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Clinical Cases in
INTERNAL MEDICINE
This page intentionally left blank
Clinical Cases in
INTERNAL MEDICINE

SAMY AZER
MB, BCh, MSc Medicine, PhD (Syd), MEd (NSW), FACG, MPH (NSW)
Professor of Medical Education
College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Formerly Professor of Medical Education, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia
Visiting Professor of Medical Education, University of Toyama, Japan
Formerly Senior Lecturer of Medical Education, Faculty of
Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of
Melbourne and School of Medicine, the University of Sydney,
Australia
Elsevier Australia. ACN 001 002 357
(a division of Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd)
Tower 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood, NSW 2067

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Australia.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about
the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).

ISBN: 978-0-7020-8049-4

Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using
any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the
medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To
the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any
injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from
any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Content Strategist: Larissa Norrie

Content Project Manager: Subodh Kumar
Proofread by Annabel Adair
Cover by Georgette Hall
Index by Innodata Indexing
Typeset by
Printed in ••

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 To
The memory of my parents

To
My family for their love and support, and

To
My grandchildren – Jemimah, Elizabeth, Christopher, Asher
 FOREWORD

To face the challenges of modern health care, future physicians must master not only an
extensive knowledge base but also the analytical and integrative thinking skills needed
to provide safe, comprehensive patient care in the context of clinical complexity.
While many textbooks present the content of this comprehensive knowledge base, Clinical
Cases in Internal Medicine additionally guides learners on the process to apply knowledge and
scientifically understand the various concerns (expressed in lay terms) that patients entrust their
physicians to address. In this textbook, the concise and memorable case discussions highlight
the differential diagnoses that must be systematically considered and review the mechanisms
that explain the patient’s signs and symptoms and the basis for why certain treatments work.
The tables and figures are truly high-yield and helpful in practice. The questions, throughout
the chapter, are framed very thoughtfully around queries that arise in clinical decision-making,
in education of patients and families and in preparation for standardised examinations.
This textbook is ideal for students – in both problem-based learning (PBL) and tra-
ditional curricula – hoping to deepen their learning through case-based and interactive
learning approaches.
Professor Samy Azer is an internationally renowned medical educator, who cur-
rently serves as Professor of Medical Education at the College of Medicine, King Saud
University in Saudi Arabia. He has formerly served as Professor of Medical Education
at the Universiti Teknologi MARA in Malaysia;Visiting Professor of Medical Education
at the University of Toyama in Japan; and Senior Lecturer of Medical Education at the
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences at the University of Melbourne and
at the School of Medicine at the University of Sydney in Australia.
Through his commitment to innovations that optimise clinical learning and teaching and
through publications and other connections that make these innovations graspable and acces-
sible, Professor Azer has been an inspiration to the global community of medical educators and
students alike. I join Professor Azer in his hope that educator colleagues, students and future
patients will all benefit from the journey of learning through the cases presented in this text.

Anthony P. S. Guerrero, M.D.

Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry
The Char, McDermott, and Andrade Endowed
University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine
United States

vi
FOREWORD

Medical curricula have changed worldwide to reflect the changing roles of health sys-
tems and the challenges faced by graduating doctors. The advances in technology and
the overwhelming increase in scientific and medical publications add to these challenges
and the need to prepare our doctors at the best international standards and reassuring
their continuing professional development.
This book addresses these needs as a learning resource to be used by students and
other recommended and prescribed resources and enables them to study 50 clinical
cases and apply knowledge to clinically relevant topics in their undergraduate curricu-
lum.
Practising clinicians tend to use ‘schema’ in their reasoning to arrive at a diagnosis
based on pattern recognition and previous experience. However, undergraduate students
did not have sufficient experience and seeing patients in the wards may not be available
for their clinical training. Furthermore, most hospitals are moving to minimally invasive
techniques and one-day care and minimising the length of hospital stay with the new
developments in diagnosis and patient management. These days there are changes in
hospital admission because of the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes have affected
bedside teaching worldwide and the need for alternative teaching/learning methods to
address the students’ learning needs and enhance their clinical skills.
Professor Azer, the chair of the curriculum development and research unit at King
Saud University, has written this book with these challenges in mind. The book reflects
his international expertise in the field and addresses this area of need. International experts
have reviewed the book and provide the core clinical cases taught in internal medicine.
Students may use this book together with their clinical sessions and seeing patients in the
wards presenting with illnesses described. Students may critically compare between clinical
findings they identified in the patient and what was discussed in the clinical cases in the
book. They may also answer questions and revise the MCQs at the end of each case.
Together with reading recommended resources and reviewing their lectures, such
preparation will help in their clinical learning.
I am proud that Professor Azer is an academic at King Saud University for his
achievement and contribution to the medical profession at the global, local and interna-
tional levels. I want to congratulate the author on this achievement, and it is my pleasure
to commend this book as an additional resource to medical students and clinical teach-
ers. This book will be a valuable resource to medical libraries, students and clinicians,
medical educators and curriculum designers.

Professor Badran AlOmar

President, King Saud University

vii
 PREFACE

Clinical Cases in Internal Medicine is not a textbook covering the whole undergraduate
curriculum in internal medicine. Although reading texts and daily engagement with
simulated patients and actual patients is vital to enhance your competency in medicine,
students also need to complement their learning through case-based learning.
This book is written for students as a learning resource to use with other standard
textbooks and resources recommended in this discipline. It comprises 50 cases in inter-
nal medicine covering different body systems and focuses on common diseases that all
medical students should know.
Learning through cases helps students to master several skills and deepen their under-
standing by applying theoretical knowledge. It brings factual knowledge to what they
face in practice. Case scenarios also stimulate students' thinking to interpret the history
findings and clinical findings, generate hypotheses, construct a differential diagnosis,
relates basic knowledge from physiology and pathology to the clinical picture, interprets
laboratory findings and design a management plan.
Clinical Cases in Internal Medicine can be used on an individual basis or in small-group
tutorials with or without a tutor. After reading the case scenarios, students could start answer-
ing each question that follows the scenario—one student in the group summarise critical
points raised in the group discussion- act as the group scribe, and guiding the group discus-
sion. During this process, students may identify gaps in their knowledge or issues they do not
know. Also, questions raised could stimulate further thinking, search for answers/evidence and
turning the discussion into a meaningful session. Through active learning, and self-regulated
learning and examining other resources, students could deepen their understanding of the
case, explore relationships, and turn their learning into engaging and stimulating behaviour.
After completing the case discussion, a section titled ‘back to basics’ has been included
in each case. This section aims at linking knowledge from physiology, pathology, patho-
genesis, microbiology and pharmacology with the case clinical discussion. Students may
try answering the short-answer questions in this section, then compare their responses
with the answers provided. Each case discussion ends with 5-6 multiple-choice questions
that students could try on their own, then check at the end their performance against
model answers and justification given. At last, the case discussion ends with ‘a take-home
message’. and ‘further readings’ from the literature. These resources are recommended
for students to dig deeper and read more about current knowledge related to the case.
I wish success to all my current students and graduates at different universities where I
was honoured to teach and other universities worldwide enforcing active learning practices.
Samy Azer
Melbourne
2021

viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am particularly indebted to my undergraduate and postgraduate medical students at

the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne in Australia, the University
of Toyama in Japan, the Universiti Teknologi MARA in Malaysia and my current
students at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. Their engagement, questions and
areas that they found difficult to understand have been an excellent source for me as I
prepared the manuscript of this book.
I am indebted to the work of many individuals, particularly the publication team
of Elsevier, for providing a professional standard during the book production. I thank
Laurence Hunter, the content strategist, Elsevier Oxford, the United Kingdom. He
was the first content strategist who handled the book before retiring. I thank Nimisha
Goswami, the head of the content strategy, Elsevier India, who also dealt with the book
content. I also thank Larissa Norrie, head of content strategy, Australia, who made signifi-
cant help and support in the book production. Also, I thank Annabel Adair for the proof-
reading of the book as a freelance proofreader. I deeply appreciate and thank Subodh
Kumar, who carried out the content development and project management responsibil-
ity. His hard work in preparing the proofs at professional standards is appreciated.

ix
 ABBREVIATIONS

5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme
AChR Anti-acetylcholine receptor
ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
ADH Antidiuretic hormone
AFB Acid-fast bacillus
AHR Airway hyper-reactivity
AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
ANA Antinuclear antibody
Anti-La (or SS-B) These occur in 10%–20% of patients with systemic lupus
autoantibodies erythematosus and 50% of patients with primary or secondary
Sjögren syndrome; maternal anti-La (SS-B) autoantibodies
are associated with neonatal lupus syndromes, particularly
congenital heart block
Anti-Ro (anti-SS-A) These are anti–Sjögren-syndrome-related antigen A autoanti-
autoantibodies bodies; also called anti-Ro
Anti-U1-RNP It is a serological marker for MCTD; It can be also detected
in patients with systemic sclerosis or SLE
APACHE-II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
APC Adenomatous polyposis coli
AST Aspartate aminotransferase
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
AV node Atrioventricular node
B. burgdorferi Borrelia burgdorferi
BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine
BCR-ABL It is a mutation formed by the combination of two genes,
known as BCR and ABL; the mutated chromosome 22 is
called the Philadelphia chromosome (referring to the city
where researchers first discovered Ph chromosome)
BG Blood glucose
BMD Bone mass density
BMI Body mass index
BNP Brain natriuretic peptide
BPPV Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
C, T, L, S nerve roots C, cervical; T, thoracic; L, lumbar; S, sacral nerve roots
C. jejuni Campylobacter jejuni

x
 Abbreviations xi

C. trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis

C3, C4 Complement fragments C3 and C4
C3NeF C3 nephritic factor
cAMP Cyclic 39,59-adenosine monophosphate
CAP Community-acquired pneumonia
CD41 A T-helper white blood cell
CD81 It is a cytotoxic T-cell; also known as T-killer cell or cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CFU Colony-forming unit
CK-MB Creatine kinase myocardial band
CML Chronic myeloid leukaemia
CMV Cytomegalovirus
CNS Central nervous system
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COX Cyclooxygenase
CRF-1 Corticotrophin-releasing factor-1
CRP C-reactive protein
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
CT scan Computed tomography scan
cTn Cardiac troponin
cTnI Cardiac troponin I
cTnT Cardiac troponin T
CTPA Computed tomography pulmonary angiography
CURB-65 score C, confusion; U, urea; R, respiratory; B, blood pressure; 65,
age . 65
CXCL Chemokines playing a role in chemoattractant for several
immune cells, and angiogenesis/arteriogenesis and cancer
progression
CYP2E1 It is a member of the cytochrome P450, which is involved in
metabolism of xenobiotics
D receptor Dopamine receptor
Delta wave In ECG, the delta wave is a slurred upstroke in the QRS
complex, commonly associated with pre-excitation syndrome
such as WPW
DHEAS Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate
DIP Distal interphalangeal joints
DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis
DMARDs Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
xii Abbreviations

DR4 It is a serotype of HLA, which is associated with extra-

articular rheumatoid arthritis, obstructive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy, IgA nephropathy, certain types of systemic
lupus erythematosus and polymyalgia rheumatica
dsDNA Double-stranded DNA
DVT Deep venous thrombosis
DXA (or DEXA) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
E. coli Escherichia coli
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
ECG Electrocardiogram
ECL Enterochromaffin-like cells
EHEC Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
EIEC Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISpot Enzyme-linked immunospot
EMG Electromyogram
EML4-ALK EML4 is echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4
gene that has been fused to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase
(ALK) gene; this fusion leads to the production of a protein,
EML4-ALK; first isolated from small cell lung cancer
eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EPEC Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD End-stage renal disease
ETEC Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
FAP Familial adenomatous polyposis
FEV1 Forced expiratory volume of 1 second
FGF23 Fibroblast growth factor 23
FRAX Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
FVC Forced vital capacity
G6PD deficiency Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GADA Glutamate decarboxylase alpha
GDP Guanosine diphosphate or guanosine 5'-diphosphate
GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase
GH Growth hormone
GINA Global Institute for Asthma
GN Glomerulonephritis
GnRH Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
GP Globus pallidus
GTP Guanosine-59-triphosphate
 Abbreviations xiii

H. influenzae Haemophilus influenzae

H. pylori Helicobacter pylori
H1-receptor Histamine antagonist receptor-1
HAP Hospital-acquired pneumonia
HAV Hepatitis A virus
Hb Haemoglobin
HbA1c Haemoglobin A1c
HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HCO32 Bicarbonate
HCV Hepatitis C virus
HDL High-density lipoprotein
HDV Hepatitis D virus
HEV Hepatitis E virus
HGPRT Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Hib Haemophilus Influenzae type b
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HLA Human leukocyte antigen
hs-cTnT High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T
IA2A Insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody
IAA Islet cell autoantigen
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
IBS Irritable bowel syndrome
IBS-C Constipation-predominant IBS
IBS-D Diarrhoea-predominant IBS
IBS-M Mixed bowel pattern IBS
IBS-U Unclassified IBS
ICA Islet cell antibodies
Ig Immunoglobulin
IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor type 1
IL Interleukin
IM Intramuscular
INR International normalised ratio
ITP Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
IU International unit
IV Intravenous
JVP Jugular venous pressure
K. pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae
Kv124 antibodies These are the antibodies directed to the potassium
voltage-gated channel; subfamily members 1–4
LA Left atrium
LDDST Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
xiv Abbreviations

