Using ETABS

G+8 RCC Building Analysis and Design

Using ETABS
MOHAMMED ZAMEER AHAMED J,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, DR. SMCE , BANGALORE

ABSTRACT:
A structure's planning and design must be artistic in order to accomplish economy, serviceability,
durability, and safety. In addition to creativity and critical thinking, a solid understanding of structural
engineering science is necessary for the entire structural planning and designing process. This
includes familiarity with applicable design codes and building bylaws, as well as practical knowledge
supported by real-world experience.An architect typically considers the functional needs and
aesthetics, while a structural engineer is more concerned with the structure's economy, durability,
serviceability, and safety. For this reason, a location is chosen on which to erect an eight-story (G+8)
structure. There are four apartments on each story, each with a bedroom, bathroom, living, dining,
kitchen, and storage space—all the amenities needed for a residential home. The study and design of
the apartment building are the focus of the current project. Just the live load and dead load are taken
into account for analysis and design purposes. Since wind load is not considerable for an eight-story
building, its effect is not taken into account. Values for dead loads are derived from IS-875 (Part 1),
and values for live loads are derived from IS-875 (Part 2). Here, an elevation and plan are created
using AutoCAD. It has to do with how the elevation and plan look from the outside.

Key words: Analysis, Design, G+8, ETabs, IS.

I. INTRODUCTION
In reality, an apartment building is a single-story home that is a component of a multi-story structure
that is home to numerous households. We are designing a garden type of apartment, which includes a garden
and lane in addition to the living space, rooms, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, and back yard, among other distinct
sorts of apartments, such as studio, alcove, convertible studio, loft, and garden apartments. Another name for
this unit is FLAT or UNIT.
Due to the country's expanding population and land scarcity, multistory buildings that house a large
number of people in a small space have been built. Additionally, deforestation has been avoided, and the
structures' sense of development is a key sign of the nation's social success. Typically, a person lives in their
home for two thirds of their lifetime. Building a home is now a big undertaking for the nation's social
advancement; every day, new techniques are developed to build homes swiftly, affordably, and in accordance
with community needs. Planners, designers, planners of layouts, etc., are engineers.
Only vertical loads were taken into consideration during building design. Since we are only designing for G+8, wind
load consideration is not required in this case. The vertical load is made up of the live load utilizing code IS-875(Parts 1
and 2) and the dead load of structural elements such beams, columns, slabs, etc. In accordance with IS 456-2000, the
building is built as a two-dimensional vertical frame and is examined for maximum bending moments and shear force.
For analysis, E Tabs software is employed.

II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

This project's primary goals are to: 1. Finish the analysis and design for a G+8 structure.
2. A structure's analysis takes into account both lateral and gravitational loads.
3. The substitute frame method is used to analyze gravity loads, and it can be used to analyze lateral loads as well.

two techniques: dynamic and static analysis.

4. The portal frame approach is used to analyze lateral loads. As we approach the dynamic analysis, the seismic
analysis is completed.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW:

I.S. codes, conference proceedings, standard journals, and reference books were used in order to conduct the
thorough literature review. Below is a summary of the significant study that many researchers have completed.
Sayyed A.Ahad, Shivaj, Shaikh Ammar, and Hashmi S. Afzal This article examines the analysis and design
of a G+10-story apartment complex. The program ETABS, which has shown to be excellent and has a lot of
 potential in the analysis and design of Using
different ETABS
portions, is used for analysis. the RCC frame and other structural
components. An isolated footing is supplied in accordance with the soil investigation results. AutoCAD 2018
was used to hand design and detail each structural component. To the greatest extent feasible, the analysis and
design were completed in accordance with standard requirements. It was also acknowledged that the structural
engineer faced a variety of challenges during the design process and limitations while developing up to the
architectural drawing.

Sallal, Ali Kadhim The ETABS program's results for the DL, LL, and FF loads in this study are comparable to
the values that were determined by hand. It was determined from the analysis results that the building's
structural integrity could bear the intended seismic loadings and that this was safe. Numerous significant
outcomes, such as deflection, shear force, and bending moments, are comparable to the values that were
manually computed
K. Prabin Kumar, Mr. R Sanjaynath "Planning, Analysis and Design of (G+20) multi-story Residential Building
using ETABS" was the study's focus. Auto Cad is a design and drafting program created and marketed by Autodesk,
Inc. that is used to create both two- and three-dimensional structures. It is a programmed vector graphics drawing. The
basic building blocks of the complex are primitive elements like lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text. Auto CAD 2014
was used to create the drawings and detailing tasks. The native file format for Auto CAD is DWG, and to a lesser
extent, its interchange file format is DXF.
IV. METHODOLOGY
1. SITE INSPECTION
2. Building planning
3. Grid numbering and system design
4. The initial layout of the roof, floor, and column slabs as well as the footing
5. Creating 3D frame models
6. Calculating loads
7. A look at the 3D frames
8. The final layout of the column, beam, and other components
9.Structural detail
V. PROBLEM
STATEMENT Utility of building: Apartment ComplexThere are
G+8 stories. There are two staircases on each story.
Bricks are the type of wall. 3 meters from floor to ceiling
The ETABs software models the structure.
Table 1. INPUT PARAMETER OF ETABS MODELLING

