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THE SCIENCES PO SERIES IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND
POLITICAL ECONOMY
Contemporary
Populists in Power
Series Editor
Alain Dieckhoff, Center for International Studies (CERI), Sciences Po -
CNRS, Paris, France
Advisory Editor
Miriam Perier, Center for International Studies (CERI), Sciences Po -
CNRS, Paris, France
The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy
focuses on the transformations of the international arena and of polit-
ical societies, in a world where the state keeps reinventing itself and
appears resilient in many ways, though its sovereignty is increasingly ques-
tioned. The series publishes books that have two main objectives: explore
the various aspects of contemporary international/transnational relations,
from a theoretical and an empirical perspective; and analyze the trans-
formations of political societies through comparative lenses. Evolution in
world affairs sustains a variety of networks from the ideological to the
criminal or terrorist that impact both on international relations and local
societies. Besides the geopolitical transformations of the globalized planet,
the new political economy of the world has a decided impact on its destiny
as well, and this series hopes to uncover what that is.
The series consists of works emanating from the foremost French
researchers from Sciences Po, Paris. It also welcomes works by academics
who share our methods and philosophy of research in an open-minded
perspective of what academic research in social sciences allows for and
should aim for. Sciences Po was founded in 1872 and is today one of the
most prestigious universities for teaching and research in social sciences
in France, recognized worldwide.
Contemporary
Populists in Power
Editors
Alain Dieckhoff Christophe Jaffrelot
Center for International Studies Center for International Studies
(CERI) (CERI)
Sciences Po - CNRS Sciences Po - CNRS
Paris, France Paris, France
Elise Massicard
Center for International Studies
(CERI)
Sciences Po - CNRS
Paris, France
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in
any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic
adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or
hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
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and institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Notes from the Editors
This book is a translation from the French and an augmented and updated
version of l’Enjeu mondial. Populismes au pouvoir (Première édition),
published by the Presses de Sciences Po in 2019.
All chapters except chapters by David Camroux, Asma Faiz, Paulic
Henneton, Paulus Wagner and Nira Wickramasinghe have been translated
from the French by Cynthia Schoch. The editors wish to thank her for
her engagement during the entire publication process.
v
Contents
vii
viii CONTENTS
Index 309
Notes on Contributors
xi
xii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
more than fifty articles in journals and edited volumes. Books include
Modern Roots. Studies of National Identity (co-ed, Ashgate, 2001); The
Invention of a Nation: Zionist Thought and the Making of Modern Israel
(CUP, 2003); The Politics of Belonging: Nationalism, Liberalism, and
Pluralism (ed., Lexington Books, 2004); Revisiting Nationalism: Theories
and Processes (co-ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2006); Routledge Handbook of
Modern Israel (ed., Routledge, 2013); Nationalism and the Multination
State (Hurst, 2016). He is a member of the Advisory Council of the
Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.
Dr. Asma Faiz is Assistant Professor of Political Science in the Depart-
ment of Humanities and Social Sciences at Lahore University of Manage-
ment Sciences (LUMS). She is the author of books, In Search of Lost
Glory: Sindhi Nationalism in Pakistan (Hurst Publishers, 2021) and
India-Pakistan Dialogue: Bringing the Society In (RCSS Publications,
2007). Dr. Faiz has also edited a volume, Making Federation Work:
Federalism in Pakistan After the 18th Amendment (Oxford University
Press, 2015). Her research interests include nationalist movements, ethnic
politics, federalism and populism.
Dr. Lauric Henneton is Associate Professor in the English department at
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (France). He has published Histoire
religieuse des Etats-Unis (Flammarion, 2012), La Fin du rêve américain?
(Odile Jacob, 2017) and Atlas Historique des Etats-Unis (Autrement,
2019). He has edited Du Bon Usage des Commémorations: Histoire,
Mémoire et Identités (with B. Cottret, Presses Universitaires de Rennes,
2010), Fear and the Shaping of Early American Societies (with L. H.
Roper, Brill, 2016) and Le Rêve américain à l’épreuve de Donald Trump
(Vendémiaire, 2020).
Dr. Christophe Jaffrelot is Senior research fellow at CERI-Sciences
Po/CNRS, Professor of Indian Politics and Sociology at the King’s India
Institute (London) and President of the French Political Science Associa-
tion. Among his recent publications are, (as a coeditor with A. Kohli and
K. Murali) Business and Politics in India (OUP, 2019) and (as a coed-
itor with A. Chatterji and T. B. Hansen) The Majoritarian State. How
Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India (Hurst, 2019), as coauthor with
Pratinav Anil, India’s First Dictatorship. The Emergency, 1975–77 (Hurst,
2020) and as sole author Modi’s India. Hindu Nationalism and the Rise
of Ethnic Democracy (Princeton University Press, 2021).
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS xiii
xv
CHAPTER 1
these authors, but their affinities tend to outstrip their differences: they
are all interested in the methods, the practices, and the words through
which populist leaders interact with the people, who can therefore see
“one of us” in them—and, at the same time, a strong leader as well. It is
this third approach that we favor in the chapters of this edited volume.
However, the divide between the three theoretical trends listed above
should not be overstated. Indeed, the last perspective under review is not
so far, as acknowledged by Cas Mudde himself, from his thin-ideology
approach (Rovira Kaltwasser et al. 2017, 29). If, indeed, the ideology
of populism is reduced to three core concepts, the (pure) people, the
(corrupt) elite and the general will, the ideological and the political style
approaches can easily be matched. We defend and promote this dual
approach throughout the present volume and hope to contribute to the
literature through this crosscutting perspective and through in-depth case
studies of less explored regions and countries in studies on populism.
This dual approach also allows us to put under the same roof
right-wing populism (also known as national populism, which is domi-
nant in the contemporary world) and left-wing populism (periodically
re-emergent in Latin America, in particular, since the mid-twentieth
century). These two types of populism, although leaning in different
political directions, share some common features (a dichotomy between
the political, economic and cultural elites depicted as “outsiders,” and the
“people”—the incarnation of authenticity) and, to some extent, the same
political style.
Book Outline
The book opens with a general introduction by Alain Dieckhoff who
approaches populism obliquely by looking at the three meanings of
the term “people”: its political dimension (the people as sovereign); its
historical-cultural dimension (the people as a community sharing a collec-
tive identity); and its social dimension (the people as the working class).
Populism is strongly linked with either the cultural or social approach
giving way to two different forms of populism, right-wing national
populism or left-wing populism. Turning to the crux of the matter, i.e.,
the relation of populists with power, the chapter stresses the fact that
both access to power and the way power is exercised depend heavily on
structural factors (voting system, type of regime, and so on).
The book develops our understanding of populists in power in three
main sections.
6 A. DIECKHOFF ET AL.
Ragyog a hold…
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