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    Francis Turbine Notes (Unit-4)

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    Francis

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    Francis Turbine Notes (Unit-4)

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    abhishekdubey8040
    1 views2 pages
    Francis

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    Francis Turbine Notes(Unit-4)

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    Francis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views2 pages

    Francis Turbine Notes (Unit-4)

    Uploaded by

    abhishekdubey8040
    Francis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Francis Turbine

    The Francis Turbine represents a remarkable combination of impulse and reaction turbine principles.

    Operating as a reaction turbine, it harnesses the power of water under high pressure, utilizing both the

    reaction and impulse forces generated as the water flows past its blades. This turbine is widely employed

    in hydroelectric power plants for energy generation.

    Francis Turbine Construction

    The major components of the Francis turbine include:

    1. Spiral Casing

    The spiral casing serves as the inlet for water into the turbine, allowing high-pressure water from the
    reservoir or dam to pass through. To ensure efficient striking of the turbine blades, the water's circular
    movement is controlled by gradually reducing the casing's diameter, maintaining uniform pressure and
    momentum for striking the runner blades effectively.

    2. Stay Vanes

    Stationary stay vanes and guide vanes work in tandem to guide the water flow toward the runner blades.
    Stay vanes prevent radial flow-induced swirling, improving the turbine's efficiency.
    3. Guide Vanes

    The adjustable guide vanes play a vital role in controlling the angle of water striking the turbine blades,
    optimizing efficiency. They also regulate the flow rate of water into the runner blades, allowing the
    turbine's power output to be adjusted based on the load.

    4. Runner Blades

    The design of the runner blades directly impacts the turbine's performance and efficiency. In a Francis
    turbine, the runner blades are divided into two parts: the lower half is shaped like small buckets, utilising
    impulse action for rotation, and the upper part utilising the reaction force of water flow. The combination
    of these forces facilitates the rotation of the runner.

    5. Draft Tube
    The draft tube is employed to address the pressure difference at the exit of the runner. As the pressure is
    generally lower than atmospheric pressure, the tube gradually increases in the area to discharge water
    from the turbine's exit to the tail race. This ensures smooth water flow and prevents direct discharge into
    the tail race.

    Working Principle of Francis Turbine


    The working principle of the Francis turbine is discussed in the following lines:

    o Water first enters the runner of the Francis Turbine through guide vanes or wicket gates,
    adjustable for flow control.
    o The Initial entry involves low velocity and high pressure. The passage over vanes shifts the
    pressure to velocity, converting hydraulic energy to kinetic energy.
    o This resultant kinetic energy drives the rotation of the turbine wheel.
    o The water exiting moves through the draft tube, gradually widening and submerging to generate a
    suction head at the runner exit. The suction head facilitates the smooth transition of water into the
    tailrace.

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