LDH Lactate dehydrogenase

LDL Low-density lipoprotein
LMWH Low-molecular-weight heparin
LRP4 Lipoprotein receptor-related peptide 4
LTB4 Leukotriene B4
LTD4 Leukotriene D4
LV Left ventricle
M. catarrhalis Moraxella catarrhalis
MALT Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MCHC Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
MCTD Mixed connective tissue disease
MCV Mean corpuscular volume
MEN type 1 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
MGDF Megakaryocyte growth and development factor
MGUS Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
MHC Major histocompatibility complex
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MuSK Muscle specific tyrosine kinase
N. meningitides Neisseria meningitidis
NADP1 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; it
used in anabolic cellular reactions
NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome complex is implicated as a regula-
tor of the innate inflammatory phenotype of several diseases,
including gout and type 2 diabetes
NPA Neutral protamine aspart
NPH Neutral protamine Hagedorn
NPL Neutral protamine lispro
NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OP receptor Opioid receptors
OPG Osteoprotegerin
OS Opening snap
P wave In ECG, the P wave represents atrial depolarisation, atrial
contraction or atrial systole
P. aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa
P. falciparum Plasmodium falciparum
P. jirovecii Pneumocystis jirovecii
P. malariae Plasmodium malariae
P. mirabilis Proteus mirabilis
 Abbreviations xv

P. ovale Plasmodium ovale

P. vivax Plasmodium vivax
p53 Tumour suppressor gene p53 (a 53-kilodalton [kDa] protein)
PAS stain Periodic acid–Schiff stain
pCO2 The partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PCV Packed cell volume
PDGFR Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
PE Pulmonary embolism
PEF Peak expiratory flow
PET scan Positron emission tomography scan
PfEMP1 P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1
PG Prostaglandin
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
pH Potential of hydrogen or power of hydrogen; it is a scale to
specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
Ph chromosome Philadelphia chromosome
PIP Proximal interphalangeal joints
PKCiota (PKCI) Protein kinase Ciota
PLA2R Phospholipase A2 receptor
PO Per oral
POEMS syndrome It is a syndrome characterised by polyneuropathy,
organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy
and skin changes
PTH Parathyroid hormone
Q wave In ECG, the Q wave represents left-to-right depolarisation
of the interventricular septum
R wave In ECG, the R wave is the first upward deflection after the
P wave; it represents early ventricular depolarisation
RA Right atrium
RANKL Receptor activator of nuclear factor kb ligand
RBCs Red blood cells
RF Rheumatoid factor
RNA Ribonucleic acid
RV Right ventricle
S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus
S. flexneri Shigella flexneri
S. pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae
S. saprophyticus Staphylococcus saprophyticus
S. typhimurium Salmonella typhimurium
S1 1 S2 heart sounds First and second heart sounds
xvi Abbreviations

S3 heart sound The third heart sound, is an extra heart sound, also known as
the ventricular gallop; it occurs just after S2
S4 heart sound The fourth heart sound, is an extra heart sound, also known
as the atrial gallop; it occurs just before S1 when the atria
contract to force blood into the left ventricle; it can be heard
in acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis
and left bundle branch block
SA node Sinoatrial node
SAH Subarachnoid haemorrhage
SaO2 Oxygen saturation
SARS-CoV Severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SC Subcutaneous
SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
SPEP Serum protein electrophoresis
SSTR2 Somatostatin receptor type 2
ST segment In ECG, the ST segment represents the interval between
ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation
T wave In ECG, the T wave represents the repolarisation of the
ventricles
T3 Tri-iodothyronine
T4 Thyroxine
TB Tuberculosis
TGF-ß Transforming growth factor-beta
Th-1 or Th1 cell T-helper cell-type 1
TH1 T-helper type 1 cells are a lineage of CD41
TH2 T-helper type 2 cells are a distinct lineage of CD41
TIA Transient ischemic attack
TIBC Total iron-binding capacity
TNF-a Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
TNM staging Staging of cancer: T, tumour size; N, spread to lymph nodes;
M, metastasis
TP53 gene It is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1)
and its mutation plays a role in cancer development
TPMT Thiopurine methyltransferase
TRAb TSH receptor IgG antibody, also known as thyrotrophin
receptor antibody
TRAs Thrombopoietin receptor agonists
TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone
tTG Tissue transglutaminase
 Abbreviations xvii

TTP Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

UGI Upper gastrointestinal
UPEP Urine protein electrophoresis
UTI Urinary tract infection
V/Q scan Ventilation/perfusion scan
VAP Ventilation-associated pneumonia
WBC White blood cell
WPW syndrome Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Y. enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica
ZN stain Ziehl–Neelsen stain
 CONTENTS

Forewords vi-vii
Preface viii
Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations x

Section 1 Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Systems 1

Case 1.1 ‘I Have Tummy Pain . . . ’ 3
Case 1.2 ‘I Am Losing Weight . . . ’ 11
Case 1.3 ‘Not Regular . . . ’ 19
Case 1.4 ‘As Dark as Coffee Grounds . . . ’ 28
Case 1.5 ‘There Is Blood in My Stool . . . ’ 40
Case 1.6 ‘It Is Itching All Over . . . ’ 51
Case 1.7 ‘Not Feeling Well . . . ’ 58
Case 1.8 ‘I Have the Runs . . . ’ 68
Case 1.9 ‘Nothing Is Working for Me . . . ’ 77

Section 2 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems 85

Case 2.1 ‘Short of Breath . . .  87
Case 2.2 ‘Still Coughing . . . ’ 97
Case 2.3 ‘I Was Admitted to Hospital . . . ’ 105
Case 2.4 ‘I Have Been Smoking for Over 20 Years . . . ’ 113
Case 2.5 ‘Nearly Fainted in the Bathroom . . . ’ 121
Case 2.6 ‘Like a Stone on My Chest . . . ’ 129
Case 2.7 ‘Not Feeling Well . . . ’ 138
Case 2.8 ‘In the Backyard . . . ’ 146
Case 2.9 ‘While at the University Campus . . . ’ 153
Case 2.10 ‘I Am Coughing Up Blood . . . ’ 159

Section 3 Nervous System 167

Case 3.1 Tremor in Hands 169
Case 3.2 Not Moving 177
Case 3.3 Is It Because of My Back Pain? 186
Case 3.4 I Have Severe Headache 197
Case 3.5 Because of Double Vision 205
Case 3.6 In the Intensive Care Unit 212
Case 3.7 Things Are Spinning Around Me 218
Case 3.8 My Feet Are Painfully Hot 225

xviii
 Contents xix

Section 4 Rheumatology and Immune System 233

Case 4.1 ‘Stiffness in the Morning . . . ’ 235
Case 4.2 ‘Progressive Pain in My Knees’ 245
Case 4.3 ‘After My Fall . . . ’ 251
Case 4.4 ‘Is It Serious?’ 260
Case 4.5 ‘I Have Pain in My Heels . . . ’ 268
Case 4.6 ‘Red and Tender . . . ’ 274
Case 4.7 ‘I Was Nearly Dead . . . ’ 282

