Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science 4(1):1-4, 2024

ROJBAS Publications ONLINE ISSN: 1115-9200

https://rojournals.org/roj-biological-and-applied-science/ PRINT ISSN: 1115-6120

https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJBAS/2024/4114 Page | 1

The Impact of Public Health on Health Monitoring

Wambui Kibibi J.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT
The relationship between public health and health monitoring has evolved significantly, shaped by
historical developments, technological advancements, and changing societal needs. This paper examines
the mutual influence of public health initiatives and health-monitoring systems, particularly in the
context of late 20th-century England. The historical perspective highlights the role of public health
efforts in establishing systematic health monitoring, which was critical for addressing widespread health
issues. Key public health concepts and their implications for health monitoring are discussed, followed by
an exploration of modern technological advancements, such as mobile health applications and wearable
devices, which have transformed personal and population health management. Finally, the paper
considers challenges and future directions, focusing on ethical concerns, the role of big data, and the need
for integrated global health strategies. The paper argues that public health and health monitoring are
increasingly interdependent, with advancements in health monitoring playing a vital role in shaping the
future of public health.
Keywords: Public health, Health monitoring, Technological advancements, Health surveillance,
Wearable devices.
INTRODUCTION
Public health issues have been recognized for centuries, but more recently we have become both more
concerned with and more reliant on systems for health monitoring. The impact of public health on health-
monitoring initiatives and of health monitoring on public health is substantial. Health monitoring
regimes play a key role in interventions to improve public health [1,2]. Health monitoring activities,
systems, and programs remain important regardless of the complex and continually shifting health-
related challenges that face us. In today's world, the stakes are high and involve competing, sometimes
conflicting interests and values, often having international and political consequences. It is appropriate
that we are concerned with identifying contemporary ways to improve public health, including health
monitoring, better [1, 2]. The present review on the relationship between public health and health
monitoring in late twentieth-century England contains six sections, with divergent foci but similar
objectives. The paper looks briefly at the past, paying attention to recent historical developments in
public health and the efforts made to monitor and better understand the health of populations through the
expansion of statistical records and other health-monitoring initiatives [3]. The paper introduces key
concepts before providing a broad-based attempt to establish an integrated but discrete relationship
between public health and health monitoring. They are first, do current 'risk factor strategies' successfully
promote health? Secondly, do 'risk management' technologies in general include potential health hazard
alerts for those savvy enough to use them? Finally, it must be asked whether modern technologies,
alluring as they are, could potentially enhance our capacity to recapture a public health monitoring focus
[3, 4].

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License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Historical Development of Public Health and Health Monitoring
Systematic public health as a discipline was created out of the settlements of human management. Its
predecessor aimed to protect the organizations controlling treatments, prevention, or cure to protect the
weak members of the associations. The existence of such efforts may have gone unnoticed if the dominant
society’s members had not always experienced the continuously present control and organizational
activities that provided shelter, food, and the provision of political status [4]. The series of such historical
settlements was shaped by societal developments. The development of the division of labor and the social Page | 2
change of societies integrated into the era of urbanization promoted a change in point of view: until the
middle of the 19th century, people's vulnerability was defined in the direction of helping the
disadvantaged, which became the focal point. In this era, monitoring was mostly narrow sectoral since it
was mainly based on the routine administrative data of the patients treated by the great inns of the
culture of the greater part of society [5]. Luckily, the starting attitude had changed significantly,
affecting the image of longevity influenced by these health risk figures, although unfortunately not
immediately for all. A cholera epidemic threatened the European political elite in 1868, which resulted in
the measure of the General Directorate of Social and Health Statistics Medicine, one of its administrative
branches yielding the task of aid dispersal [4]. While political influence remained present, the profession
of public health took up the notion of health and created university departments right away. The bridge
between these first professional developments and the comprehensive approach and acknowledgment of
the significant environmental impact of individual lifestyle choices was created by a significant
attachment to hygiene, which included a series of public educational and built environment-related
interventions. I started myself—the doctor is protecting public health. This principle still follows directly
the summary of practical treatments and protective mechanism selection, and professional’s direct
pandemic management. The emergency and authority frame of public health recalls a historical past, with
its attributes. In some countries, police novels are still being used. Public health harms and health
monitoring had just more than survivors, spoiled, and decay [6]. Our era is less occupied with saving a
doctor’s life system or relief from misery, although it is still rapidly developing. For the birth of public
health—of national state controls and regulations—there were great contradictions to be resolved.
Groups of citizen protection with the control activities performed need to be mobilized and educated.
Trading ports of foreign traders can refuse to accept the quarantine measures if these measures are strict.
Societies in the Middle Ages established forced intermittent stays for one month at hospitals for being
exposed to infection and to be observed before city entry. These measures of human rights limitations are
not easily explained to cooperating nations as both players. The realization occurred to ensure and
maintain healthy stability throughout the population [7]. The goal of healthy stability encompasses the
notion of minimizing health hazards and promoting public health for the benefit of future generations.
The summary follows: in the face of a lively professional pace, the practiced technique and methodology
cannot be as effective as expected in current social contexts. The times of those procedures create
instructions on the publicities below that can always change. The methods for the adoption of public state
services for health—social and administrative aspects—demand a full widespread explanation concerning
health, needing guidelines to understand that public health is socially accepted and public services are
encouraged. Our mission, from another point of view, emphasizes insistent efforts on behalf of protecting
and contributing to public health under excellent circumstances. Thus, people in poor health will benefit
[5, 6].
Key Concepts in Public Health and Health Monitoring
Public Health
Public health is the science and art of disease prevention, prolonging life, and promoting health and well-
being through the organized efforts of society. Addressing the public health needs of the population is a
complex task, as it entails the principled work of a wide range of sectors and organizations, from health,
non-government, community, and private sectors, alongside individuals, families, and communities [8].
To inform this work, society needs to measure the prevalence and causes of health conditions in
populations; look for evidence-based approaches in treating, managing, and, wherever possible,
preventing poor health that can be implemented across the population; and we need to work together to
address the factors that lead to poor health, prioritizing those with the greatest capacity to maximize
health outcomes. This discipline is referred to as public health [7, 8].

