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UNIT 4:
TYPES OF
MEDIA
GROUP 1
IN THIS UNIT, YOU
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Classify Contents of
01 different media types
Define media convergence

02 through current examples
Discuss in class how a

particular individual is
03 portrayed in public using
different types of media
Lesson 1:
Types of Media
The term “media” is the plural form of “medium,” which refers
to a channel for general communication in a social context.
Hence, they are channels or path through which information is
delivered from one person to another.
The fact that we commonly refer to the whole as
“media” tells us that society sees media as being of
many types.
Each type is distinct from another type in many ways.

However, all of them have one thing in common: each type
is a means to deliver a message to people.
Five types of media in widespread use today.
● Print media
● Broadcast media
● Film or cinema
● Video games and digital media
● New media
Print media is arguably the oldest
type, entering use in the earliest days
of written language itself. It has
evolved considerably, and is driven by
humanity’s insatiable hunger for
information. Since the invention of
the Gutenberg printing press, print
media evolved to include books,
newspapers, and magazines. These
are prevalent in most parts of the
world today despite the increasing
popularity of Internet-based media.
EXAMPLES
• Newspapers: The Philippine Star,
Philippine Daily Inquirer, Manila
Bulletin
• Books: Fantastic Beasts and Where

To Find Them, Life of Pi, Ilustrado
• Magazines: TIME Magazine, Chalk,

Good Housekeeping
Broadcast media evolved in leaps and
bounds in the 20th century. These types
do not rely on the production and
distribution of physical copies as much
as print media does because they
distribute their messages “over the air”.
Additionally, because their programming
can be viewed by multitudes at once,
broadcast media like radio and
television have been traditionally
accepted as the most efficient way to
transmit messages.
EXAMPLES
• Television shows: TV Patrol (news
program), How I Met Your Mother
(sitcom), Tonight With Arnold Clavio
(talk show)
• Radio programs: The Morning Rush

(entertainment program), Radyo Balita
(news program)
Film has evolved, from black-and-white
“moving pictures” with no sound to
highly sophisticated color movies,
especially with the advent of digital
cinema. This form of media originally
recorded images onto the celluloid strips
that give it its name. It is generally used
for storytelling purposes, although
shorter instructional videos are also
common. Note that some time after their
run in theaters, films may also be re-
shown on television.
EXAMPLES
• Comedy: "Spider-Man: Homecoming",
"The Grand Budapest Hotel"
•Romance: "Big Fish", "La La Land"
• Horror: "The Ghost Bride", "Stephen

King's 'It’”
•Animation: "The LEGO Movie", "Moana"

Compared to the previous three types of
media, video games are a relatively young type,
first coming into vogue in the 1970s. From
early, simplistic point-and-shoot or beat-em-up
gameplay, modern video games are almost
cinematic affairs. The most notable examples
incorporate extended visualized storytelling,
and feature a wide range of topics and themes.
Notably, its output and design limits are further
tested every few years due to the brisk
development of the technology that drives it.
Mobile games, playable on smartphones, are
currently as popular as their older console-
based cousins.
EXAMPLES
• Super Mario Bros.
• Clash of Clans
• The Uncharted series
• Horizon: Zero Dawn
• Overwatch
New media, as the name suggests, is another
young, growing type of media that has come
into being with the advent of modern
technology. It is usually digital and Internet-
based. It is also interactive, with two-way
communication (in the form of comments,
Likes, tweets, among others) usually being
central to its design. Interestingly, older-media
forms have find new-media life. Blogs (web
logs), audio and video streaming services, and
online versions of newspapers are prominent
examples of new media. Social media is also a
part of new media known today, and is perhaps
the example with the most potential.
EXAMPLES
• Blogging platforms: Wordpress, Tumblr
• Social media: Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat,

Twitter
• Streaming media sites: YouTube, Spotify
• Streaming subscription services: Netflix, Hulu