Section 5 Endocrine System 289

Case 5.1 ‘The Trouble with My Vision . . . ’ 291
Case 5.2 ‘I Feel Too Hot . . . ’ 298
Case 5.3 ‘Did Not Work . . . ’ 308
Case 5.4 ‘Too Tired . . . ’ 317
Case 5.5 ‘They Rushed Me to the Emergency Room . . . ’ 324
Case 5.6 ‘Trying Hard to Lose Weight . . . ’ 331

Section 6 Haematology System 343

Case 6.1 ‘Looking Pale . . . ’ 345
Case 6.2 ‘After Returning From a Holiday in Europe . . . ’ 353
Case 6.3 ‘Bleeding Gums . . . ’ 361
Case 6.4 ‘Unexpected Outcomes . . . ’ 367
Case 6.5 ‘Before Travelling to Congo in Africa . . . ’ 373
Case 6.6 ‘Sweating and Chills . . . ’ 380

Section 7 Renal System 389

Case 7.1 ‘ . . . After Severe Attack of Diarrhoea’ 391
Case 7.2 ‘ . . . Fluid Build-up in My Body’ 400
Case 7.3 ‘I Only Feel Tired . . . ’ 411
Case 7.4 ‘Burning Pain on Passing Urine . . . ’ 420

Index of Cases 428

Index 430
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industrial personnel managers.” B. D. Wood

+ J Philos 17:640 N 4 ’20 690w

“The chief value of the book lies in its contribution to the general
education of the public.”

+ Nation 112:123 Ja 26 ’21 240w

TRACY, LOUIS. Sirdar’s sabre. $1.90 (4½c)

Clode, E. J.
20–16931

This book consists of a series of ten loosely-connected stories of

life in India. They are told by Reginald Wayne, a young Englishman
who becomes an officer in the 2d Bengal Lancers. For the most part
they concern the exploits of Sirdar Bahadur Mohammed Khan, a
“fire-eater” Mohammedan officer. Three of them have an element of
romance, but the majority tell of the various problems that the
English government meets in India. The titles are: First impressions;
La belle Americaine; How Mohammed Khan became invulnerable;
How the Sirdar prevented a great war; The Tàj—and a fortune-teller;
How the Sirdar dacoited a dacoit; How we fed crocodiles on the
Indus; The destiny of the emerald eye; How we guarded the great
pearl necklace; How the Sirdar fought Ali Bagh, the Afridi.

“Full of adventure but not the author’s best in plot or

characterization.”

+ − Booklist 17:161 Ja ’21

“With ‘The sirdar’s sabre’ something seems to have gone radically

wrong. From the man who built up such atmosphere and vitality as
was in ‘The wings of the morning’ this book is inexcusable. Here we
find no sustained interest, little of characterization, and slight
exercise of the descriptive powers which the author possesses. Mr
Tracy is to be soundly berated for wasting excellent material.” J. W.
D. S.

− Boston Transcript p4 O 9 ’20 580w

+ − N Y Times p19 O 24 ’20 300w

Reviewed by Caroline Singer

Pub W 98:661 S 18 ’20 300w

 TRACY, LOUIS. Strange case of Mortimer
Fenley. $1.90 Clode, E. J.
20–2642

“When John Trenholme, artist, accepted a welcome commission

from a magazine editor to journey down to a certain old
Hertfordshire village and make a series of sketches of its imperiled
beauties, he looked forward to nothing more exciting than an
agreeable, wholly peaceful little expedition. Certainly he did not in
the least expect to get mixed up with a murder. It was a series of
accidents which caused him to be at a spot from which he could see a
certain portion of the beautiful old Elizabethan mansion misnamed
‘The towers’ at the moment when Mortimer Fenley, banker, fell, ‘shot
dead on his own doorstep.’ Mr Fenley’s elder son, Hilton, telephoned
to Scotland Yard, and that was how the two detectives, known to
their colleagues as the ‘Big ‘un’ and the ‘Little ‘un’ came to the
assistance of the local police, one of whom had already, and quite
without suspecting the fact, had an extremely important share in the
development of events which was to bring about the solution of a
most involved and puzzling mystery.”—N Y Times

Booklist 16:284 My ’20

“The usual mystery story written with charm of style, satisfying

humor and a wealth of allusion pertinent to both literature and life.”

+ Cleveland p51 My ’20 40w

 “The story is well written, it moves quickly, and its characters are
real people, not the puppets who so often figure in tales of this kind,
the two detectives being especially well done.”

+ N Y Times 25:134 Mr 21 ’20 400w

“The outstanding feature of Louis Tracy’s ‘Strange case of

Mortimer Fenley’ is the absence of blood and ghastliness, of grimy
alleys and sordid back rooms. Mystery there is, in plenty, and
excitement.” Joseph Mosher

+ Pub W 97:603 F 21 ’20 350w

TRAIN, ARTHUR CHENEY. Tutt and Mr Tutt.

*$1.75 Scribner
20–6289

“The nine stories in this volume deal with the affairs of the firm of
Tutt & Tutt (the members are not related), the senior partner of
which is always addressed deferentially by his colleague as Mr Tutt.
It is Mr Tutt who tries the cases, Tutt who does the work of preparing
them; and to the unfriendly eye their activities might seem those of
shysters if they were not devoted, as a rule, to the worthy object of
protecting the poor and friendless against the stupidities and
brutalities of the law and some of those who practice it. The hero of
the book is Mr Tutt, who in the first story has a frame like Lincoln’s,
and by the end of the book has progressed so far that his face looks
like Lincoln’s. The villain, it must be confessed, is the law itself.”—N
Y Times
 Booklist 16:315 Je ’20
Cleveland p72 Ag ’20 50w
+ Ind 103:323 S 11 ’20 40w

“The best of the nine are very good, and all of them are
ornamented by entertaining comments on the philosophy of the law
and justice.”

+ N Y Times 25:199 Ap 18 ’20 280w

“The stories are very human. Outwardly, Mr Tutt is a dry-as-dust

attorney; but association discloses in him a broad vein of humanity
which makes his many-sided character a bottomless well of delight.
It is one of Mr Train’s most entertaining books.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Ap 11 ’20

450w

TRAVEL stories; retold from St Nicholas. il *$1.25

(3½c) Century 910.8
20–16861

Sixteen descriptive articles have been selected from St Nicholas for

this volume. Among them are: The Grand canyon of Arizona, by
William Haskell Simpson; In rainbow-land, by Amy Sutherland;
Traveling in India, by Mabel Albert Spicer; Where the sunsets of all
the yesterdays are found, by Olin D. Wheeler; Firecrackers, by Erick
Pomeroy; Curious clocks, by Charles A. Brassler; Motoring through
the golden age, by Albert Bigelow Paine; Lost Rheims, by Louise
Eugenie Prickett; Out in the big-game country, by Clarence H. Rowe.
There are five illustrations.

“Informational but not lacking in story interest.”

+ Booklist 17:79 N ’20

“An entertaining, informative volume.”

