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MIDTERM COVERAGE police institution in support of organizations,

Prepared by: authorities, and services whose mission is
PROF. LYZA DJ. BERSABA, RCRIM preventing, detecting and suppressing
crimes.

Chapter 4 Interpol’s objectives are achieved by

providing both global perspective and a
INTERNATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATIONS regional focus, exchanging information,
facilitating international cooperation,
Learning Objectives:
coordinating joint operational activities of its
At the end of the chapter, the student will member countries, and making available
be able to: police cooperation. The main managing
body of Interpol is its Executive Committee.
 Present the different international In 2004, this committee consisted of a
police organizations. president serving a 4-year term, three vice
presidents, and nine delegates.
 Discuss the role played by the United
Nations in international law Each member nation has established
enforcement; and a bureau that maintains relations with the
Interpol General Secretariat located in Lyon
 Discuss the participation of the France. The national Interpol bureaus
Philippine National Police in the (called National Central Bureaus [NCBs]
peacekeeping missions of the United transmit criminal information that may be of
Nations. interest to other countries. They undertake
inquiries, searches, and arrests within their
Police cooperation has only become more
own countries. They undertake inquiries,
important in the era of globalization and the
searches, and arrests within their own
corresponding environment in which
countries that are requested by other
terrorism and other kinds of serious
countries. Member countries also take steps
transnational crime can flow easily across
to implement resolutions voted by the
borders. Close international cooperation
Interpol annual assembly. Interpol can act
among police services is essential to prevent
only within the framework of national laws;
and combat these rising worldwide dangers.
criminals can be returned only if an
This chapter describes the various extradition treaty is in force and the
international organizations in the global fight offender is a national of the country
against transnational crimes. Moreover, it requesting return.
presents the policy and procedures of the
The Name and Logo
Philippine State in sending U.N.
Peacekeeping Missions in maintaining world
peace.

THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE

ORGANIZATION (INTERPOL)

The International Criminal Police

Organization (Interpol) has 196 member
countries and is the world’s preeminent

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Our full name is “The International Criminal Commission new headquarters in Paris,
Police Organization – INTERPOL”, which is together with the services of a number of
abbreviated to "ICPO–INTERPOL". French police officials to form the General
Secretariat. The commission was thus
For general communications purposes, we revived, although a complete
just say INTERPOL. It is an abbreviation of reorganization was necessary because all its
"international police" and it was chosen in prewar records had been lost or destroyed.
1946 as a telegraphic address.
A modern and complete constitution
The emblem, in use since 1950, comprises for the organization was ratified in 1956. At
the following elements: the same time, its name was changed to
the International Criminal Police
 The globe, to indicate that our
Organization.
activities are worldwide.
Organizational Set-up
 Olive branches symbolizing peace.
1. General Assembly – INTERPOL’S supreme
 Scales symbolizing justice.
governing body. It makes major decisions on
 A vertical sword, symbolizing police the policy, budget, working methods,
action. finances and program activities of INTERPOL.
It comprises delegates appointed by each
 The name "INTERPOL”. member countries and meets annually.

 The abbreviation "ICPO" and its 2. Executive Committee – supervises the

French equivalent "OIPC". execution of the decision of the general
assembly and the work of secretary general.
History

The history of Interpol dates from the

1920s. After World War I, Europe underwent
a great increase in crime. One of the
countries most affected was Austria, which
in 1923 hosted a meeting of the
representative of the criminal police of 20
nations to discuss common problems. This
meeting led to the establishment that same
year of the International Police Commission
(Interpol’s predecessor), which has its
headquarters in Vienna. From 1923 until
1938, the commission flourished. However, in
President
1938, Austria became part of Nazi Germany,
and the commission with all its records was Ahmed Naser AL-RAISI (United Arab
moved to Berlin. Emirates)

The outbreak of World War II brought Vice-Presidents

the activities of the commission to a
standstill. After World War II, the French
government offered the International Police

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Peter DE BUYSSCHER (Belgium)

Garba Baba UMAR (Nigeria)
Valdecy URQUIZA (Brazil)

Delegates

Juan Carlos HERNÁNDEZ (Argentina)

