UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

UNISAN, QUEZON
1

IMPACTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG

GRADE-7 STUDENTS IN UNISAN
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

UNISAN, QUEZON

S. Y 2022-2023

A research work in English 1

Aliyah Abrigo

Jenevieve Silva

Allen Domingo
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
2

Marvin Privado

Angelica Sumabang

Maricris Buhatin

Aira Manseras

CHAPTER II
Review Of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

1.Reasons of Involvement of Students in Malnutrition

According to philStar(2020), 19 million Filipino pre-teens are underweight

and 5.8 million suffer from wasting or having a low weight-to-height
ratio.Malnutrition is directly correlated to poverty. As many as 2.3 million Filipinos
households suffer from severe hunger. Severe hunger occurs when a family goes
without food for more than one day. On the other hand, 11.2 million households
suffer from moderate hunger, having skipped at least one meal a day.In principle,
hunger and malnutrition should not occur (or should be substantially minimized)
since the economy is large enough to afford a monthly household income that is
seven times greater than the poverty threshold.(12)
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
3

Addition to this, UNICEF(2023) stated that the diet of Filipino children has
changed to the point that they are eating fewer nutritious fruits and vegetables, and more
sugary, salty, and fatty food—a diet so unhealthy it would likely condemn them to a
bleak future. Poor diet has contributed to the country’s triple burden of malnutrition,
undernutrition through micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity rates that have increased
significantly from 10.4 percent in 2019 to 14 percent in 2022 among children aged 5 to
10, and from 10.7 percent in 2019 to 13 percent in 2022 among adolescents 10 to 19
years old.(13)

2. Impacts of Malnutrition among Students

According to, the DepEd,Ed.D, and PSDS(2017) says that, the greatest
impact of malnutrition is experienced during the time of rapid brain development growth
before the age of 5. This is the period where the brain is nerable. Poor nutrition
negatively affects the learning capacity and the physical development of a child. (14)

However, the FNB(2016) said that, poor nutrition negatively affects the
learning capacity and physical development of a child and has serious consequences for
adult productivity and the economic development of society as a whole. To secure
sustained improvement in nutrition-related health in children, proper implementation of
appropriate policies and adequately resourced intervation programmes, is of crucial.(15)

3.Programs for Malnutrition

According to DepEd, Papica, Ed.D, and PSDS(2017), realizing this present problem
in early educational program, the Department has put in place programs and projects to
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
4

address the problem. Greater partnership and other sectors were enjoined together in
children. Among the government initiatives on nutrition in partnership with other
agencies includes School-Based Feeding Program(SBFP) Gulayan sa Paaralan, Wellness
Program, Oh My Gulay, Rice for Education, Backyard Gardening, and the yearly
celebration of Nutrition Month.(14)

Also, the MRP of DOST- FNRI(2014), addresses the undernutrition problem

among young children. the package of intervention involves direct feeding of rice-
mongo, from 6 months to below 3 years old children and nutrition education among
mothers ang caregivers. The complimentary food technology and the intervention
strategy is being rolled-out to the countryside as part of the solution to the malnutrition
problem among our Filipino young children.(16)

Related Studies

1. Causes on how does the students get involved in Malnutrition

According to Smritikana (2020), a malnourished child is not only a problem of

present-day society, but also an issue for the future. Approximately one- third(1/3) of the
world's children are malnourished. In general, people believe that a lack of money- that
is,

financial poverty- is the main reason for childhood malnutrition. Nevertheless, most
studies addressing this topic report that socio-economic factors are the major cause of
malnutrition worldwide. This analyses how some of this socio-economic factors affect
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
5

childhood malnutrition and identifies major steps taken by the authorities of different
countries to eliminate this causes. Among all types of malnutrition measurements,
stunting indicates the long-term impact of consistent malnutrition effectively. (17)

Also, Capanzana, Aguila and Montecillo(2018) stated that, young children with
HHF had higher prevelance of malnutrition compared to overall prevelance of
malnutrition among children in the Philippines,except for wasting. It also identified that
fisherfolks were one of the occupational groups with highest malnutrition among young
and school-aged children. Filipino children aged(0-0.5 years old) and (5.08- 10 years old)
in household headed fisherfolks. Underweight and wasting among young and school-
aged children in this occupational group poses immediate and serious nutrition
intervention such as, health and nutrition information, health care, sanitiator and hygiene,
and physical activities. A national policy on the health nutrition and welfare of household
by fisherfolks and their children is highly recommend.(18)