Sr No. Parameter Details

1 Plinth Height 1.2m to 1.5m
2 Building type RCC Framed Structure
3 Building designation G+8 RCC Building
4 Plan of 8 storey Building (35.20 X 15.35)m
5 Column Details (230X600)
6 Beam Detail’s (230X450)
7 Slab Thickness 125
8 Grade of Concrete M25
9 Grade of steel Fe500
10 Safe bearing capacity of soil 300 KN /M2
 11
Using ETABS
Type of slab Conventional one way &2-way slab
12 Zone as per seismic zones of map of India givenin III
IS
1893 (part 1):2016
13 Zone Factor Z as per Table 3 of IS 1893 (part 0.16
1):2016
14 Types of soil Medium Soil
15 Basic wind speed 39 m/s
16 Type of foundation Pad Footing
17 Type of staircase C Type

fig 1. 1Plan of the Building

VI. STEPS IN MODELLING OF 3D FRAME

Phase-by-phase Guide to ETAB Modeling
Step 1: Create a grid structure along the X and Y axes to construct the building model in a grid pattern and enter storey
data starting at the base and working up to the top story.
Step 2: Identify the concrete's material parameters (M25).
Step 3: Identify the rebar's material property (Fe500).
Step 4: Specify the sectional characteristics of the slab, column, beam, and core wall.
Step 5: Layouting the slab and beams for a typical story
Step 6 : Establish Load Patterns Define Load Combination in
Step 7 : We use many load combinations in the Etab program.
1.5(DL+LL) 1.5(DL - ELX)
1.2(DL+LL+ELX) 1.5(DL+ELY)
1.2(DL+LL-ELX) 1.5(DL+ELX)
1.2(DL+LL+ELY) 0.9DL+1.5ELX
1.2(DL+LL-ELY) 0.9DL-1.5ELX
 1.5(DL+ELX)
Using ETABS 0.9DL+1.5ELY
0.9DL-1.5ELY

Step 8 : Assign the Loads

Step 9: Give the entire structure its diaphragms.
Step 10: Assign shear walls and slab pieces to meshing
Step 11: Define the mass source (D.L. + 0.25L.L.) to finish the construction.
Just 25% of the live load is lumped at the floors since the live load class is 2 kN/sqm (< 3 kN/sqm). -According to
IS1893(Part 1) Table 10:2016 The structure's total seismic weight is equal to Σ n x floor area x (D.L. + 0.25L.L.),
where n is the number of storeys.
Step 12: Prior to analysis, check the model
Step 13: Conduct analysis for combinations of static earthquake loads
Step 14: All response quantities must be scaled up as follows if the base shear determined by dynamic analysis is
smaller than the base shear determined by static analysis (i.e., RSX < EQX; RSY < EQY).
(I x g)/2R x (0.8) x (Eq static base shear / Response spectrumBase shear) is the scale factor. where I is the importance
factor and 1g is the gravitational accelerationR is the response reduction factor.
Step 15: Scale factor analysis for the final run.
Step 16: The findings are tallied in order to examine the building's structural behaviors.
 Using ETABS

fig 2. 3D model view in ETABS

fig 3. Front elevation and isometric view

VII. COMPUTAION OF LOADS

A. Table 2 Properties of Member Sections
Member Sections Dimensions (mm)
Slab Thickness 125
Beams B230x450
Columns C230x600
 Using ETABS
Load Calculation
The following loads were taken into account for analysis:
1. Dead Loads
It is first necessary to assume the cross sectional dimensions in order to estimate the dead load from the structure's
unit weight values. The values for the materials' unit weights are outlined in IS 875:1987 (Part-I). based on section I
of IS875: 1987.
Brick weight is 18 kN/m, and concrete weight is 25 kN/m3.This is an example of a calculation:
Wall Load
1. External wall load
Thickness of wall = 230 mm
Wall load = unit weight of brick x thickness of wall x( floor height –beam depth)
=15 x 0.23 x 3
= 10.35 kN/m
2. Internal wall load
Thickness of wall = 150mm
Wall load = 15 x 0.15 x 3 = 6.75 kN/m
Floor Load
Thickness of slab = 125 mm
Slab load (s1) = 0.075 x 20 = 1.5 kN/m2 Floor finish = 1 kN/m2 (as per IS 875 part
1)Total floor load = 2.5 kN
Slunk Slab
Thickness of Slab =150
Slab load = 0.23x20=4.6 kN/M2
Staircase Slab = 0.15 x20=3.75kn/m
Beam Load
Beam Load = 25 x b x D
= 25 x 0.23 x 0.45
= 2.587 kN/m
Live Load
All loads other than the structure's dead loads are referred to as "live loads," often known as "imposed loads." The
standard values are described in part II of IS875:1987.
Table 3. Live Loads
Area Live Load (kn/m2)
Lobby 3
Corridors 3
Lift 2
Bedroom 2
Kitchen 2
Living Room 3
Terrace Floor 3
LMR 2
 Using ETABS