Binchen HU (China)
Michael A. HUGHES (United States)
Will KERR (United Kingdom)
María Alicia MALO SÁNCHEZ (Spain)
Anne-Marie NAINDA (Namibia)
Alaa RAGAB (Egypt)
Selçuk SEVGEL (Türkiye) Secretary General Jurgen Stock
Praveen SINHA (India) Secretary General, Interpol (Germany)

3. General Secretariat – (Lyon, France) 4. National Central Bureaus – staffed with

operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year the countries own police officers. It is
and is run by the Secretary General. It works designated single point of contact for the
with officials of more than 80 countries side- General Secretariat, regional offices and
by-side using four official languages: foreign governments requiring assistance,
which oversees investigations and
Spanish
information.
Arabic
French 5. Advisers – experts in a purely advisory
English capacity, who may be appointed by the
Executive Committee and confirmed by the
Not: Tenure of Duty – (5 years) re-elected General Assembly.

Commission for the Control of the INTERPOL’s

Files (CCF) – This is the independent body
whose mandates are:

1. Ensure that the processing of personal

information by the INTERPOL complies with
the organization’s regulations.

2. Advise INTERPOL on any project,

operation, set of rules or other matter
involving the processing of personal
information; and

3. Process request concerning the

information contained in INTERPOL’s files.

Three (3) Core Functions of the INTERPOL

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1. Secure Global Police Communication offenses and who are likely to repeat these
Services (1-24/7) – it provides police around crimes in other countries.
the world with a common platform through
which they can share crucial information 4. Yellow Notice – used to locate missing
about criminals and criminality. persons.

2. Operations Data Services and Databases 5. Black Notice –used to determine the
–it ensures that police worldwide have identity of deceased person.
access to the information and services they
6. Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a
need to prevent and investigate crimes.
person, an object or a process representing
Databases include data on criminals such
an imminent threat and danger to persons
names, fingerprints, DNA profiles, stolen
or property.
property such as passports, vehicles etc.
7. Purple Notice – issued to provide
3. Operational Police Support Services – it
information on modus operandi, objects,
supports law enforcement officials in the
devices and concealment methods used by
field with emergency support and
criminals.
operational activities especially in its priority
crime areas of fugitive, public safety and 8. INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council
terrorism, drugs and organized crime, Special Notice – is issued for individuals and
trafficking in human beings and financial entities that are subject to UN sanctions.
high-tech crimes.
Crimes of Concerns of the INTERPOL
INTERPOL Notice System
1. Public Safety and Terrorism
1. Red Notice – based on the national arrest
2. Trafficking of Human Beings

3. Fugitive Investigative Services

4. Financial and High-Tech Services

5. Drugs and Criminal Organization

6. Others such as: genocide, war crimes,

crimes against humanity, environmental
crimes and law enforcement corruption.

Criminal Intelligence Analysis

warrants, are used to seek the arrest and
extradition of suspects. Criminal Intelligence Analysis – sometimes
called Crime Analysis, the identification of
2. Blue Notice – used to seek information on and provision of insight into the relationship
the identity of persons or on their illegal between crime data and other potentially
activities related to criminal matters. relevant data with a view to police and
judicial practice.
3. Green Notice – are used to provide
warning and criminal intelligence about The Central Task Analysis is to help officials –
persons who have committed criminal law enforcers, policy makers, and decision

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makers – deals more effectively with 1930 - By 1930, specialized departments

certainty, to provide timely warning of were established to deal with criminal
threats, and to support operational activity records, currency counterfeiting and
by analyzing crimes. passport forgery. Data was compiled and
analyzed manually until the 1980s, when
Criminal Intelligence Analysis Divisions: computerization of our records began.

1. Operational Analysis – aims to achieve a 1932 - New statutes were put in place
specific law enforcement outcome. creating the post of Secretary General. The
Operational analysis usually has a more first was Austrian Police Commissioner Oskar
immediate benefit. Dressler, who served until 1946.
2. Strategic Analysis – is intended to inform 1935 - We launched our international radio
higher-level decision-making and the network, providing an independent
benefits are realized over the longer term. telecommunications system solely for the
The intention is to provide early warning of use of the criminal police authorities. By
threats and to support senior decision- 1966, 34 countries had stations and our
makers in setting priorities to prepare their network carried more than 90,000 messages
organizations to be able to deal with per year.
emerging criminal issues.
1938 - The Nazis assumed control of the
NOTE: International Criminal Police Commission
after deposing President Michael Skubl. Most
KEY DATES OF INTERPOL
countries stopped participating and we
1914 – Police conference was held effectively ceased to exist as an
spearhead by Prince Albert of Monaco international organization. In 1942, under
wherein 24 countries participated from German control, the ICPC relocated to
November 3-7, 1914. Berlin.

