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    15 - Balantidum Coli

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    15 - Balantidum Coli

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    raydieuxx
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    15- BALANTIDUM COLI

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    12 views2 pages

    15 - Balantidum Coli

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    MLS CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY MIDTERMS

    306
    3RD YR
    LESSON 15: BALANTIDIUM COLI FIRST SEMESTER

    CILIATES (NAG-IISA #LONER) CYST


    Balantidium coli 40-60 um in diameter
    The only medically important and pathogenic ciliate SHAPE: round; ovoid
    causes Balantidiasis, balantidiosis and balantidial dysentery refractive cyst wall enclosing the cilia
    largest intestinal protozoan
    NATURAL HOST: pigs
    ORGAN FOR LOCOMOTION: Cilia

    TROPHOZOITE
    SHAPE: Ovoidal | Shaped like a sac
    - Balantidium means “little bag”
    MOTILITY: Rotary, boring "thrown ball or rolling” motility
    ANTERIOR END: With oral mouth (cytostome)
    POSTERIOR: w/ excretory pores / anus, cytopege or cytopyge
    THERE ARE TWO NUCLEI:
    - Kidney-shaped Macronucleus (vegetative nucleus)
    - Dot-like Micronucleus (reproductive nucleus)
    With contractile vacuole that act as osmoregulatory organelles
    - structure responsible for osmotic pressure regulation
    Mucocyst- extrusive organelles located beneath cell membrane
    - used by parasite for adhesion

    1
    shainlee periabras
    CYST is infective stage and acquired by ingestion of contaminated DIAGNOSIS
    food and water. infects those with close association with pigs. invade Stool examination to demonstrate trophozoite & cyst
    the walls of colon (tissue invader) . Concentration
    Presence of trophozoite in biopsy specimens
    cyst -- trophozoite -- binary fission -- cyst Sigmoidoscopy material from patient’s sigmoidorectal infection
    Bronchoalveolar washings
    Encystation does not increase number of nucleus
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    Less common and less severe than amoebiasis prevalence is less than 1%
    SYMPTOMS: few & sporadic
    - Abdominal discomfort and dysentery Noted in psychiatric facilities
    - Invasion of deeper tissue causing submucosal lesions and poor sanitation & close contact with pigs
    hemorrhages Infected food handlers appear to be a culprit in person to person
    spread of the disease
    PATHOLOGY
    Tissue invader TREATMENT, PREVENTION AND CONTROL
    trophozoite secretes the enzyme hyaluronidase FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED:
    - causing cell lysis and they burrow into the colonic mucosa - severity of the infection
    - it will the form ulcers (bigger mouth than base) - patient’s response to treatment
    The ulcers which are formed: Metronidazole/ tetracycline / doxycycline / nitazoxanide
    - their base is rounded and the neck is wide. Proper sanitation, safe water supply, personal hygiene
    Trophozoites are abundant in the exudates on mucosal surfaces Avoid using pig’s feces as fertilizer
    while inflammatory cells & trophozoites are numerous in ulcers Avoid contamination of food and water with hog’s fecal material.
    Diarrhea with characteristics blood, mucoid stools, and Cysts are easily inactivated by heat and by 1% sodium
    associated with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tenesmus hypochlorite.
    - distressing by ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or Ordinary chlorination might not be effective.
    urinary bladder. (laging nararamdaman na natatae or naiihi)
    Balantidial dysentery- diarrhea with bloody and mucoid stools. MOT: contaminated food and drinks
    - Acute cases may have 6-15 episodes of diarrhea per day. INCUBATION PERIOD- 4-5 days
    - Most cases are asymptomatic - cyst may survive in environment for several days (viable)
    COMPLICATIONS: Intestinal perforation & acute appendicitis - trophozoite do not survive in the outside environments

    3 FORMS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS


    1. Asymptomatic carriers- parasite reservoir
    2. Acute cases
    3. Chronic form- diarrhea alternate w/ constipation, abdominal
    pain/cramping, anemia and cachexia

    Extraintestinal sites- rare cases but serious and is secondary to


    intestinal infection. (mesenteric nodes, appendix, liver, genitourinary
    sites, pleura & lungs)

    Intestinal ulceration/trophozoite in intestinal tissue

    shainlee periabras 2

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