Work Integrated Learning Programmes Division First Semester 2024-2025 Network Embedded Applications Assignment General Instructions: You can solve either question 1 (submit single word or pdf document) or question 2 (practical implementation using hardware and sensors [submit a single design document in word or PDF format and in that document give google drive link of a short video demonstrating the implementation with editor access granted to [email protected]]). The assignment must be solved individually for those candidates who want to attempt question 1; for candidates attempting question 2, the assignment can be solved as a group of 2 students, and both candidates will be awarded the same marks (both candidates should submit the assignment on portal mentioning their group member on title page). The deadline for the Assignment is October 28th 2024, 11.55 pm. This is a hard deadline and will not be postponed under any circumstances.
Maximum Marks - 15 The assignments will be checked using plagiarism detection software, and only those assignments which are found to be not plagiarised will be evaluated. If plagiarism is detected, those assignments will be given zero marks.
Question 1: The Networked System to be designed is for partial automation of a vineyard. Wireless Vineyard You can assume that the size of the vineyard is 0.5Km2. Each plant in the vineyard is equipped with temperature, humidity, leaf moisture, leaf temperature sensors. (While only a single temperature, humidity is sufficient multiple leaf temperature, leaf moisture sensors are used). The vines are laid out in proper lanes.
There is a data mule in form of “Roger, Simba & Bandit”, who goes around the farm thrice a day at a fixed time, a fixed route and collects data from certain sensors (not all) and carries them to a central station. This decides the watering and lighting schedule of the vineyard. For the WSN (a) What is the deployment pattern – how many motes will be required, are all motes of the same type (classify requirements as motes (sensing, relay, sensing and relay) and super motes, and where will you place each mote/super mote? Show with appropriate figures and Justify. (b) Show a block diagram-level architecture for each of your sensor nodes. (c) For the application scenario – what are the characteristics that the network protocol stack should possess (In terms of energy conservation, processing and memory requirements, fault tolerance, data criticality, data aggregation and compression, real-time operations, maintenance)? (d) Would a time synchronization Algorithm be required? If so which one will you use and why? (e) Would a Localization Algorithm be required? If so which one will you use and why? (f) Would use Clustering? If so which algorithm and why? Will this clustering be hierarchal? Justify (g) Which Routing Algorithm will you use and why? (h) Topology Control requirement is necessary- Suggest a protocol that would work ideally in such an environment. (i) What are the MAC protocols that you will use for this WSN? (j) What is the addressing method that you will use in the WSN? (k) How do you integrate the data mule with the network protocol stack? (l) Analyze your protocol stack with the characteristics you have defined in Part (c) of this question. Does your protocol stack satisfy all requirements? (m)What are the main challenges that your WSN must address?
Question 2: You are required to design and implement a Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System. The system should monitor key environmental conditions within the greenhouse and control various devices to optimize plant growth while reducing resource consumption (water, energy). The system will be structured to allow both real-time local control and remote access and management. System Overview: The system will monitor and control the following key environmental parameters: • Temperature and Humidity: Regulate the climate inside the greenhouse. • Soil Moisture: Control irrigation systems to ensure optimal soil moisture for plants.
• Light Intensity: Optimize the use of natural and artificial lighting based on real-time data. • CO2 Levels: Monitor air quality to support plant respiration. • Sensors (temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light) will communicate through a wireless sensor network to a local controller (gateway). The gateway will control actuators such as irrigation systems, lights, and ventilation. • The system will connect to the internet via the gateway, allowing users to remotely monitor and control the greenhouse conditions through a web or mobile interface. The system will also send alerts and notifications based on certain conditions (e.g., high temperature, low soil moisture). Key Requirements: • Deploy a WSN to collect real-time data from sensors placed throughout the greenhouse. • Ensure that end device can transmit data wirelessly to the central controller or gateway. • The WSN should support energy-efficient communication protocols (e.g., Zigbee, LoRa, 6LoWPAN etc). • Utilize the IoT framework to enable remote access and control of the greenhouse. • The system should send data from the WSN to a cloud server for remote monitoring. • Provide a mobile or web-based application for remote access, data visualization, and control. • Automatically control devices (e.g., irrigation, lighting, and ventilation) based on the data collected by sensors. • Allow remote control through the IoT interface for users to manually adjust environmental settings if necessary. • Implement energy-efficient algorithms that minimize water and electricity usage while maintaining optimal growing conditions. • Automatically send alerts to the user (via mobile app or email) when critical environmental parameters exceed predefined thresholds. • Notify users when an actuator (e.g., irrigation) is triggered automatically due to extreme environmental conditions. • Provide a user-friendly interface that allows users to view real-time environmental data and historical trends (e.g., temperature, soil moisture levels over time). • Enable users to change system settings and manually control greenhouse devices remotely. Objectives: • Sensor Integration: Incorporate wireless sensors into the WSN to continuously monitor greenhouse conditions.
• Automated Control: Develop algorithms that control irrigation, lighting, and ventilation based on sensor data to optimize resource usage. • Energy Efficiency: Design the system to be energy-efficient, both in terms of sensor operation and network communication (for WSN) as well as in controlling appliances. • Remote Management: Provide remote access through a cloud-based IoT platform that offers real- time data monitoring and device control. • Alert Mechanism: Implement an alerting system that notifies the user when environmental conditions deviate from predefined safe ranges. Deliverables: 1. System Design Document: • Detailed architectural design showing WSN and IoT integration, including sensor placement, network topology, communication protocols, and data flow. • Explanation of how local WSN-based control and remote IoT-based control will be synchronized. 2. Prototype Implementation: • A prototype system demonstrating real-time data collection through WSN, local control of devices, and remote control via an IoT platform. • Example: Sensors report data to the WSN, triggering irrigation or ventilation systems locally, while users can adjust the parameters remotely. 3. User Interface:
• A mobile or web-based application for monitoring and controlling greenhouse
conditions. • The interface should show real-time data (temperature, humidity, etc.), allow for remote control, and visualize historical trends for analysis. 4. Test Report: • Test the system under various environmental conditions to ensure it responds correctly to changes (e.g., rising temperature). • Evaluate the system's performance in handling network disruptions and varying communication ranges in the WSN. Optional Enhancements: • Machine Learning Prediction: Implement machine learning algorithms to predict future temperature or soil moisture conditions and adjust irrigation or ventilation schedules accordingly.
• Advanced Visualization: Include graphs and charts that show long-term environmental trends (e.g., average soil moisture over a month). • Multi-User Access Control: Support multiple user accounts with customizable permissions (e.g., a greenhouse owner and employees with limited control). Constraints: • Energy Efficiency: The WSN must use energy-efficient communication protocols to extend the battery life of the sensors. • Scalability: The system should be able to handle the addition of new sensors and devices easily. • Cost-Effective: The system should be affordable for small to medium-sized greenhouse operations. • Security: Ensure that communication between WSN, IoT, and the user interface is secure (e.g., encrypted data transmission). • Compliance: Follow relevant greenhouse management and environmental regulations, especially in resource usage optimization.