+ Lit D p99 D 4 ’20 40w

TREMAYNE, SYDNEY, pseud. (MRS

ROGER COOKSON). Echo. *$1.75 (1c) Lane
20–7528

All thru her girlhood Echo Stapylton is subjected to morbid and

unwholesome influences. Her mother runs away with an artist and
Echo grows up in the home of straight-laced unsympathetic relatives.
When she is seventeen a quarrel is precipitated over her friendship
with Max Borrow, an artist, and she goes to Paris to live with her
father. Max follows her, and to prevent their meetings her father
places her in a girls’ school. By practicing various deceits she
arranges to see him on various occasions but they have a
disagreement and he goes to America. Thereafter Echo meets her
mother and it is arranged that she is to live with her part of the time.
She learns however that her mother’s pretense of reform is a farce
and leaves her to be greeted with the news of her father’s death.
Alone and dependent she accepts an offer of marriage from a
successful solicitor, some years her senior. The marriage is unhappy
and when her husband leaves her for another woman she is free to
marry her old lover Max.

“The tale is clever and readable.”

+ Ath p63 Ja 9 ’20 100w

“The novel is a long and fairly interesting one, but it gives the
impression that the author has gathered a great deal of commonplace
material before she begins and pours it into the pages through a
hopper. Readable as the book is, it is singularly lacking in literary
grace.”

− + N Y Times 25:273 My 23 ’20 550w

“The story is intense and written in the same brilliant style that
characterized Miss Tremayne’s previous story, ‘The auction mart.’”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a My 30 ’20

240w

“The interest of the book lies in the slow revelation of the character
of Echo. It is a tribute to the author that the reader finds his
impatience with Echo gradually changing to sympathy; it is as if he
encountered her in real life and found that he liked her better as he
knew her more intimately.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p673 N 20

’19 500w
 TRENCH, HERBERT. Napoleon; a play. *$2
Oxford 822
19–12898

“‘You are the eddy—they are the tide’, says Mrs Wickham to
Napoleon over the body of her dead son. The tide of humanity
sweeps onward, and the Napoleonic selfishnesses and individualisms
that run counter to it are no more than eddies swirling back against
the current, soon to be straightened out again by the irresistible
onrush. Geoffrey Wickham is the apostle of humanity, whose aim it
is to make Napoleon see the unreasonableness of his attitude. His
plan is to kidnap Napoleon from Boulogne—it is the year of the
threatened invasion of England—to take him out to sea, and there, in
solitude, to persuade him into reason. The plot of the play, which is
full of dramatic situations, is the story of his failure and death.”—Ath

“Mr Trench uses prose as his medium except in the critical scene
between Wickham and Napoleon, where he rises to a fine and rather
Browning-like blank verse.”

+ Ath p477 Je 13 ’19 150w

“Now here is at least a play. It has argument, dignity, eloquence

and dramatic movement; it is based upon a real conflict of ideas, in
any case they scarcely affect the whole. The whole work is
disciplined; there is rhetoric, where rhetoric should be; and where
dispassionate prose should be, there is dispassionate prose. It does
honour to English literature; and when we learn that it has been
played for one hundred nights with success, we shall believe that the
English public has begun to do honour to itself.” J. M. M.
 + Ath p584 Jl 11 ’19 1450w
Brooklyn 12:88 F ’20 30w

“Mr Trench’s play is worth all his poems twice over. It is one of the
few real fruits of the war.” Mark Van Doren

+ Nation 110:371 Mr 20 ’20 480w

“The play has faults. It is unwieldy in construction, the threads are

not always connected and the writing is at times over-elaborated. But
these defects cannot outweigh its poetic quality, its power of
characterization, and its intense drama. The scenes in Napoleon’s
room at Boulogne and those in Wickham’s boat are particularly
noteworthy. It would be interesting to see how it would stand the test
of production.”

+ − Spec 123:344 S 13 ’19 700w

“Surely this play is not merely to be read, but to be seen. But every
character is clear in outline, awaiting embodiment, demanding
presentment. Its characters are never mere puppets ... not even
Napoleon who must by now be more disgustedly weary of his earthly
immortality than any denizen of the underworld. He, at any rate
should return thanks to Mr Trench for this just, urbane and pitiless
rehabilitation.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p334 Je 19

’19 1700w
 TRENT, WILLIAM PETERFIELD, and
WELLS, BENJAMIN WILLIS, eds. Colonial prose
and poetry. il *$2.50 Crowell 810.8

The present volume is a reprint on thin paper and in one volume of

an earlier three-volume set under the titles: The transplanting of
culture (1607–1650); The beginnings of Americanism (1650–1710);
The growth of the national spirit (1710–1775). The object of the
anthology is to give the critic of literature an opportunity “to study
the effects of environment upon the literary powers and products of a
transplanted race.” (Introd.)

TREVELYAN, GEORGE MACAULAY. Lord

Grey of the Reform bill; being the life of Charles, 2d
Earl Grey, 1764–1845. il *$7 (*21s) Longmans
20–7584

“It was a happy chance that caused the authorized life of the
second Earl Grey to be left half finished sixty years ago, and that
induced the late Lord Grey to assign the task to Mr George
Trevelyan. The Lord Grey who passed the reform bill of 1832 has
always been an enigma to later generations. His political career was
like a drama in which the hero holds the stage in the first act and has
a brief and effective scene in the second act, but then is seen no more
till the fifth act. Entering Parliament in 1787, when he was twenty-
three, he attached himself to Fox, and made himself notorious by
founding the Society of the friends of the people and by moving
annual resolutions in favour of parliamentary reform. He succeeded
to his father’s peerage in November, 1807, and felt that his career
was ended. Three-and-twenty years had passed when all at once
England discovered that the retired statesman was, like Cincinnatus,
the one man who could extricate her from a dangerous situation.
Lord Grey tore himself from his country pleasures, took command of
a mixed and quarrelsome team of Whigs, radicals, and Canningites,
and set himself to achieve parliamentary reform with such skill and
determination as few ministers have ever displayed.”—Spec

“The proportion of the text of 369 pages bearing directly upon

Grey is too slight to give unity to the whole, and too scattered for
focusing into any but a vague image. This is what Mr Trevelyan’s
volume really is: an indictment of Tory administration during the era
in which Grey lived—an indictment conceived in the unmeasured
violence of a political antagonist.” C. E. Fryer

+ − Am Hist R 26:90 O ’20 760w

“It is a fascinating story, excellently told, and even the reader who
knows little of English political history will find it interesting on
account of the light and hope that it sheds on modern conditions.” A.
G. Porritt

+ Am Pol Sci R 14:733 N ’20 560w

“Truly admirable book.” Ll. S.