2.Effects of Malnutrition in Academic Performance of the Students

According to Chinyoka(2014), malnutrition remains one of the major obstacles to

human well-being, affecting all areas of a child's growth and development, including
performance in the classroom. Finding revealed that malnutrition affected physical
growth, cognitive development and it's consequently impacts on academic performance,
health and survival for learners. Malnutrition also depends poverty due to increased
health care costs. It also established that hungry and undernourished students were not
able to take on physical work and sporting activities seriously, are less able to attend
school and if they do, are less able to concentrate and learn.(19)

Moreover, Zenga,Tadesse and Ayete(2022) said that, malnutrition is

the main factor for poor academic performance ang contributed to the development of
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
6

other factors. It showed that malnutrition among school- aged children is a risk factor for
high absenteeism, early drop out, low school enrollment and unsatisfactory classroom

performance. This conducted that malnutrition in the form of stunting, underweight and
iodine deficiency affected the academic performance of the students.(20)

3. Specific Program to Avoid Malnutrition

According to Teo and Chin(2019), malnutrition among children may contribute

to adverse health consequences such as non-communicable diseases, poor cognitive
performance, psychological distress and poor quality in life that may persist in to
adulthood. In order to prevent malnutrition, an intervention programme to integrate
nutrition education and healthy school food environment is needed to provide nutrition
information and to reinforce the skills in healthy eating behaviors in school. There's a
protocol of a School-Based intervention programme that integrate nutrition education and
healthy school food environment, namely School Nutrition Program (SNP). It is a
primary prevention programme that promotes healthy lifestyle among schoolchildren in
light of the high prevelance of malnutrition.(21)

However, Nacionales(2019) said that school feeding programs are popular

intervention designed to support education for children living in poverty and food
insecurity. It shows that frequency of feeding, food preparation and safety, coordinating
and monitoring have a significant effect on the academic performance of the pupils while
budget appropriation, planning, and organizing have no significant effect. In the status of
the school-based feeding program management, only the frequency of feeding has a
significant effect on the socio-emotional stability of the pupils while food preparation,
safety, and budget appropriation have no significant effect. In program implementation,
planning and organizing have no significant effect to the socio-emotional stability of the
pupils however coordinating and monitoring have a significant effect be highly
implemented in all elementary schools as well as to maximize its usefulness to the pupils
in terms of improving their health status.(22)
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
7

CHAPTER III

Research Design, Population and Sample Size, Sampling Technique,

Description of Respondents, Instrumentation, Data-gathering
Procedure, and Statistical Treatment are included in this Chapter.

Research Design

The researchers used the Descriptive design, because the researchers want to
describe the perception of the students about the Impact of Malnutrition among Grade-7
students in their Academic Performance. Nowadays, students who are malnourished are
not aware about their condition. They don't even know that their condition might be a
threat in their lives and other daily doings. The researchers can't blame those students
with malnutrition because their condition might be caused by their ongoing daily
activities such as household chores. Being malnourished is a condition that is very hard to
avoid, because it's not like any other communicable and non-communicable disease.
Even if it's hard to avoid, if they know the effects, do you think they could still bear this
condition? The researchers guessed 'no', so that's why the researchers use descriptive, to
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
8

enumerate the possible effects of malnutrition on academic performances and what it can
possibly cause, the researchers want to understand and encourage to stop it.

Malnutrition is an imbalance between the nutrients your body needs to function

and the nutrient it gets. It can mean undernutrition or overnutrition. You can be
malnourished from an overall lack of calories, or you might have a Protein, Vitamin or
Mineral Deficiency. You might also have more excess Calories that your body knows
what to do with. Your body needs a variety of nutrients and in certain amounts, to
maintain its tissues and it's many functions. Malnutrition happens when the nutrients it
gets don't meet these needs. You can be malnourished from an overall lack of nutrients,
or you have an abundance of some kinds of nutrients but lack of other kinds.

Population and Sample Size

The total students of Unisan Integrated High School is a Sample Size of 217
students. The study has 10 respondents from Grade-7 which composes of a total of 217
students. There are 43 students from Rizal, 41 students from Mabini, 45 students from
Del Pilar, 43 students from Bonifacio, and 45 students from H. Pule. The respondents that
the researchers choose are through random sample whereas a population of 10 students
only selected because not all Grade-7 are malnourished.

