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    Francis Turbine

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    Shahzad
    The Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, MA. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial flow to efficiently harness water energy. Francis turbines operate between a head range of 10-100 meters and are primarily used for power generation. They work by directing water tangentially onto a spiral runner to cause it to spin as the water pressure decreases.

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    Francis Turbine

    Uploaded by

    Shahzad
    68 views3 pages
    The Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, MA. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial flow to efficiently harness water energy. Francis turbines operate between a head range of 10-100 meters and are primarily used for power generation. They work by directing water tangentially onto a spiral runner to cause it to spin as the water pressure decreases.

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    Description of Francis Hydro Turbine

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    The Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, MA. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial flow to efficiently harness water energy. Francis turbines operate between a head range of 10-100 meters and are primarily used for power generation. They work by directing water tangentially onto a spiral runner to cause it to spin as the water pressure decreases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views3 pages

    Francis Turbine

    Uploaded by

    Shahzad
    The Francis turbine was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, MA. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that uses both radial and axial flow to efficiently harness water energy. Francis turbines operate between a head range of 10-100 meters and are primarily used for power generation. They work by directing water tangentially onto a spiral runner to cause it to spin as the water pressure decreases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    FRANCIS TURBINE

    The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, MA.
    It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.
    Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. They operate in a head range of ten
    meters to several hundred meters and are primarily used for electrical power production.
    The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it
    moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. A casement is needed to contain the water flow. The
    turbine is located between the high-pressure water source and the low-pressure water exit, usually at the
    base of a dam.

    The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel, known as a
    runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide vanes (or
    wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow conditions.
    As the water moves through the runner, its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the runner. For
    an analogy, imagine swinging a ball on a string around in a circle; if the string is pulled short, the ball
    spins faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This property, in addition to the water's
    pressure, helps Francis and other inward-flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

    Water wheels have been used historically to power mills of all types, but they are inefficient.
    Nineteenth-century efficiency improvements of water turbines allowed them to compete with steam
    engines (wherever water was available).
    In 1826 Benoit Fourneyron developed a high efficiency (80%) outward-flow water turbine. Water was
    directed tangentially through the turbine runner, causing it to spin. Jean-Victor Poncelet designed an
    inward-flow turbine in about 1820 that used the same principles. S. B. Howd obtained a U.S. patent in
    1838 for a similar design.
    In 1848 James B. Francis, while working as head engineer of the Locks and Canals company in the
    water-powered factory city of Lowell, Massachusetts, improved on these designs to create a turbine with
    90% efficiency. He applied scientific principles and testing methods to produce a very efficient turbine
    design. More importantly, his mathematical and graphical calculation methods improved turbine design
    and engineering. His analytical methods allowed confident design of high efficiency turbines to exactly
    match a site's flow conditions.
    The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it
    moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. A casement is needed to contain the water flow. The

    turbine is located between the high-pressure water source and the low-pressure water exit, usually at the
    base of a dam.
    The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel, known as a
    runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide vanes (or
    wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow conditions.
    As the water moves through the runner, its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the runner. For
    an analogy, imagine swinging a ball on a string around in a circle; if the string is pulled short, the ball
    spins faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This property, in addition to the water's
    pressure, helps Francis and other inward-flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

    Source : http://nprcet.org/e%20content/mech/FMM.pdf

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