+ Ath p443 Ap 2 ’20 1500w

“As a biographer, though not concealing Grey’s failings, he is in

sympathy with his subject, while as regards politics his zealous
advocacy of the virtues of the Whigs and his condemnation of their
opponents occasionally, and especially in the earlier part of his work,
outrun his discretion.” W: Hunt
 + − Eng Hist R 35:457 Jl ’20 2150w
+ Nation 111:223 Ag 21 ’20 450w

“Mr Trevelyan belongs to a great tradition; and he worthily

maintains the dignity of a literary ancestry of which Macaulay is only
the most eminent figure. Known wherever literature is cherished for
his own superb study of Garibaldi, his ‘Life of John Bright’ showed
admirably that he was not less competent to illustrate the history of
England. This latest work is not a whit less excellent.” H. J. L.

+ New Repub 24:49 S 8 ’20 2200w

“Mr Trevelyan’s biography is so excellent in every way, so

thoroughgoing in its preparatory studies, so familiar with the epoch,
so just in its appraisements and so interestingly written that it is well
worth waiting for.”

+ N Y Times 25:28 Je 27 ’20 900w

Outlook 125:466 Jl 7 ’20 2750w

“Mr Trevelyan has put us heavily in his debt by so agreeably

presenting a character about whom too little has been known in the
past. Mere personal intimacies are subordinated to historical
perspective, and we gain a shrewd insight of a psychology under the
stress of problems not unlike those now confronting the world.”

+ Review 3:250 S 22 ’20 2450w

 “While we refuse to admire Mr Trevelyan’s hero, we have nothing
but praise for Mr Trevelyan. The note of urbanity is never absent
from his writing; his style is free from the exuberance, the piling up
of effects by antitheses and adjectives, and the lack of humour, which
mar the earlier books of his distinguished father.”

+ Sat R 129:304 Mr 27 ’20 1300w

“The author, except in his occasional Whiggish outbursts, writes as

a sober historian and states the facts fairly.”

+ Spec 124:423 Mr 27 ’20 1700w

+ Springf’d Republican p13a My 20 ’20
1050w (Reprinted from The Times
[London] Lit Sup p193 Mr 25 ’20)

“The biography is an excellent history of the time and one that

repays reading for its analogies with the present.” G: F. Whicher

+ Springf’d Republican p9a N 14 ’20 830w

“Within its own limits and for its own public the work could not be
better done, and will confirm and establish its author’s reputation as
a biographer and historian. It is brilliantly written, and the right
reader, especially the lover of English political history, will not
willingly lay it down till he has drunk his cup of pleasure to the last
drop. It is full, too, of interesting judgments on matters which only
incidentally come within its scope.”
 + The Times [London] Lit Sup p193 Mr
25 ’20 3200w

TREVELYAN, JANET PENROSE (WARD)

(MRS GEORGE MACAULAY TREVELYAN).
Short history of the Italian people, from the
barbarian invasions to the attainment of unity. il *$5
Putnam 945
20–6767

The writer was impressed with the need of a short history of Italy
while giving a series of lantern lectures on Italian history to London
school children in 1902. The present volume, which the author
modestly calls a “summary” is the result “of a deep and growing love
for the subject, of many wanderings in the bypaths of Italy, and of an
inherited affection for her present population.” (Preface) She
disclaims having made any original research, studied the archives, or
made new discoveries. “But I have endeavoured, by using the work
already done on each period by Italian, British, French, and German
scholars, and by illuminating it with the sayings of contemporary
writers, to present a narrative as near the truth as it was possible for
me to make it.” (Preface) Partial contents: Italy in the century
preceding the barbarian invasions (284–395); The barbarian
invasions (395–476); The beginnings of the middle ages (800–
1002); The rise of the cities, and their conflict with Frederick
Barbarossa (1100–1183); Rome and the papacy during the fourteenth
century (1305–1389); Italy in the sixteenth century; Napoleon’s first
conquest of Italy (1792–1799); The years of revolution (1846–1849);
The completion of Italian unity (1860–1870); Epilogue;
Bibliography; Index. There are twenty-four illustrations and six
maps.
 “Mrs Trevelyan has wrestled with the difficulties of her subject
with marked success. She has a thorough grasp of essentials and a
due sense of proportion which have enabled her to produce an
admirably balanced, well-arranged book, while she writes in a way
that is sure to make it widely read.” L. C.-M.

+ Ath p237 Ag 20 ’20 1050w

+ Booklist 17:67 N ’20

“The chapters are well arranged and in all but the spirit of the
presentation of the material, satisfactory.”

+ − Cath World 112:687 F ’21 130w

“As is the case with all English histories of Italy, the least
satisfactory part of the book is the ‘Epilogue,’ which treats of the fifty
years since 1870.” W. M.

+ − Eng Hist R 35:628 O ’20 370w

Ind 104:67 O 9 ’20 40w

“The author failed to grasp, or rather utilize, the proper hypothesis

—to write the story of the communities as influenced by individuals
and extract from that story not what was merely entertaining, but
what permanently influenced the future.” Walter Littlefield

+ − N Y Times p22 Ag 22 ’20 1850w

 “As regards political history the volume is valuable, but its author
does not sufficiently emphasize Italy’s glory in her men of art,
literature, science, and religion.”

+ Outlook 125:542 Jl 21 ’20 200w

“Popular histories of Italy in English are not many. This one is

likely to be recognized very soon as among the best.”

+ R of Rs 62:223 Ag ’20 70w

“Mrs Trevelyan has accomplished a feat which we should have

deemed hardly possible, in view of the fascinating complexity of the
subject. Her book is intensely interesting, and we commend it
heartily.”

+ Spec 125:180 Ag 7 ’20 1250w

“It might be suggested that she is apt to overrate the capacity of

her reader to grasp from a few words the summaries and the
conclusions that have been formed by the writer after long and
extended study and reflexion. Mrs Trevelyan has every right to
assume that her fresh, lively, and sympathetic appreciation cannot be
superfluous.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p431 Jl 8

’20 1600w

TRIDON, ANDRÉ. Psychoanalysis: its history,

theory and practice. *$2 (3c) Huebsch 130
 A popular treatment of psychoanalysis. The author has attempted
“to sum up in a concise form the views of the greatest American and
foreign analysts which at present are scattered in hundreds of books,
pamphlets and magazine articles.” (Preface) The author is not an
unqualified Freudian, holding that Jung, Adler and others have
contributed much of value to the new science. Among the chapter
titles are: The history of psychoanalytic research; The unconscious
and the urges; Night dreams and day dreams; Symbols, the language
of the dream; The dreams of the human race; The psychology of
everyday actions; Feminism and radicalism; The psychology of wit;
The artistic temperament; The psychoanalytic treatment; The new
ethics. There is a glossary of terms used, and a bibliography, but the
book lacks an index.

“This book is more valuable than the usual popular exposition of

psychoanalysis. Clearly written.”

+ Booklist 16:230 Ap ’20

“The present book is by no means a good fulfillment of its

avowedly popular purpose. A Freudian critic might say that the
disorderly arrangement of its material reveals a mental disturbance
of a most alarming character. That much of the subject matter is
extremely illuminating goes without saying, but the author
constantly betrays, as do nearly all writers upon this subject, an
astonishingly uncritical habit of mind in the interpretation of specific
cases analyzed.” C. M. S.

