UNIT 4

TEST & MEASUREMENTS IN SPORTS

TEST - Test is an instrument or tool used to obtain data on a specific characteristics / specialty of an individual or
group. A good test should measure the quality for which it is to be used.

MEASUREMENT - It is an aid to evaluate, it consists of numerical values or scientific scores by expert and also
known as Raw score.

SAI KHELO INDIA FITNESS TEST IN SCHOOL

Fitness defines the ability to perform physical activity and encompasses a wide range of abilities. Each activities and sports
requires a specific set of skills. And so being fit for an activity or a sport does not necessarily make you fit for another.

Age group 5 to 8 years (Class 1 to 3 at primary classes)

Children should acquire fundamental movement Skills (FMS) Leaving the learning of a specific physical activities to later
stages.

Abilities of children in class 1 to 3rd which need to be measured & tracked are

1. Body Composition (BMI)

2. Coordination (Plate Tapping Test)

3. Balance (Flamingo Test).

1. Body mass index (BMI)

PURPOSE: To measure body composition

Equipment required: Flat and clean surface, Weighing machine, Measuring tape pasted on a wall.

TEST ADMINISTRATION:

(a) Height measurement: Take the height measurement on flooring against a flat surface, such as a wall with no moulding.
Make sure legs are straight, arms are at sides and shoulder are level.

(b) Measuring weight: Use a digital weighing machine to measure the weight of the student. Place the machine on plane
surface such as tile. The participant have to remove shoes and heavy clothing.

(c) Calculate the height and weight BMI = Weight / (Height x Height)

Scoring: Use table to determine your BMI rating

Category Men Women

Underweight range. Less than 20 Less than 19
Healthy range 20 to 25 19 to 24
Overweight range 26 to 30 25 to 30
Obese range More than 30 More than 30

2. PLATE TAPPING TEST

Purpose: To measure the speed and coordination.

Objective: to do the tapping over the plate as fast as possible

Equipment Required: Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow disc, Rectangle (30x20 cm), Stopwatch

Test administration: (i) If possible, the table height should be adjusted so

that the student is standing comfortably in front of the discs.

(ii) The two yellow discs are placed with their centre 60 centimetre apart on the table. The rectangle is placed equidistant
between both discs.

(iii) The non preferred hand is placed on the rectangle. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between the
discs over the hand in the middle as quickly as possible.

(iv) This action is repeated for 25 full cycles (50 tabs).

Scoring: The time taken to complete 25 cycles is recorded.

NOTE: Students should be encouraged to stand in a balanced posture, feet apart to shoulder width.

3. FLAMINGO TEST
Purpose: The balance and strength ability of the student on the single leg.

Objective: To balance on a box/Bricks on one Leg.

Equipment required: Non slippery surface, Stopwatch, a box/Bricks.

Test administration: (i) While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the knee and the foot of this leg held
close to the buttocks.

(ii) Start the watch as the instructor said start & pause the stopwatch each time the subject loses balance.

(iii) Count the number of falls in 60 seconds of balancing. If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is
terminated.

Scoring: The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded.

4. 50 metre Standing start (For 9 to 18 years age group)

Purpose: To measure the speed & Acceleration.

Objective: To cover the set distance as fast as possible.

Equipment requirement: Measuring tape, marked track, flat clean field, stopwatch.

Procedure: After warm up the student stand behind the starting line.

(ii) On command Go or whistle the student sprint or run fast up to finish line, which is 50 metre away from starting line.

(iii) Time is recorded up to finish line in seconds and milli seconds.

Scoring: The timing starts from the first movement (using a stopwatch) and finishes when the chest crosses the finish line.

Evaluation: Timing for evaluation can be compared.

5. 600 metre Run/ Walk test

Purpose: To measures cardiovascular endurance.

Objective: To cover the set distance as fast as possible.

Equipment Requirement: Running track with marking, Recording sheets, Cones, Stopwatch.

Procedure: In this student has to run or walk covering 600 metres in shortest time.

Scoring: The time is noted in minutes and seconds as a score.

Evaluation: Timing for evaluation can be compared.

6. Sit and reach test (for 9 to 18 years age group)

Purpose: To measure the flexibility of lower back

Objective: To stretch lower back forward as far as possible.

Equipment: Sit and reach box with length scale on top.

Procedure: (i) After warming up this test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead.

(ii) The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box (Both knees should be locked).

(iii) Stretch both hands forward and reaches towards the box whereas hands together to reach maximum measuring tape.

(iv) Hold the position for 2 seconds at top of the box and measure the distance.

Scoring: The distance b/w the initial position and final position. If hand touches the toe then the score is 0, Beyond toe level
then score is positive and if not reach at toe level then the score is negative.