1923 - After the First World War, the idea of 1943 - ICIP WAS RENAMED TO ICPO
an international police body was revived by (INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE
Johannes Schober, President of the Vienna ORGANIZATION)
Police. (ICPC) The International Criminal
1946 - Belgium led the rebuilding of the
Police Commission was established on
Organization after the Second World War
September 7, 1923, with headquarters in
with a democratic process to elect the
Vienna. Wanted persons notices were first
Executive Committee. The Headquarters
published in the International Public Safety
moved to Paris, France. Pictured here,
Journal.
President Florent Louwage addressing the
1927 - The 4th General Assembly in 15th General Assembly in Brussels.
Amsterdam adopted a Resolution that each
1947 - The first Red Notice was issued for a
member country should establish a central
Russian man wanted for murdering a
point of contact within its police structure;
policeman. The system of colour-coded
this was the forerunner of today's National
notices was expanded over the years to
Central Bureau.
cover other alerts but the Red Notice for
wanted persons remains a key tool today.

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1956 - The ICPC became the International send electronic messages to each other
Criminal Police Organization with the and to the General Secretariat.
adoption of a modernized constitution. We
became autonomous by collecting dues 1992 - An automated search facility for
from member countries and relying on remote searches of INTERPOL databases
financial investments. was introduced.

1967 - From the original 16 founding 1993 - We established an analytical criminal

members in 1923, there were 50 member intelligence unit to study the links between
countries in 1955. By 1967 this reached 100 suspects, crimes and locations, thereby
and went on to 150 in 1989. Changing identifying patterns in crime and providing
geographical boundaries of nations went warnings of threats.
on to increase our membership.
1999 - Arabic was formally adopted as our
1972 - Our status was strengthened by a fourth official language, following Spanish
Headquarters Agreement with France which was used from 1955, with English and
recognizing INTERPOL as an international French being original languages.
organization. We have been based in
2001 - The Organization became
France since 1946, with headquarters Paris,
operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
then in Saint Cloud (pictured here) from
following the terrorist attacks on the United
1966 to 1989, when we moved to Lyon.
States of 11 September as the Secretary
1980 – 1984 - JOLLY BUGARIN- First and only General vowed the "lights will never go out
FILIPINO who became interpol president again at INTERPOL".

1982 - The General Assembly adopted the 2002 - We launched our I-24/7 global police
Rules on International Police Cooperation communications system, giving all member
and on the Control of INTERPOL's Archives, a countries a secure platform to share and
legal framework necessary for processing access our databases and information.
personal data – such as names and Canada was the first country to connect in
fingerprints. 2003, and by 2007 all countries were using it.

1986 - On 16 May 1986, our General  Recognizing that criminals and

Secretariat building in Saint Cloud was terrorists often travel using fraudulent
bombed by Action Directe, an extremist passports and visas, we launched a
group. One policeman was injured and the Stolen and Lost Travel Documents
building suffered extensive damage. In 1998, database so that countries can
four leaders of the group were sentenced in check the validity of a document in
connection with this and other attacks. seconds. Today it contains more
than 80 million records.
1989 - The General Secretariat moved to
purpose-built premises in Lyon, with an  Building on the increased use of DNA
official inauguration by France's President, by police, we created a DNA
François Mitterrand, on 27 November. Our database to help link international
membership reached 150 countries. crimes. Today, more than 80
countries contribute DNA profiles of
1990 - We launched our X.400 offenders and crime scenes, and it
communication system, enabling NCBs to

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can also be used for missing persons 1. Indonesia

and unidentified human remains.
2. Malaysia
2003 - We set up a Command and
Coordination Centre to provide a point of 3. Philippines
contact for any member country seeking
4. Singapore
urgent police information or facing a crisis.
From offices in Lyon, Singapore and Buenos 5. Thailand
Aires, it is manned 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year by staff members who speak several Five Other Members
languages.
1. Brunei
2005 - 6 December saw the publication of 2. Cambodia
the first INTERPOL–United Nations Security 3. Lao
Council Special Notice. It alerts global law 4. Myanmar
enforcement authorities to individuals and 5. Vietnam
entities who are subjects of UNSC sanctions,
such as assets freeze, travel ban and arms
embargo.