Lesson 2:
Media Convergence
Different types of media have traditionally carved out
separate niches, usually based on their different
features and strengths. However, over time we have
seen the lines between media types blurring. The
coming together of media types, and their related
industries, is called media convergence.
While the word “convergence” literally means an
intersection, or a meeting of distinct forces, its meaning
and power applies differently here. Media theorist Henry
Jenkins (2006) points out that “convergence is a word
that manages to describe technological, industrial,
cultural, and social changes.”
The Encyclopedia Britannica notes that the interconnection
brought on by media convergence involves three C’s of
computing, communication, and content. This acknowledges
the undeniable role that the Internet and developments in
personal computers have had in changing the way we send
and receive messages and content
Jenkins identifies five types of convergence:
1. Technological convergence
2. Cultural convergence
3. Organic convergence
4. Global convergence
5. Economic convergence
1. Technological convergence is perhaps the most
common way to point out convergence in action. Here,
the lines of traditional media types blur as technology
makes it possible for media content to be supported on
media types and platforms. Television shows and radio
programs, for instance, are no longer exclusively
accessible via television sets and radios.
2. Cultural convergence includes a number of key
aspects of cultural convergence. One is the “flow” of
stories from one format to another, which can be seen in
adaptations such as the Mars Ravelo print comic books
being adapted into television series and films. Another
key aspect is participatory culture, which allows media
consumers to add some input on the media they
consume, as well as create their own examples of that
media. YouTube is a prominent example that
demonstrates this.
3. Organic convergence is the natural outcome of a
world filled with diverse media types. Jenkins also calls
this social convergence, or “media stacking”. Not so
much a “planned” convergence as a type that “simply
happens” by nature, organic convergence can be seen
in cases where a person is using their smartphone to
send messages or browse the Internet while watching
television, or reading a newspaper while a radio
program plays in the background.
4. Global convergence is an arguably inevitable effect of
media bridging the gap between geographically distant
cultures and peoples is having these cultures influence
each other. The United States’ “Hollywood” filmmaking
culture has inspired similar styles to grow in India
(Bollywood) and Nigeria (Nollywood), despite each of
those countries being quite distant from the others.
5. Economic convergence refers to the linking of companies
and businesses to media. Prominent examples of this type of
convergence arose in the late 1990s and 2000s. Media
companies and properties became visibly profitable and
prominent enough to catch larger companies’ attention.
These days, it is not unusual for a parent company to have
stakes in many different media industries. Rupert Murdoch’s
News Corporation has its hands in cable television,
broadcasting, book publishing, and film, among others.
Answer the following questions: Fill in the blank
1. It is a type of media, which has evolved, from black-and-white “moving
pictures” with no sound to highly sophisticated color movies, especially with
the advent of digital cinema.
2. It is arguably the oldest type of media, entering use in the earliest days of
written language itself.
3. It is a growing type of media that has come into being with the advent of
modern technology. It is usually digital and Internet-based.
4. It is a type of media and its examples are Super Mario Bros, Clash of Clans,
The Uncharted series, Horizon: Zero Dawn, and Overwatch
5. It is a type of media and its examples are television shows and radio
programs.
6. It is a type of media convergence in which it is the natural outcome of a
world filled with diverse media types.
Answer the following questions: short response
1. Why media convergence exist?

2. What is technological convergence?
That’s All,
Thank You
For Listening

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UNIT 4:

Define media convergence

Discuss in class how a

Each type is distinct from another type in many ways.

• Books: Fantastic Beasts and Where

• Magazines: TIME Magazine, Chalk,

• Radio programs: The Morning Rush

•Romance: "Big Fish", "La La Land"

• Horror: "The Ghost Bride", "Stephen

•Animation: "The LEGO Movie", "Moana"

• Social media: Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat,

• Streaming media sites: YouTube, Spotify

• Streaming subscription services: Netflix, Hulu

1. Why media convergence exist?

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