− + Grinnell R 15:259 O ’20 440w

“In a field that has developed a considerable wealth of literature,

this book of Tridon’s is a distinct and welcome contribution to the
subject.” W: J. Fielding
 + N Y Call p10 My 23 ’20 650w

“The volume is wholly a compilation and done without display of

literary skill or apparent intimacy with the subject. Any one who
wishes to get a comprehensive synopsis of the position of
psychoanalysis today may get it with greater readiness and
satisfaction from ‘Psychoanalysis and its place in life’ by Miss M. K.
Bradby, than from the book in question.” Joseph Collins

− + N Y Evening Post p5 N 27 ’20 1250w

“Dr Tridon has carried out his purpose of furnishing in brief

compass a survey of the large bearings upon the affairs of mind,
normal and abnormal, which underlie the practice of psycho-
analysis. But this is not the long awaited and still awaited book which
will give the intelligent and critical public some satisfactory account
of the animus and the technique and the background of the Freudian
system. Dr Tridon tells us far too much of the several schisms and
divergences of Freud and his followers.”

+ − Review 3:130 Ag 11 ’20 850w

“There is nothing original in it except some of Mr Tridon’s

opinions, which are not impressive.”

− Springf’d Republican p13a Ap 18 ’20

160w

“He is an industrious disciple and sets his matter out lucidly and
uncritically. He will give the intelligent reader some appreciation
both of the value of psychoanalytic work and (though unconsciously)
of some of the extravagances of psychoanalytic enthusiasts.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p723 N 4

’20 280w

TRIDON, ANDRÉ. Psychoanalysis and behavior.

*$2.50 (3½c) Knopf 130

This, the author’s second book on psychoanalysis, “is an attempt at

interpreting human conduct from the psychoanalytical point of
view.” Contents: The organism; Problems of childhood; Progress and
regressions; Sleep and dreams; Problems of sex; The psychoanalytic
treatment; The four schools of psychoanalysis; Index. Bibliographical
notes follow the chapters.

“A rather useful aspect of the book is the chapter distinguishing

the four schools of psychoanalysis headed respectively by Freud,
Jung, Adler, and Kempf.”

+ − Nation 111:694 D 15 ’20 40w

“Mr Tridon’s second volume, ‘Psychoanalysis and behavior,’ is far

more meritorious than the first. It shows that he has examined
psychoanalytic literature and that he is able to percolate it through
his conscious mind with much ease and some grace.” Joseph Collins

+ − N Y Evening Post p5 N 27 ’20 520w

 TRINE, GRACE STEELE (HYDE) (MRS
RALPH WALDO TRINE), comp. Dreams and
voices; songs of mother, father and child. $2
Womans press 821.08

It is the aim of this anthology of contemporary poetry “to present

some of the best poems on the mother and child relationship written
in recent years, not forgetting to include several that deal also with
the love of father and child.” (Foreword) It is a de luxe edition with a
frontispiece in color by Clinton Brown.

“The fact that most of the material is of quite recent creation gives
the volume an interest not shared by older anthologies of the same
character.”

+ Freeman 2:262 N 24 ’20 120w

“There is necessarily much sentimentality, much vatic utterance,

much capitalization and saccharinity. De la Mare’s ‘Rachel’ is a relief
from some of it, tender without being ‘sweet.’”

+ − N Y Evening Post p17 N 13 ’20 220w

TROUBETZKOY, AMÉLIE (RIVES)

princess. As the wind blew. *$1.75 Stokes 811
20–17896
 Some of the poems in this collection are reprinted from other
sources but many appear in print for the first time. The collection
opens with a memorial poem to Adair Archer and the grouping of the
contents is under the headings: Rhymes and rhythms; Balkan songs;
The wonderful child; Of Babylon; Fantasia; Autumn and winter.

“The technique of poetry is vividly manifest in the present volume

of poems, as well as some ingenuity and warm imagination; but the
dramatic lucidity of emotion is still absent.”

+ − N Y Evening Post p12 N 27 ’20 200w

TUCKER, IRWIN ST JOHN. History of

imperialism. *$2.25 Rand school of social science
321.03

“There is a straight line of descent from the throne of Menes to the

chair of Wilson; a straight course of empire from that far off day
when Upper and Lower Egypt were united beneath the crown of the
first empire, to the day when the expanding credits of America forced
her imperial merchants to create an imperial figurehead. Our
symptoms of imperialism are identical with those which all budding
empires have displayed.” (Foreword) For a better understanding of
imperialism the book takes up the study of the separate nations from
earliest history both before and after the great spotlight of imperial
power picked them out for the stage of some particular act. In
conclusion the author points out the two forces that are now
struggling in our political structure to head us either towards an
empire or an industrial republic. The book falls into two parts:
ancient and modern imperialism. Part 1 contains: The book of Egypt
—of Babylon—of Persia—of Greece—of Rome—of Nicea; part 2: The
book of Islam—of France—of Germany—of Spain; The strife of the
Eagles; The book of England—of India—of America.

“Throughout the work there are numerous excerpts from ancient

documents which are of absorbing interest and which throw a stream
of light into many dark corners. The style, too, is a departure from
the customary method of dealing with economic subjects. There is
only one defect in the making of the book that we note. There is no
index.” James Oneal

+ N Y Call p10 Ja 2 ’21 1050w

TUELL, HARRIET EMILY. Study of nations; an

experiment in social education. (Riverside
educational monographs) *80c Houghton 909
20–5596

This is a plea that we substitute for our old “dry as dust” method of
teaching history “an elementary study of nationality.” In a high
school course such as this book proposes, “each nation is carefully
considered by itself, that pupils may gain a definite impression of its
individual characteristics. First it is viewed as it appears today; then
its development is briefly traced. After this historic background has
been sketched in, an attempt is made to evaluate the peculiar gifts of
the country and its people to the sum of modern civilization.”
(Preface) This is a pioneer book, for the use of teachers, and, as such,
the main part of it is devoted to helpfully suggestive material,
outlines, and comments upon the following nations: France,
England, Germany, Russia, Italy, Austro-Hungary, Turkey and the
Balkan states, China, Japan, and the Philippine Islands (“a nation in
the making”). The book includes a complete bibliographical list, and
a connected outline of all the chapters. The chapters on China and
Japan were contributed by Dr K. S. Latourette. Dr Tuell is the head
of the department of history, Somerville high school, Massachusetts.

Booklist 16:239 Ap ’20

“Books of this sort are undoubtedly useful to teachers who have

access to well-equipped libraries and are themselves trained to get
the materials out of these libraries, but the movement which Miss
Tuell represents will hardly be successful until someone has
prepared in detail and in a form that can be presented to children the
materials that she has gone over in outline. The book is in this sense
a first step in the direction of actual school use of this sort of
material.”