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License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Health Monitoring
Health monitoring is the term used to describe ongoing and systematic processes of data collection,
analysis, interpretation, and communication that are used to track changes in the health of populations
and inform policy and program-making [5]. Monitoring health is central to our understanding of health:
the term health and its factors can be assessed through a range of health status indicators, such as the
prevalence of a health condition, the incidence of new cases of a health condition, prevalence and
determinants of behavioral risk factors for poor health. When we monitor for these elements of health, it Page | 3
allows us to target health promotion and prevention strategies, evaluate the effectiveness of these
strategies, and compare the health of populations related to time, geography, age, sex, and socioeconomic
status [9, 10].
Technological Advancements in Health Monitoring
Technological advancements have transformed many areas of healthcare in recent years, including how
we monitor our health. Advances in information technology, data analytics, and mobile telehealth services
have incorporated health-monitoring tools and strategies [10]. Importantly, the major rise in wearable
devices and mobile health applications offers both a sense of personal responsibility for one's own health
as well as real-time tracking of health-related variables. Data generated from such apps can be analyzed to
provide individuals with exercise, diet, and other health advice. Also changing from the development of
advanced technology is how data are stored and managed. This registry data on patient presentations,
referrals, and treatments for examination across participating services [11, 12]. These rapid strides in
technology have meant a shift in the collection and interpretation of current and future health monitoring
technologies. Large amounts of individualized data in a plethora of areas can be collected every second
and within relevant monitoring episodes [8]. Such excessive health data are presented to an increasingly
connected public health and clinical workforce and may lead to improved habits as a result. With more
personalized care, greater patient engagement can be achieved, theoretically increasing awareness of
health effects and potential improvements in health behavior. Whereas individual electronic health data
are difficult to obtain, researchers can look for reliable trends in health data for a specific group of people.
This becomes particularly relevant for public health surveillance as the public use of technology is
introduced into policy and public health practice [13, 14].
Challenges and Future Directions in Public Health and Health Monitoring
Public health is one of the leading societal challenges requiring an urgent and unified response.
Healthcare transformation cooperates with medical standards updating as alterations in citizen health
management. Moreover, the development of sensitive infrastructures is an urgent need to support
communities' living arrangements and connect with other experts. Monitoring public health and
surveillance requires appropriate reactive policies focused on guaranteeing the observance of community
well-being associated with a back-office infrastructural service for predictive models [9]. The new
European privacy regulation focuses on considering patients as final data owners, guaranteeing security
and privacy issues and individuals' personalities. First, it is an unfinished task to develop tuned health
monitoring able to help everyone reach the best possible well-being outcome. Ethical issues permeate
citizen health insurance and care, where informed citizens have access to self-care management while
others rely on traditional health insurance services [10]. Moreover, a tailored approach aiming at the
active aging of marginalized communities and delicate ecosystems is not yet known. The lack of an
agreement promoting an innovative and unified monitoring system reinforces the difficulty of securing
society. Due to global health crises such as pandemics or microbial terrorism and large projects, it is
mandatory to establish science-driven and interdisciplinary research and protocols to interchange
expertise and share sensitive data using safe devices [15, 16].
CONCLUSION
Public health and health monitoring have a symbiotic relationship, with each influencing the evolution of
the other. The development of public health strategies has led to more structured and effective health
monitoring systems, while advancements in monitoring technologies, such as wearable devices and data
analytics, have empowered both individuals and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions
about health management. Despite these advances, challenges remain, particularly regarding the ethical
management of personal health data and the need for unified global approaches to health surveillance. As
public health crises like pandemics become more frequent, the integration of advanced health-monitoring
technologies will be crucial to improving public health outcomes, ensuring equitable healthcare access,
and creating resilient healthcare systems for the future.

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License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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CITE AS: Wambui Kibibi J. (2024). The Impact of Public Health on Health
Monitoring. Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science 4(1):1-4.
https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJBAS/2024/4114

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.