Moving Coil Galvanometer Porject Class 12
Moving Coil Galvanometer Porject Class 12
Moving Coil Galvanometer Porject Class 12
1 Introduction 1
4. Sensitivity of galvanometer 9
Conversion of galvanometer
5. 12
into Voltmeter
Conversion of galvanometer to
6. 16
Ammeter
7. Advantages of galvanometer 20
8. Conclusion 23
9. Bibliography 24
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INTRODUCTION
1
Principle of the frog galvanoscope – that electric
current would make the legs of a dead frog jerk.
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PRINCIPLE OF A MOVING COIL
GALVANOMETER
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4
CONSTRUCTION OF A MOVING
COIL GALVANOMETER
1. Coil
2. Magnet
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Pole Pieces: The poles of the magnet are designed to
have concave or cylindrical surfaces. This helps
produce a radial magnetic field, which ensures that
the plane of the coil remains perpendicular to the
magnetic field during rotation.
Magnetic Field: The uniform magnetic field is
crucial for the accurate deflection of the coil, as it
ensures that the torque acting on the coil is
proportional to the current.
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4. Suspension System
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Scale: The scale is typically marked in units of
current (amperes or milliamperes) or deflection
(degrees), allowing the user to measure the current
directly. The deflection of the pointer is proportional
to the current flowing through the coil.
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SENSITIVITY OF GALVANOMETER
1. Current Sensitivity
Definition: Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is the
amount of deflection produced per unit current passing
through the coil.
Higher Current Sensitivity means the galvanometer
deflects more for a given small current, making it easier
to detect small changes in current. To increase current
sensitivity, you can:
Increase the number of turns of the coil.
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Definition: Voltage sensitivity refers to the deflection
produced per unit voltage applied across the
galvanometer.
Voltage sensitivity depends on both the current
sensitivity and the resistance of the galvanometer.
Factors Affecting Sensitivity:
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Resistance of the Coil:
The resistance of the coil affects voltage sensitivity.
Lower resistance results in higher voltage sensitivity
for the same current sensitivity.
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CONVERSION OF GALVANOMETER
INTO VOLTMETER
PRINCIPLE:
STEPS:
13
This gives the value of the series resistance that needs to
be added to convert the galvanometer into a voltmeter
with the desired voltage range.
Important Points:
14
Parallel Connection: A voltmeter is always
connected in parallel to the component across which
the voltage is to be measured.
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CONVERSION OF GALVANOMETER
TO AMMETER
PRINCIPLE:
STEPS:
Determine the Full-Scale Deflection Current of the
Galvanometer:
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The galvanometer has a maximum current Ig, which
is the current that produces full-scale deflection in
the galvanometer.
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Where:
Vg is the voltage across the galvanometer (and shunt).
Ig is the full-scale deflection current of the
galvanometer.
Rg is the resistance of the galvanometer.
Is is the current through the shunt.
Rs is the shunt resistance.
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Important Points:
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ADVANTAGES OF GALVANOMETER
High Sensitivity:
Moving coil galvanometers are highly sensitive,
meaning they can detect very small currents. This
makes them ideal for applications requiring precise
current measurements.
Linear Scale:
The deflection of the coil is directly proportional to the
current passing through it. This gives the instrument
a linear scale, making it easier to read and interpret the
results accurately.
High Accuracy:
The device provides highly accurate measurements
due to its sensitivity and linearity. The uniform
magnetic field and construction minimize
measurement errors.
Damping:
The eddy current damping mechanism in the coil
frame ensures that the pointer comes to rest quickly
without oscillations, making readings stable, fast
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And Low Power Consumption. Moving coil
galvanometers consume very little power, as they
require only small currents for deflection, which is
particularly useful in low-power applications.
No Hysteresis:
Since it uses a permanent magnet, the moving coil
galvanometer does not exhibit hysteresis, which
means it does not retain magnetization or have a
memory effect that can interfere with readings.
Precision:
The uniform magnetic field and the lightweight coil
allow for precise movements and minimize friction,
leading to more reliable measurements.
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Portable and Compact:
Moving coil galvanometers are generally compact and
portable, making them easy to use in various
laboratory or field applications.
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CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.wikipedia.com
www.slideshare.net
www.google.com
NCERT Physics Class XII Textbook Part-I
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