Sampling Techniques

The study will have 10 participants from Grade-7 students that selected through
random sample. This sampling method was conducted where each member of a
population has an equal opportunity to become part of sample. In order to conduct this
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
9

sampling strategy, the researchers defined the population first, and selected members to
make the sample. For this purpose, a survey questionnaire in likert format has given to
the respondents to answer. The researchers select this tracks and section to response for
their questionnaire and interview by collecting data using a questionnaire to the 10
selected students of Grade-7, the researchers did this study to differentiate the effects of
malnutrition by 10 selected students in Grade-7

Description of the Respondent

The researchers respondents were composed of 10 students around 12-13 years

old. They are currently studying at Unisan Integrated High School. The respondents were
from Secrtion Rizal, Del Pilar, Mabini, Bonifacio, and H. Pule, most of students with
malnutrition were boys.

Instrumentation

The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The

instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem. The
questionnaire contains of ten(10) questions. The questionnaires will be distributed to the
respondents.

The data-gathering instrument was structured as a scale ranging 1-4. Wherein the
(1) is strongly disagree, (2) is disagree, (3) is agree and the last one is (4) strongly agree.
This legend will help the researchers to analyze the result of conducting data-gathering.

Data-Gathering Procedure
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
10

After establishing the validity and reliability on how to gather data, formulating
questions appropriate for the study and all doing necessary modification to the chosen
respondents. Ten(10) copies of questionnaires distributed will be successfully complete
returned. Thus, their corresponding answer to the question are kept in accordance with
the agreement of the respondents and the researchers. The data gathered was organized
and tabulated according to the results of the statistical treatment done. In this stage, the
service of statistical consultant was needed.

REFERENCES:

(1) copyright c 2023 The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and
Johns Hopkins Health System All rights reserved. https://www.who.int>health –topics
Malnutrition- World Health Organization (WHO).
(2) New York: United Nations Children’s Fund 2010.December 12,2018. Retrieved
March 19, 2012.https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki Malnutrition-Wikipedia.
(3) GMA News online. Published March 20,2023 11:52 PM By GMA Integrated News
(4) Rijano, Princess (2023). Grade-7 Malnutrition report. School year 2022-2023.
(5) executive Issuances, Laws and Issuances, Republic Acts and tagged Executive
Issuances, Republic Acts and Rodrigo Roa Duterte. June 20, 2018.
(6) By Lizzie Streit,MS,RDN,LD-updates on October
10,2018.https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/malnutrition.
(7)Dictionary.COM-UNABRIDGED based on the random house UNABRIDGED
DICTIONARY, c RANDOM HOUSE, INC. 2023 c 2023 Dictionary. Com
https://www.Dictionary.Com BROWSE. Carbonated
(8) Dictionary.COM-UNABRIDGED based on the random house UNABRIDGED
DICTIONARY, c RANDOM HOUSE, INC. 2023 c 2023 Dictionary. Com
https://www.Dictionary.Com BROWSE. Malnourish
(9)Dictionary.COM-UNABRIDGED based on the random house UNABRIDGED
DICTIONARY, c RANDOM HOUSE, INC. 2023 c 2023 Dictionary. Com
https://www.Dictionary.Com BROWSE. Micronutrient
 UNISAN INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
UNISAN, QUEZON
11

(10) Dictionary.COM-UNABRIDGED based on the random house UNABRIDGED

DICTIONARY, c RANDOM HOUSE, INC. 2023 c 2023 Dictionary. Com
https://www.Dictionary.Com BROWSE. Non Communicable
(11)Dictionary.COM-UNABRIDGED based on the random house UNABRIDGED
DICTIONARY, c RANDOM HOUSE, INC. 2023 c 2023 Dictionary. Com
https://www.Dictionary.Com BROWSE. Stunted
(12) https://www.philstar.com/opinion2022/03/02/2164256/child-nutrition-and
education-national-emergency/amp/#amy_tf=from
%20%251%24s&aoh=1685454255505&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-google.com
(13)https://opinion.inquirer.net/?p=161895
(14)https://www.depednaga.ph/?p=5787
(15) https://m.bizcommunity.com/article/196/329/140000.html
(16) https://fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php/141-dost-pinoy-malnutrition-reduction-program
(17) https://psa.gov.ph./content/poverty-incidence-among-filipino-registered-258-first-
semester-2014-psa
(18)https://www.fao.org/dociep/paf/oo/y5650e/y5650e00.paf
(19)Benso,T.2012:S.Fan and R Pan-dya-lorch(Eds)Reshaping Agriculture for nutrition
and health Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute
(20)De onis M, et al. Levels and trends in child malnutrition.unicef-WHO-The-world-
bank joint child malnutrition estimate,2012
(21)World Health Organization.Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity:
implementation plan:executive summary.2016
(22)2017byaccendersAslaPte.LtD.https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/
11341