1. What is immunity?

B) Skin
A) The body’s ability to generate heat C) Lymphocytes
B) The ability of an organism to resist infection D) Tears
C) A specific kind of physical barrier
D) None of the above 9. The lacrimal apparatus helps to:
A) Produce digestive enzymes
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of innate B) Secrete hormones
immunity? C) Drain and manufacture tears
A) Targets specific pathogens D) Filter blood
B) Has memory components
C) Built-in capacity to target common pathogens 10. How does saliva contribute to the immune
D) Triggered by exposure to pathogens defense?
A) By cooling the body
3. The primary effector cells in innate immunity are: B) By promoting wound healing
A) Lymphocytes C) By diluting microorganisms and washing them
B) Neurons away
C) Phagocytes D) By transporting white blood cells
D) Platelets
11. Which of the following is a chemical barrier in the
4. Which of the following is a first-line defense of the immune system?
innate immune system? A) Cilia
A) NK cells B) Perspiration
B) Skin C) White blood cells
C) Lymphocytes D) Red blood cells
D) Antibodies
12. The acidity of gastric juice helps in immunity by:
5. Which innate immunity component involves A) Neutralizing acids
proteins that produce inflammation and fever? B) Enhancing nutrient absorption
A) First-line defenses C) Destroying bacteria and most toxins
B) Second-line defenses D) Increasing metabolism
C) Third-line defenses
D) None of the above 13. What is the primary function of phagocytes in the
immune system?
6. Adaptive immunity is characterized by: A) To produce antibodies
A) Lack of specificity B) To engulf and destroy pathogens
B) Immediate response C) To transport oxygen
C) Memory component D) To regulate temperature
D) Absence of lymphocytes
14. Inflammation is characterized by all of the
7. Which cells are the primary effector cells of following except:
adaptive immunity? A) Pain
A) Red blood cells B) Coldness
B) Phagocytes C) Redness
C) Lymphocytes D) Swelling
D) Fibroblasts
15. The purpose of fever in the immune response is
8. Which of the following is not a physical barrier in to:
the immune system? A) Increase body temperature for comfort
A) Mucus
 B) Slow pathogen growth and enhance immune C) Acting as a lubricant for joints
functions D) Enhancing nutrient absorption
C) Decrease metabolism 23. Lysozyme, found in tears and saliva, functions to:
D) Stimulate nerve endings A) Break down bacterial cell walls
B) Increase pH
16. What mechanism describes how phagocytes stick C) Cool the body
to blood vessels? D) Decrease inflammation
A) Diapedesis
B) Margination 24. Cervical mucus and vaginal secretions inhibit
C) Opsonization microbial growth by:
D) Transmigration A) Decreasing acidity
B) Increasing pH
17. What is pus composed of? C) Creating an acidic environment
A) Only dead bacteria D) Producing enzymes
B) Dead microbes, granulocytes, and macrophages
C) Only live bacteria 25. The earwax has a low pH, which helps:
D) Blood cells only A) Improve hearing
B) Lubricate the ear canal
18. What is the main role of the complement system C) Inhibit the growth of many pathogenic microbes
in immunity? D) Increase microbial growth
A) To cool down the body
B) To destroy microbes and enhance phagocytosis 26. The flow of urine helps prevent microbial
C) To produce antibodies colonization by:
D) To transport nutrients A) Diluting microorganisms
B) Introducing beneficial bacteria
19. Opsonization in the immune system refers to: C) Providing nutrients to microbes
A) Reducing inflammation D) Decreasing the pH of the urinary tract
B) Cooling the body
C) Coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis 27. What does the process of margination involve?
D) Increasing blood flow A) Phagocytes moving out of the blood vessels
B) Leukocytes sticking to the blood vessel walls
20. Gamma interferon is an example of: C) The formation of pus
A) An enzyme D) The migration of lymphocytes to the site of
B) A protein in the cytokine family that prevents infection
viral replication
C) A type of white blood cell 28. What is the primary function of mucus in the
D) A bacterial cell component respiratory tract?
A) To trap and remove pathogens
21. Granulocytes are differentiated from B) To facilitate gas exchange
agranulocytes by: C) To absorb nutrients
A) The presence of cytoplasmic granules D) To regulate pH
B) Their shape
C) Their ability to move 29. What contributes to the low pH of gastric juice?
D) Their color A) Bile
B) Pepsin
22. Sebum contributes to defending against pathogens C) Hydrochloric acid
by: D) Sodium bicarbonate
A) Increasing muscle activity
B) Forming a protective film over
30. Which of the following is NOT a component of the
innate immune system? 15. Sebum contributes to defending against pathogens
A) Skin by forming a protective film over the skin.
B) Lymphocytes
C) Phagocytes 16. Lysozyme found in tears and saliva increases pH.
D) Complement proteins
17. Vaginal secretions inhibit microbial growth by
1. Adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens to increasing acidity.
minimize their harmful effects.
18. Earwax has a neutral pH that promotes microbial
2. The innate immune system is triggered by exposure growth.
to specific pathogens.
19. The flow of urine prevents microbial colonization
3. Phagocytes are primary effector cells of adaptive by providing nutrients to microbes.
immunity.
20. Margination involves leukocytes sticking to the
4. First-line defenses of the innate immune system blood vessel walls.
include proteins that produce inflammation and fever.
Certainly! Here are the answers for both the multiple-
5. Adaptive immunity has memory components that choice questions and the true or false statements:
allow the body to respond more effectively to
subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. ### Multiple Choice Answers:

6. The lacrimal apparatus helps in the production of 1. B) The ability of an organism to resist infection
saliva. 2. C) Built-in capacity to target common pathogens
3. C) Phagocytes
7. The acidity of gastric juice helps in immunity by 4. B) Skin
enhancing nutrient absorption. 5. B) Second-line defenses
6. C) Memory component
8. Opsonization refers to the process of engulfing and 7. C) Lymphocytes
destroying pathogens. 8. C) Lymphocytes
9. C) Drain and manufacture tears
9. Inflammation is characterized by redness, pain, 10. C) By diluting microorganisms and washing them
heat, and sometimes loss of function. away
11. B) Perspiration
10. Fever slows pathogen growth and enhances 12. C) Destroying bacteria and most toxins
immune functions. 13. B) To engulf and destroy pathogens
14. B) Coldness
11. Phagocytes stick to the lining of blood vessels 15. B) Slow pathogen growth and enhance immune
during the process of diapedesis. functions
16. B) Margination
12. Pus is composed of dead bacteria, granulocytes, 17. B) Dead microbes, granulocytes, and macrophages
and macrophages. 18. B) To destroy microbes and enhance phagocytosis
19. C) Coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis
13. The complement system enhances phagocytosis 20. B) A protein in the cytokine family that prevents
by coating pathogens with antimicrobial proteins. viral replication
21. A) The presence of cytoplasmic granules
14. Gamma interferon is an example of a bacterial cell 22. B) Forming a protective film over the skin
component. 23. A) Break down bacterial cell walls
24. C) Creating an acidic environment
25. C) Inhibit the growth of many pathogenic microbes
26. A) Diluting microorganisms
27. B) Leukocytes sticking to the blood vessel walls
28. A) To trap and remove pathogens
29. C) Hydrochloric acid
30. B) Lymphocytes

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True
11. False
12. True
13. True
14. False
15. True
16. False
17. True
18. False
19. False
20. True