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Q1.Some airbags in cars contain sodium azide (NaN3).

(a) Sodium azide is made by reacting dinitrogen monoxide gas with sodium amide
(NaNH2) as shown by the equation.

2NaNH2 + N2O NaN3 + NaOH + NH3

Calculate the mass of sodium amide needed to obtain 550 g of sodium azide,
assuming there is a 95.0% yield of sodium azide.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(5)

(b) If a car is involved in a serious collision, the sodium azide decomposes to form
sodium and nitrogen as shown in the equation.

2NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

The nitrogen produced then inflates the airbag to a volume of 7.50 × 10−2 m3 at a
pressure of 150 kPa and temperature of 35 °C.

Calculate the minimum mass of sodium azide that must decompose.

(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1)

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 ........................................................................................................................

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(6)

(c) Sodium azide is toxic. It can be destroyed by reaction with an acidified solution of
nitrous acid (HNO2) as shown in the equation.

2NaN3 + 2HNO2 + 2HCl 3N2 + 2NO + 2NaCl + 2H2O

(i) A 500 cm3 volume of the nitrous acid solution was used to destroy completely
150 g of the sodium azide.

Calculate the concentration, in mol dm−3, of the nitrous acid used.

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(3)

(ii) Nitrous acid decomposes on heating.

Balance the following equation for this reaction.

........HNO2 .......HNO3 + .......NO + .......H2O

(1)

(d) Sodium azide has a high melting point.

Predict the type of bonding in a crystal of sodium azide.

Suggest why its melting point is high.

Type of bonding .............................................................................................

Reason for high melting point ........................................................................

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(3)

(e) The azide ion has the formula N3−

(i) The azide ion can be represented as N N − N−

One of these bonds is a co−ordinate bond.

On the following diagram, draw an arrowhead on one of the bonds to

represent the direction of donation of the lone pair in the co−ordinate bond.

N N − N− (1)

(ii) Give the formula of a molecule that has the same number of electrons as the
azide ion.

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(1)

(iii) Which is the correct formula of magnesium azide?

Tick (✓) one box.

Mg3N

MgN

MgN6

Mg3N2

(1)
(Total 21 marks)

Q2.Calamine lotion can contain a mixture of zinc carbonate and zinc oxide in suspension in

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 water. A manufacturer of calamine lotion claims that a sample contains 15.00 g of zinc
carbonate and 5.00 g of zinc oxide made up to 100 cm3 with distilled water.

(a) A chemist wanted to check the manufacturer’s claim. The chemist took a 20.0 cm3
sample of the calamine lotion and added it to an excess of sulfuric acid.
The volume of carbon dioxide evolved was measured over time. The chemist’s
results are shown in the table.

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135

Time / s

0 135 270 380 470 530 560 570 570 570

Volume / cm3

(i) Plot a graph of the results in the table on the grid. The volume should be on
the y-axis. Draw a best-fit curve through all the points.
(3)

(ii) Estimate the time taken for the reaction to be completed.

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(1)

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 (b) (i) The volume of carbon dioxide in part (a) was measured at 293 K and at a
pressure of 100 kPa.

Use information from your graph to calculate the maximum amount, in moles,
of carbon dioxide evolved from the zinc carbonate in this 20.0 cm3 sample.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

Show your working.

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(3)

(ii) Use your answer to part (i) to calculate the mass of zinc carbonate in the 20.0
cm3 sample of calamine lotion.

(If you were unable to complete part (i), you may assume that the amount of
carbon dioxide evolved was 0.0225 mol. This is not the correct answer.)

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(2)

(iii) Calculate the difference between your answer to part (ii) and the
manufacturer’s claim that there are 15.00 g of zinc carbonate in 100 cm3 of the
calamine lotion.

Express this difference as a percentage of the manufacturer’s claim.

(If you were unable to complete part (ii), you may assume that the mass of
zinc carbonate in the 20 cm3 sample of calamine lotion was 2.87 g. This is not
the correct answer.)

Difference .............................................................................................

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 Percentage ...........................................................................................

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(2)

(c) Draw a diagram of a suitable apparatus needed to perform the experiment outlined
in part (a). Include in your diagram a method for collecting and measuring the
carbon dioxide. The apparatus should be airtight.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q3.Zinc is similar to Group 2 metals and forms compounds containing Zn2+ ions.

Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate to zinc oxide.

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the formation of zinc oxide from zinc
carbonate in this reaction.

Equation ..................................................................................................................

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Percentage atom economy .....................................................................................

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(Total 3 marks)

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