+ − El School J 20:547 Mr ’20 380w

School R 28:312 Ap ’20 380w

[2]
TUOHY, FERDINAND. Secret corps. *$2
Seltzer 940.485
(Eng ed 20–11008)

“Captain Tuohy deals with all the methods of espionage and

counter-espionage practised during the war, enlivening his
exposition here and there with anecdotes. He explains incidentally
the value of seemingly harmless military details to an alert enemy
and thus justifies the censorship. He declares that our own system
proved highly efficient and that our French allies had, after February,
1916, to implore the assistance of our secret service in Germany as all
their own agents had been captured. The British system was based
on the principle that each agent should know and be known to his
chief alone.”—Spec

“‘The secret corps’ is thrilling in its every paragraph, and, speaking

personally, it is the first book of the war we have enjoyed for two
years.”

+ N Y Evening Post p13 D 31 ’20 170w

“This volume has value unsurpassed, if not unequaled, by any

other that has dealt with the same material.”

+ N Y Times p26 Ja 30 ’21 420w

Reviewed by E. L. Pearson

Review 3:229 S 15 ’20 340w

Spec 124:872 Je 26 ’20 160w

TURNER, EDWARD RAYMOND. Europe,

1789–1920. *$3.50 Doubleday 940.2
20–17882

The raison d’être of the book is the alteration in historical

perspective wrought by the last few years which makes the epoch
since 1789 “the most important and interesting in the history of
mankind. It began with a revolution whose effects are not yet all
measured; it ended with another whose consequences can scarcely
yet even be guessed at.” (Preface) During this period immense
changes took place in the relations of people with each other, with
their governments, with capitalists and employers, in the attitude of
people toward the problems of the world in which they lived, and in
their habits of thought. The book falls into two parts: 1789–1871; and
1871–1920. The outstanding points of part one are the old Europe
before, during and after the French revolution, the Congress of
Vienna, the rise of Prussia after 1870 and the condition of Russia
during the period. Part two begins with the military triumphs of
Germany between 1864–1871, its subsequent development and that
of the other great powers, and treats of events before and during the
great war. There are numerous maps, a bibliography at the end of
each chapter, an appendix and an index.

“About the completest single volume history of Europe covering

the years between the two most epochal events in her experience.
Excellent historical work.”

+ Boston Transcript p6 N 17 ’20 300w

“It is naïve, sincere, and, if the English is sometimes colloquial,

one has no difficulty in understanding what the author means. It is a
book intended to be read by the person of average cultivation, and
not very much instruction—and judged from that point of view the
author’s task is very well done.” M. F. Egan

+ − N Y Times p5 D 19 ’20 2700w

“In style and method the latter half of the book is somewhat like
those editorial summaries of current events contained in some of the
best modern journals. It is concise, considered, rather neutral, but
useful for exactly the purpose for which it was designed. The book’s
value lies not so much in the backward glimpses of the past from the
present point of view as in the light thrown forward on the war and
upon our present state by the course of events since 1879.”

+ No Am 213:138 Ja ’21 750w

TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON. Frontier in

American history. *$2.50 Holt 973
20–18058

Professor Turner’s essay on “The significance of the frontier in

American history” was read at a meeting of the American historical
association in Chicago in 1893 and has had a profound influence on
American historical thinking and writing. It is to be found in the
Proceedings of the State historical society of Wisconsin for 1893, and
in the Report of the American historical association for the same year
and is reprinted here together with other papers bearing on the same
theme. A statement of his thesis may be taken from “The West and
American ideals”: “American democracy was born of no theorist’s
dream; it was not carried in the Susan Constant to Virginia, nor in
the Mayflower to Plymouth. It came out of the American forest, and
it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier.” The
other papers are: The first official frontier of the Massachusetts bay;
The old West; The middle West; The Ohio valley in American
history; The significance of the Mississippi valley in American
history; The problem of the West; Dominant forces in western life;
Contributions of the West to American democracy; Pioneer ideals
and the state university; Social forces in American history; Middle
western pioneer democracy.
 “Interesting to students or general readers.”

+ Booklist 17:109 D ’20

+ Boston Transcript p6 N 3 ’20 880w
+ Grinnell R 16:356 F ’21 720w
+ Ind 104:249 N 13 ’20 70w

“The high significance of this work has long been recognized by

writers on American history; but if the influence of Mr Turner were
to be estimated on the basis of his published work alone, it would be
accounted far less than it has in fact been.” Carl Becker

+ Nation 111:536 N 10 ’20 1050w

“Though the chapters in this book are essays on aspects of frontier

history and written at different times, they might well have been
written within a few months. The book contains a fund of
information, clearly reasoned, significantly and concisely expressed.
It is readable, and it is suggestive.” C. L. Skinner

+ N Y Evening Post p6 D 4 ’20 800w

N Y Times p10 N 7 ’20 1500w

“Are we hypercritical in thinking that essays of such pith and

moment demand a better format?”

+ − Outlook 126:558 N 24 ’20 60w

 “The present volume sets forth in the clearest possible manner the
view of American expansion which has inspired and illuminated all
of Professor Turner’s work from the beginning. Among all American
historians no one has so fully caught the meaning of the frontier in
our national development.”

+ R of Rs 63:110 Ja ’21 200w

“As a treatise, Prof. Turner’s book loses something from being a

compilation of articles and addresses, but it makes an excellent
general presentation of a subject which is insufficiently understood
by the average American, yet is so fascinating that any reader will be
thankful to have it brought to his attention.”

+ Springf’d Republican p9a O 24 ’20

1050w

“The book is highly suggestive to one who wishes to understand

the American attitude toward social problems and the course which
social work has taken in America.” Lilian Brandt

+ Survey 45:578 Ja 15 ’21 200w

Wis Lib Bul 16:236 D ’20 200w

TURNER, GEORGE KIBBE. Hagar’s hoard.

*$2.25 (2c) Knopf
20–17178
 The story describes a yellow fever epidemic in Memphis in 1878 in
all its weirdness and horror. In a large brick house lived an old man,
Athiel Hagar, with his daughter and adopted nephew. The man is a
miser and many are the stories current among the negroes about the
fabulous sums he has hoarded in his house. His property is his
obsession which keeps him rooted in the house when fleeing from
the fever is the only sane thing to do. At last he succumbs to the
enemy and in his last death agony accidentally pulls the cord which
brings his treasure down upon him, burying the dead man under it.

Booklist 17:119 D ’20

“The plot of ‘Hagar’s hoard’ is unconvincing as regards its chief

motive. Then, too, the characters are sadly stock-in-trade. Even the
negroes are grossly machine-made and lack warmth and conviction,
and the author certainly has overlooked a fine opportunity to add
color and the throb of life to a fairly interesting tale.”

+ − N Y Evening Post p21 O 23 ’20 320w

“Mr Turner has unfortunately made a full-length novel out of what

should have been a long short story, or at most, a novelette. The plot
is of the very slightest. The merit of the book lies in its excellent
description of the fever-stricken town, but excellent as this is it
becomes wearisome when repeated again and again.”

+ − N Y Times p23 O 24 ’20 700w