adiabatic and reversible, implying no heat
exchange with the surroundings, and maintains constant
system entropy. The temperature and pressure of the
refrigerant increase during compression, which
necessitates work input. However, practical
inefficiencies such as friction and heat loss render this
process effectively irreversible.
Isothermal expansion occurs when the refrigerant
traverses the evaporator coils. Here, the refrigerant
absorbs heat at a consistent temperature from the
surrounding environment, causing it to evaporate from liquid to vapor while
maintaining a stable temperature. Figure 1 P-h diagram
Taking place in the expansion valve, iso-enthalpic expansion involves a sudden drop in pressure of the
refrigerant while its enthalpy, or total heat content, remains constant. Theoretical reversibility is
attributed to this process under the assumption of no external work or heat transfer with the
environment in an ideal scenario.
Isothermal compression, inherent to refrigeration processes, entails extracting heat from the refrigerant
at a constant temperature to condense it back into liquid form in the condenser. This is achieved by
dissipating heat to a medium, such as water or air.
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) for a heat pump cycle serves as a metric of its efficiency,
calculated as the ratio of the heating effect produced to the work input required. Different scenarios,
such as using water as both the heating source and rejection medium or utilizing air as the heating
source and water as the rejection medium, can influence the specific enthalpy values and,
consequently, the COP calculation.
Procedure:
 Activation of the main power supply initiated.
 Engagement of the power red button on the control panel ensued.
 Configuration of valves to allow utilization of both air evaporator and water condenser.
 Activation of both fans and adjustment of rotational control knobs for desired speed setting.
 Setting the condenser fan to operate at maximum speed for optimized heat rejection.
 Initiation of the compressor, allowing it to run until the system reached a steady state.
 Recording of temperatures of the refrigerant (T1 to T4) and air (T8 to T10), along with pressure
readings from four gauges.
 Repetition of the experiment using water as the heating source and air as the cooling source.
 Deactivation of the compressor followed.
 Performance of calculations to determine the heating effect, COP of the heat pump, and heat rejection
by the refrigerator in the condenser.
Readings and Calculations:

Heating Source=Water Cooling Source=Air
P= 786 W
Volume flowrate of R134a = 20 lph
Temperature of R134a at condenser inlet= 35oC
Pressure of R134a at condenser inlet= 11.1 bar
Temperature of R134a at condenser outlet= 51oC
Pressure of R134a at condenser outlet= 11.2 bar
Q = ρV(h2-h1 )
Using EES to find enthalpies at inlet and outlet. And, the mean density of R134a
Q = 14.33x20x100x 10-5(433735-415194)
= 5313.85 W
COP= cooling effect / work input
= 5313.85 W / 786W
= 6.76
Heating Source=Air Cooling Source=Water

Power= 921 W
Volume flowrate of water = 2 lpm
ST5 inlet water condenser = 23oC
ST6 outlet water condenser = 37oC
qh = mCp(Th,i- Th,o) (W)
=(1000x2x0.0000166667) x4200x(37-23)
=1960W
COP= cooling effect / work input

= 1960 W / 921W
= 2.128
Configuration qh Work COP

Heating source – Cooling source (W) Input = cooling effect /
(evaporator) (condenser) (W) work input
Water-Air 5313.85 786 6.76

Air-Water 1960 921 2.128
Results & Discussion:
The heat pump cycle plays a crucial role in various cooling and heating applications, such as air conditioning
systems and refrigerators, involving the conversion of a refrigerant substance from a gas to a liquid and vice
versa. This cycle comprises four primary processes: isentropic compression, isothermal expansion, iso-
enthalpic expansion, and isothermal compression. While iso-enthalpic expansion in the expansion valve is
generally regarded as a reversible process, the others are irreversible.
During isentropic compression, the refrigerant undergoes compression within a compressor, an adiabatic and
reversible process with constant system entropy. The refrigerant's temperature and pressure increase during
compression, requiring work input, but practical inefficiencies like friction and heat loss render this process
effectively irreversible.Isothermal expansion occurs when the refrigerant passes through the evaporator coils,
absorbing heat at a constant temperature from the surrounding environment, causing it to evaporate while
maintaining a stable temperature.Iso-enthalpic expansion takes place in the expansion valve, where the
refrigerant's pressure drops suddenly while its enthalpy remains constant, theoretically reversible under ideal
conditions.Isothermal compression involves the removal of heat from the refrigerant at a constant temperature
to condense it back into a liquid form in the condenser, achieved by rejecting heat to a medium such as water or
air.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the experiment provides valuable insights into the factors influencing the efficiency of heat
pump cycles and offers opportunities for optimization. By addressing issues such as precision, stabilization
time, and instrumental errors, researchers can enhance the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.

Lab Report 05 HVAC

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Heat Transfer and HVAC Lab

Submitted to: Sir Zeeshan

Name: Muhammad Usman

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Readings and Calculations:

Heating Source=Air Cooling Source=Water

COP= cooling effect / work input

Configuration qh Work COP

Water-Air 5313.85 786 6.76

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