 New technology called MIND/FIND is

developed, allowing countries to
give their frontline officers such as
immigration officials real-time access
to our databases on nominal data,
stolen vehicles and travel
documents.

 MIND/FIND provides an efficient

ASEANAPOL
systematic means for checking
people, motor vehicles, and travel 1. Royal Brunei Police
documents against INTERPOL's 2. Cambodian National Police
global databases. With MIND/FIND, 3. Indonesian National Police
countries can check all passports 4. Lao Police Force
and motor vehicles at border 5. Myanmar Police Force
crossings and other points. 6. Philippine National Police
7. Singapore Police Force
ASEANAPOL, EUROPOL AND THE UNITED
8. Royal Thai Police
NATIONS
9. Royal Malaysia Police
ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE (ASEANAPOL) 10. Vietnam People’s Public Security

1981 (Manila) – The First formal meeting of Organization

The Chiefs of ASEAN Police
1. ASEANAPOL Executive Committee –
- Attended by 5 original member comprise of deputy heads of delegation
countries attending the annual ASEANAPOL
Conference. It provides a summary report of

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the activities of the Secretariat to the Head aim is to improve the effectiveness and
of the Delegation. cooperation between authorities of the
member states in preventing and
2. ASEANAPOL Permanent Secretariat – is on combating all forms of serious international
rotational basis with member countries organized crime and terrorism.
taking turn to host the ASEANAPOL
conference and automatically assume the  With 27 member countries (Austria,
role of the secretariat for the current year. Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Tenure of Services France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
a. Executive Director – 2 years
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
b. Directors – 3 years (one for Police Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Services and one for Plans and Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United
Programs Kingdom.
 Headquarter located at The Hague,
*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Netherlands.
Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms Reference
on the establishment of ASEANAPOL EUROPOL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala
Lumpur was made the permanent seat.

* The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its

operation fully on January 1, 2010.

International Association of Chiefs of Police

(IACP)

It is the world’s oldest and largest non-profit

membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in
over 89 countries IACP’s leadership consists
of the operating chief executives of
international, federal, state, and local
agencies of all sizes.  Europol is headed by an Executive
Director, who is Europol’s legal
Vision: Serving the Leaders of Today, representative and is appointed by
Developing the Leaders of Tomorrow. the Council of the European Union.

Mission: IACP is dedicated to advancing the Europol’s current Executive Director is

law enforcement profession through Catherine De Bolle, who assumed the
advocacy, outreach, education and post in May 2018.
programs.
Assisted by three (3) Deputy Executive
European Police (EUROPOL) Directors:

The European Union Law enforcement  Jean-Philippe Lecouffe, Operations

agency that handles criminal intelligence. Its Directorate

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 Jurgen Ebner, Governance president elected from the member

Directorate states and meets from September to
 Luis de Eusebio Ramos, Capabilities December.
Directorate
Functions of General Assembly
Mandate
a. Deliberative – initiating studies and
EUROPOL supports law enforcement making recommendations for the
authorities throughout the EU on crime development of international law
fighting activities in all its mandated areas.
b. Supervisory – receiving and
These activities focus on: considering annual and special
reports from another organs
 Illicit Drugs
 Trafficking in Human Beings c. Financial – approval and
 Facilitated illegal Immigration appointment of budget
 Cybercrime
 Euro Counterfeiting d. Elective – election of non-permanent
 VAT Fraud members of the security council
 Money Laundering and Asset
e. Constituent – admissions of members
Tracing
and the amendments of charter
 Mobile Organised-Crime Groups
 Intellectual property crime 2. UN Security Council – is another
 Outlawing motorcycle gangs branch in the organization of the UN
 Terrorism and is the most powerful of all the
branches.

