UNIT 1 STUDYING ABROAD

VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE
I am (‘m) a good student.
You are (‘re) a good student.
You / We / They are (‘re) good students.
He / She is (‘s) a good student.
It is (‘s) a fast car.
NEGATIVE
I am not (‘m not) a good student.
You are not (aren’t) a good student.
You / We / They are not (aren’t) good students.
He / She is not (isn’t) a good student.
It is not (isn’t) a fast car.
INTERROGATIVE
Am I a good student? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t
Are you a good student? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Is he she a good student? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Is it a fast car? Yes, it can. / No, it can’t.
Note: We do not repeat the whole question in short answers. We only use Yes / no, the
subject pronoun and the appropriate verb form.
• We use the long form of the verb to be in positive short answers.
Is he from Greece? Yes, he is. (NOT: Yes,he’s.)
• We use the short form of the verb to be in negative short answers.
Are you from Spain? No, I’m not. (NOT: No, I am not.)
EXERCISES
A. Fill in am, is, are, am not, isn’t or aren’t.
1. A : Where______ Carlos from?
B : He _____ from Italy.
2. A : _____ you from Brazil?
B : No, I _______. I _____ from Spain.
3. A : _____ they Greek?
B : Yes, they _____.
4. A : ____ she your sister?
B : No, she _______
5. A : Your friends ______ students at a school of tourism, aren’t they?
B : No, they _________
B. Put the words in the correct order.
1. you / a / student / university / _____________________________________________________
2. sister / My / old / years / is / nineteen _______________________________________________
3. is / English / subject / my / favourite _________________________________________________
4. isn’t / Matthew / Ireland / from _____________________________________________________.
5. room / Her / very / is / big ___________________________________________________________
6. you / in / class 9B / Are / your / and / friend __________________________________________________
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
• We use personal subject pronouns before verbs instead of nouns or names.
Heather is an opera singer. She is from Italy.
I / you / he / she / it / you / we / they
I always with a capital letter
You in the singular and plural
He for a man or a boy
She for a woman or a girl
It for an animal or a thing
We for people
They for people, animals or things
EXERCISES
A. Look at the words in brackets and complete the sentence with the correct subject pronoun.
1. _________ is watching TV. (George)
2. _________ is white. (the board)
3. _________ are on the wall. (the posters)
4. ________ are running. (the cats)
5. ________ are cleaning our rooms. (my sister and I)
6. _______ are riding his bike. (Tom and Susan)
7. _______ have got a dog. My dog’s name is Berry.
8. ______ is from Bristol. (Victoria)
9. ________ are in the garden. (the flowers)
10. Are ________ coming, Joe?
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
We use possessive adjectives before nouns to show
• that something belongs to somebody.
This is his bike.
• the relationship between two or more people.
She is my mum.
We put possessive adjectives before no􀁘ns.
These are her books.
Subject Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I my
you your
we our
they their
he his
she her
it its
EXERCISES
A. Fill in the blanks with his, her, its, my, our, your, their.
1. Bill is my cousin. ________ bike is green.
2. Mike and Peter are Irish. _________ parents are teachers.
3. I am interested in movies. __________ favourite director is Steven Spielberg.
4. Linda is the new student. __________hair is red.
5. We are from Sweden. ___________classmates are French and Turkish.
6. You are tall but ___________brother is short.
7. My dog is so cute. __________ name is Dark.
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. My twin brothers ............... eighteen years old.
a) am b) is c) are
2. This is my friend Linda. ............... favourite sport is tennis.
a) Her b) She c) His
3. Look at Jill and Sue’s cat. ............... colour is white and grey.
a) It b) Its c) Their
4. Who is that with your brother? .............. best friend.
a) He b) His c) Her
5. My favourite subjects.............. History and Literature.
a) are b) is c) am
HAVE GOT / HAS GOT
We use the verb have got / has got
• to show that something belongs to somebody.
Jason has got a new camera.
• to describe characteristics of people.
Justine has got fair hair with hazel eyes.
• to talk about relationships.
I have got three brothers.
AFFIRMATIVE
Subject have got (‘ve got) / has got (’s got) Object
I / You / We / They have got (‘ve got) a lovely house.
He / She / It has got (’s got) a lovely house.
NEGATIVE
Subject have not got (haven’t got) /
has not got (hasn’t got) Object
I / You / We / They have not got (haven’t got) a lovely house.
He / She / It has not got (hasn’t got) a lovely house.
INTERROGATIVE
Have / Has Subject got Object
Short Answers
Have I / you / we / they got a lovely house?
Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
Has he / she / it got a lovely house.
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Yes, it has./ No, it hasn’t.
Note: In short answers, we do not use got.
Have you got a big garden? Yes, I have. (NOT Yes, I have got.)
EXERCISES
A. Choose the correct option.
1. Have / Has Simon got a wardrobe in his room?
2. My grandparents have / has got a big house with a swimming pool.
3. Have / Has your twin sister got a laptop?
4. Sheila haven’t / hasn’t got a TV in her bedroom.
5. What have / has your sister got in her hand?
B. Put the words in the correct order.
1. got / has / Jane / camera / new / a _______________________________
2. Have / a / you / sister / got _______________________________
3. Sue / got / eyes / hair / blonde / has / and / green ______________________________________
4. you / got / new / a / phone / Have _________________________________________________
5. big / living room / My / have / a / got / grandparents ______________________________________
IMPERATIVES
We use the imperatives to
• give orders : Stop that man!
• give instructions : Open the box first.
• offer something : Have some coffee.
• make a request : Be quiet, please.
We form the imperative with the base form of the verb, without the subject. - Stand up!
We form the negative imperative with do not / don’t and the base form of the verb. - Don’t speak.
A. Fill in the blanks using “positive imp.” or “don’t” where necessary.
1. look at the camera and move.
2. You are very thirsty. drink some water.
3. Your room is very untidy. tidy your room.
4. There is a good program on this channel. change the channel.
5. I haven’t got any bread. pass the bread please.
6. It is very cold. take your jacket off.
7. The weather is very hot. put your anorak on.
8. I am not very thirsty. pass the water.
9. Your t-shirt is very dirty. take your t-shirt off.
10. Your little brother is asleep. make a noise.