English Foundation

ENGLISH FOUNDATION
LESSON 8
Lesson focus
Pronunciation ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
/j/ sound ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
/m/ sound ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
/n/ sound ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Grammar: Subject and verb agreement ............................................................................................................. 4
Practice ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Pronunciation
/j/ sound
Look at the diagram. Listen and say the sound. /j/

is like a very short /i:/ sound (Recording B65a)
Sound and spelling
/j/ is usually spelled y, but has different spellings in some words.
/ju:/ is often spelled u or ew. Listen and say these words.
- y: yes yesterday year young

- /ju:/ usual student university new interview beautiful queue
Listen and say these phrases and sentences. (Recording B65c)
1. a young university student

2. a beautiful view
3. waiting in a queue for an interview
4. the European Union
5. I usually walk to work but I used the car yesterday.
Exercise: Write these words.
1
1. /kəmˈpjuː.tər/ ___________
2. /ˈjel.əʊ/ ___________
3. /jes/ ___________
4. /ˈjɒɡ.ət/ ___________
5. /juːθ/ ___________
6. /ˈjes.tə.deɪ/ ___________
7. /ˌjuːzəˈbɪləti/ ___________
8. /ˈfjuː.tʃər/ ___________
/m/ sound
When you say /m/, the air comes through your

nose, not your mouth. Look at the diagram.
Listen and say the sound. Your lips are together,
and there is voicing. (Recording B42a)
Sound and spelling
/m/ is usually spelled m or mm, but sometimes mb or mn. Listen and say these words.
- m: me more lemon film some

- mm: summer swimming hammer
- mb: comb remember climb
- mn: autumn
Now listen and say these phrases.
1. sometimes in summer
2. more for you, most for me
3. in the middle of the film
Now listen and say these sentences
1. Maybe my mother will make something.

2. I'm coming home with them tomorrow.
3. Would you like homemade muffins?
2
Exercise: Match the word with the correct transcription.
1. sum a. /ˈmɪrər/
2. game b. /taɪm/
3. term c. /meɪk/
4. make d. /tɜːm/
5. time e. /sʌm/
6. mirror f. /geɪm/
/n/ sound
When you say /n/, the air comes through your
nose, not your mouth. Look at the diagram.
Listen and say the sound. Your tongue is
pressed against the roof of your mouth behind
the teeth, and there is voicing. (Recording B43a)
Sound and spelling
/n/ is usually spelled n, nn or kn. Listen and say these words.
- n: new now sun one gone

- nn: dinner sunny funny
- kn: know knew knife
Now listen and say these phrases.
1. a sunny afternoon
2. sun and moon
3. nine months in 1990
Now listen and say these sentences
1. The sun shines.

2. The thin man is an African dancer.
3. Tony has taken the train.
4. I haven’t eaten a banana.
3
Grammar: Subject and verb agreement
Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular, plural)
Here are 12 subject-verb agreement rules:
Rule Subject Verb Example
Singular noun The tiger is running really fast.
1 Unaccountable noun singular Money is important in our life.
He/She/It He/she/it needs more time
Plural noun The tigers are running really fast.
2 plural
I/You/We/They I/You/We/They need more time.
3 Gerund (V-ing) singular Travelling abroad is expensive.
Collective noun The group meets every week.
4 (group, government, family,…) singular The government is going to have a new
plan.
The majority of, some of, none of, agree with A lot of the equipment is new.
5 all of + noun noun A lot of my friends are here.
Everyone, everybody, everything, Everyone in my class is very intelligent.
6 singular
someone, something, anything,…
7 Each of / every + noun singular Every day is a new experience.
Either + noun 1 + or + noun 2 agree with Either my parents or I am going to the
8 supermarket to buy food for lunch.
Neither + noun 1 + nor + noun 2 noun 2
Noun 1 + as well as / with / agree with My father, as well as other people in my

9
together with + noun 2 noun 1 family, is very friendly
10 Noun 1 + and + Noun 2 plural My dad and my mom are having meals.
Noun 1 + or + Noun 2 agree with The members or the student writes
11
noun 2 every day.
The + adj The poor need to be helped.
12 (indicating a group of people) plural The deaf are the people who are not
able to hear.
4
Practice
A. Pronunciation
Listen to the teacher and tick the words a) or b) that you hear.
1 a) combs b) cones
2 a) mine b) nine
3 a) name b) mane
4 a) some b) sun
5 a) warm b) warn
6 a) money b) mummy
B. Grammar
Fill in the blank the correct verb forms:

1. Houses in this city ............................. (be) large and beautiful.
2. Lan often ......................... (watch) TV and .......................... (go) swimming in her free time.
3. The English ............................. (be) famous for their calmness.
4. The majority of students in this school ............................. (speak) English quite fluently.
5. Each student ............................. (have) answered the first three questions.
6. Either John or his wife ............................. (make) breakfast each morning.
7. Everybody who ............................. (have) a fever must go home at once.
8. John, along with twenty friends, ............................. (be) planning a party.
9. The Chinese ............................. (have) an interesting history.
10. The scissors on the table ............................. (be) my sister’s.

English Foundation - Speaking. Lesson 8.120

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Look at the diagram. Listen and say the sound. /j/

Sound and spelling

/j/ is usually spelled y, but has different spellings in some words.

/ju:/ is often spelled u or ew. Listen and say these words.

- y: yes yesterday year young

1. a young university student

Exercise: Write these words.

When you say /m/, the air comes through your

Sound and spelling

- m: me more lemon film some

Now listen and say these phrases.

Now listen and say these sentences

1. Maybe my mother will make something.

Sound and spelling

/n/ is usually spelled n, nn or kn. Listen and say these words.

- n: new now sun one gone

Now listen and say these phrases.

1. The sun shines.

Noun 1 + as well as / with / agree with My father, as well as other people in my

Fill in the blank the correct verb forms:

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