UNITED NATIONS a. Preventive Action – consist of

provisional measures to
United Nations – officially came into
prevent a conflict from
existence on October 24, 1945
worsening and may involve
- Coined by Winston Churchill and the deployment of
Franklin D. Roosevelt in the PEACEKEEPING AND
declaration by United Nation. This OBSERVER missions.
declaration was made to officially
b. Enforcement Action – consist
state the Cooperation of the allies
of deployment of air, sea and
(Great Britain, the United States, the
land forces.
Union Soviet Socialist Republics)
Five Permanent Members of Security Council
Branches of UN
1. China
1. UN General Assembly – This is the
2. France
main decision-making and
3. Russia
representative assembly in the UN
4. United Kingdom
through its policies and
5. United States
recommendations. It is composed of
*The other 10 members are rotating or
all member states, is headed by a
elective members for a period of two years

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by the General Assembly (Algeria, Ecuador, 2009; re-elected as from 6

Guyana, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, February 2018; Vice-President
Republic of Korea, Sierra Leone, Slovenia of the Court from 6 February
and Switzerland) 2015 to 5 February 2018;
President of the Court from 6
3. International Court of Justice – February 2018 to 8 February
Located in the Hague, Netherlands. 2021
This branch is responsible for the  Judge XUE Hanqin (China)
judicial matters of the UN. Member of the Court since 29
June 2010; re-elected as from
Current Members:
6 February 2012 and as from 6
 President Nawaf SALAM February 2021; Vice-President
(Lebanon) Member of the of the Court from 6 February
Court since Feb 6, 2018;
2018 to 8 February 2021
 Judge Dalveer BHANDARI
President of the Court as from
(India) Member of the Court
Feb 6, 2024
since 27 April 2012, re-elected
 Vice-President Julia
as from 6 February 2018
SEBUTINDE (Uganda)
 Judge IWASAWA Yuji (Japan)
Member of the Court since
Member of the Court since 22
6 February 2012; re-elected
June 2018; re-elected as from
as from 6 February
6 February 2021
2021; Vice-President of the  Judge Georg NOLTE
Court as from 6 February (Germany) Member of the
2024 Court since 6 February 2021
 Judge Peter TOMKA  Judge Hilary CHARLESWORTH
(Slovakia) Member of the (Australia) Member of the
Court since 6 February 2003; Court since 5 November
re-elected as from 6 February 2021; re-elected as from 6
2012 and as from 6 February February 2024
2021; Vice-President of the  Judge Leonardo Nemer
Court from 6 February 2009 to Caldeira BRANT (Brazil)
5 February 2012; President of Member of the Court since 4
the Court from 6 February November 2022
2012 to 5 February 2015  Judge Juan Manuel GÓMEZ
 Judge Ronny ABRAHAM ROBLEDO (Mexico) Member
(France) Member of the Court of the Court since 6 February
since 15 February 2005; re- 2024
elected as from 6 February  Judge Sarah H. CLEVELAND
2009 and as from 6 February (United States of America)
2018; President of the Court Member of the Court since 6
from 6 February 2015 to 5 February 2024
February 2018  Judge Bogdan-Lucian
 Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed AURESCU (Romania) Member
YUSUF (Somalia) Member of of the Court since 6 February
the Court since 6 February 2024

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 Judge Dire TLADI (South

Africa) Member of the Court
since 6 February 2024

4. Secretariat – its main responsibility is

providing studies, information, and
other data needed

Current UN Secretariat – Antonio

Guterres of Portugal (2017-present). He is
the 9th secretariat of the UN Secretatiat.

5. Economic and Social Council –

consists of 54 members elected by
the General Assembly for a 3-year
term.

Efforts are towards the following:

a. Higher standards of living

b. Condition of economic and social

progress and development

c. Solutions of international economic,

social, health and related problems

d. Universal respect for human rights and

fundamental freedoms.

6. Trusteeship Council – assists the

security council and the general
assembly in the administration of the
International Trusteeship System.

UN Charter – it is closest to a constitution that

basically governs the relations of
international persons. Technically, it is a
Treaty.

Treaty – an international agreement

concluded between states in written form
and sworn by international law, whether
embodied in a single instrument or in two or
more instruments and whether its
designation.

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