7. Partial curl up test (for 9 to 18 years age group)

Purpose: To test abdominal strength and endurance.
Objective: To perform as many as curl ups as possible in the given time.
Equipment: Gym mat with two parallel lines, 6 inches apart, Stopwatch.
Procedure: Students should lie in supine position on the mat with knee
flexed at an angle of 90 degree. Feet should be placed apart and hands should be placed straight and parallel to
the body.
Scoring: Maximum numbers of PARTIAL CURL-UP completed without rest in 30 seconds, will be recorded.

8. Push-ups (Boys) & Modified push-ups (Girls)

Purpose: To determine upper body Strength and Endurance of a student.
Objective: To perform push-ups as many as possible in the given time.
Equipment: Gym Mat, Recording sheet.
Procedure: Male students will take face down position in which hands should be placed slightly apart from
shoulders. Knees, back and neck must be rigid & straight. In this position the student’s palms and toes will touch
the ground.
The position will remain the same for female students except their knees should touch the ground
Scoring: Record the total number of correctly completed push-ups.

Modified push-ups
Harvard step test: Harvard step test was developed by Brouha in 1943 for the purpose of measuring physical fitness for
work and the ability to recover from work. The test was originally designed for young man of college age in the original
validation of the step test Brouha tested 2200 males.

Measurement of cardiovascular fitness (Harvard Step test)

Purpose: To determine aerobic (cardiovascular endurance) fitness.

Objective: To perform step Continuously without break for 5 minutes or exhausted.

Equipment: Gym bench height (45 cm / 17 inches for women & 50 cm /20 inches for men), Assistant, Stopwatch.
Procedure: (i) At the command of “GO” the student start to step-up and step-down on to the gym bench whereas assistant
starts the stopwatch at the same time for 5 minutes or until exhaustion.

(ii) Exactly 5 minutes of steps on the signal ‘Stop’ the student immediately sits down on the bench.

(iii) If the student is unable to maintain the pace, then he/she is considered to be exhausted and the test is brought to an end
before completion of 5 minutes.

(iv) After that the tester takes the heartbeats between 1 to 1:30 min.

Scoring: fitness index score will be determined by applying following

equation= 𝑫𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎
5.5 X pulse Count between one to 1.5 minutes after exercise

Excellent Good Average Fair Poor Bad

BOYS Above 80 79-70 69-60 59-50 49-40 Below 40
GIRLS Above 75 74-65 64-55 54-45 44-35 Below 35

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the total number of calories or minimum level of energy
that our body needs to perform basic functions such as breathing, digestion,
circulation, cell production, nutrient processing, protein synthesis, and ion transport,
etc. That means all our bodily functions that happen beyond our control.
Calculate Your BMR
You can either find BMI by using a formula designed by scientists or you can get it
tested in a lab. Also, you can use an online calculator. The Harris-Benedict Equation is
often used to estimate basal metabolic rate.
Men:
BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kg) + (4.799 x height in cm) – (5.677 x age in years)
Rikli and Jones test (FOR SENIOR CITIZEN FITNESS)
NOTE- Senior citizen fitness test was developed by Roberta Rickli and Dr Jessie Jones(in 2001) for older people
aged between 60 to 94 years. It consists of six easy and simple tests.

(I) Chair Stand test

Purpose: To check the lower body.
Objective: To complete maximum stands in 30 seconds.
Equipment Required: Straight back chair without arms (approximately 45 cm high), Stopwatch.
Procedure: (i) Place the chair against the wall or stabilised it for safety.
(ii) The participant should sit in the middle of the chair.
(iii) He should keep his hands on the opposite shoulder crossed at the wrist.
(iv) From sitting position, the person stands completely up and then completely back down.
(v) It is repeated for 30 seconds.
Evaluation: Count the number of complete chair stand (up and down equals to one stand) is score in 30 seconds.

(II) Arm Curl (Bicep) test

Purpose: To measure upper body strength and endurance.
Objective: To complete maximum arm curls in 30 seconds
Equipment required: 4-5 pounds dumbbell (for women) and 8 pounds (for men), a chair without armrest and
Stopwatch.
Procedure: (i)This test is conducted on the stronger /dominant arm side.
(ii) The person sit on the chair holding the Dumble And arm is vertically downward position beside chair.
(iii) The upper arm should not move, but lower arm should move freely.
(iv) Curl the arm up through a complete range of motion (keeping the palm up), gradually return to the starting
position.
Evaluation: The number of complete curl actions up and down, considered as one score in 30 seconds.

Age in years Below average Average Above average

60-69 Below 15(M) & Below 13 to 15(M) & 13 to Above 20(M) & Above
13(F) 18(F) 18(F)
70-79 Below 13(M) & Below 13 to 11(M) & 11 to16(F) Above 19(M) & Above
11(F) 16(F)

80-89 Below 11(M) & Below 11 to 16(M) & 09 to Above 18(M) & Above
09(F) 14(F) 14(F)
(III) Chair sit and Reach test:
Purpose: To measure the lower body flexibility.
Objective: To stretch the lower body as far as possible.
Equipment Required: Straight back chair without arms; 18 inches.
Procedure: (i) The person sits on the edge of chair, one foot on floor whereas other leg is extended forward with
the knee straight; heel on floor and ankle bent at 900. One hand is on top of other.
(ii) Instruct the participant to inhale then exhale & reached towards the toes by bending at the hip.
(iii) Avoid jerky actions or quick movement & never stretch to the point of pain.
(iv) Hold the reach for 2 seconds.
Evaluation: The distance b/w toes & finger tips is measured in inches.
If Fingers tips touch the toes - score is 0(zero)
Not touch the toes - Distance b/w toe & finger tips negative.
If it overlaps the toes - score is positive.

(IV) Back Saratch Test

Purpose: To measure the upper body flexibility.
Objective: To touch or overlap the finger of the both hands behind the back.
Equipment required: (i) It requires a ruler (length scale).
(ii) Procedure the test is done in a standing position.
(iii) One hand is kept behind the head, over the shoulder.
(iv) Place the other hand behind the back. Fingers up
(v) Try to touch both arms finger
(vi) Try the best toys and consider the best.

(V) 8 feet up and go test

Purpose: To measure speed, agility and balance while moving.
Objective: to stand and walk 16 feet and sit back as fast as possible (without running).
Equipment Requirement: Stopwatch, straight back chair, cone marker, measuring tape.
Test administration: (i)Place a chair against the wall.
(ii) Keep a cone eight feet away in front of chair.
(iii) The person sit on the chair and hands resting on knees.
(iv) On the command GO person stand up and walk around the cone as quickly
as possible and sit down on the chair.
Evaluation: Scoring is counted based on time taken to perform.
(VI) Six minute walk test:
Purpose: To measure aerobic fitness.
Objective: To walk maximum distance in six minutes
Equipment required: Measuring tape to mark track distance, stopwatch, chair for rest.
Test Administration: (i) The walking track is lead in rectangle area with cone marking.
(ii) Person walk as quickly as possible for six minutes to cover maximum distance.
(iii) Person can set their own pace and can stop to take rest.
Scoring: Measure in metres, the distance covered by a person in six minutes.

(V) Johnson-Metheny Test for Motor Educability

NOTE: This test was initially designed by Metheny later revised by Johnson in 1932. The test consists of the
following four motor stunts; (Front roll, Back roll, Jumping half turn, Jumping full turn).
The testing area consists of:
15 feet long mat, divided into ten 18-inch sections with alternating 3/4 inch and three inches transfers line
Additionally, there’s a ¾-inch wide lengthwise line in the middle of the mat area

Here’s the procedure for each stunt:

1)Front Roll: Disregarding the central line, stand outside the marked area and execute two front rolls. The first
roll should cover up to 7.5 feet, within the 3-inch-wide center line, and the second roll should cover the remaining
7.5 feet.
It’s important to complete the rolls without touching the boundaries or exceeding the specified zones.
Scoring: You earn 5 points for each correctly performed roll, allowing a maximum of 10 points. If you go beyond
the sideline (left or right) during either roll, 2 points are deducted for each instance. Going past the end limit
during a roll results in a 1- point deduction for each occurrence. Failing to execute a proper front roll results in a full
deduction of 5 points.

2) Back Roll: This test mirrors the front roll in execution and scoring. Start outside the marked chart area and
execute two back rolls within the 2-foot lane area —
the first back roll covering the first half and the second back roll covering the second half.
3)Jumping Half Turns: Begin standing with your feet on the first 3-inch line. Jump with both feet to the second
3-inch wide line while performing a half turn to the right or left. Then, jump to the third 3-inch line, executing a
half turn in the opposite direction to your first half-turn. Continue to the fourth and fifth 3-inch wide lines,
alternating half turns to the right and left.
Scoring: If you flawlessly execute four jumps, you earn 10 points. Deduct only 2 points for each incorrect jump, like
not landing with both feet on the 3-inch line or turning in the wrong direction, or both.

4)Jumping Full Turns: Start with your feet outside the marked area, positioned at the center of the lane. Jump
with both feet together to the second rectangular space, executing a full turn to the right or left. Keep jumping to
alternate rectangular spaces on the marked mat, performing full turns in the same direction, and ensure you land
on both feet every time.