fig 4 SFD AND BMD

fig 5. All Load combination

Design of Slab Floor Systems

Gravity loads, both dead and live, are resisted by the horizontal floor system and are transferred to the vertical frame
system. In this procedure, axial compression—often in conjunction with flexure and shear—is typically applied to the
vertical frame parts, while flexure and transverse shear are primarily applied to the floor system. In addition, the floor
acts as a horizontal diaphragm to connect and stabilize the several vertical frame components. The floor diaphragm
responds to lateral loads in the following ways:
 Using
It efficiently and stiffly distributes the lateral loadETABS
effects to the different vertical frame parts and shear walls because of
its high in-plane flexural stiffness. One of the following often makes up the floor system in cast-in-situ reinforced
concrete construction:
Wall-Supported or Beam Slab System:
The floor slabs in this design are often supported by beams or load-bearing walls made of masonry.
Slab panels can be supported in a variety of ways and are typically rectangular in shape.
The term "one-way slab" refers to a slab that bends only in one direction when it is supported by two opposing
sides. A slab bends in two directions—along the length and along the breadth—when it is supported on all four
sides and the plan dimensions of length and breadth are similar to one another. This type of slab is known as a
two-way slab.
The bending in the longitudinal direction is, however, much less than that along the transverse (short-
span) direction if the plan is a long rectangle (length greater than roughly twice the width), and the resulting slab
action is essentially one-way. The slab is no longer simply supported if the wall extends above floor level
because the partial fixity at the support causes hogging moments in the slab. Additionally, there are twisting
moments created at the corners that are not lifted freely.
Typically, slabs are cast in panels that span multiple wall supports continuously. These panels are referred to as one-
way continuous slabs or two-way continuous slabs, depending on whether the majority of the bending occurs in one
direction or two. In the slab, hogging moments are created in the vicinity of the continuous support. The slabs in this
building are intended to be two-way slabs supported by beams with various end conditions.
Design of Beam
A beam is a structural component whose main function is to resist loads applied to its axis laterally. Its primary
method of deflection is bending. Reaction forces are created at the beam's support points by the loads placed on it.
The sum of all the forces acting on the beam results in bending moments and shear forces inside the beam, which
cause internal stresses, strains, and deflections within the beam. The material, equilibrium conditions, profile (cross-
sectional form), and mode of support all define beams.
Beam classification according to supports:
1. Simply supported: a beam with no moment resistance and freedom to rotate that is supported at both ends.
2. Fixed: a beam that is held up at both ends and cannot rotate.
3. Overhanging: a straightforward beam that extends past its supporting end.
4. Double overhanging: a straightforward beam that extends past its supports on both ends.
5. Continuous: a beam that crosses over two or more supports.
6. Cantilever: a beam that projects and is only fixed at one end.
This structure is made up of cantilever, simply supported, and continuous beams.
Design of Columns
Columns are simply stiff vertical structural components designed primarily tosupport axial compressive
loads emanating from beams and slabs and then transmit it to ground through footing. These are the skeleton
structural components, and the architect will typically specify the cross-sectional shapes, which can be square,
rectangular, circular, L-shaped, etc. From a structural perspective, the height of the column section and the loads
operating on it determine its size. These factors also depend on the kind of floor system, column spacing,
number of stories, and other factors. Generally speaking, the column is made to withstand axial compression in
addition to (biaxial) bending moments brought on by "frame action" under lateral loads and gravity. Since the
lower stories of tall structures are more affected by these load effects, high strength concrete (up to 50 MPa)
with large reinforcing area (up to 4% of the concrete area) is commonly used in these situations to reduce the
size of the columns. The height of the columns between floor slabs may occasionally be excessive (more than
one storey high); in these cases, it is structurally preferable to shorten the column's unsupported length by
installing the necessary tie beams; in all other cases, the columns should be appropriately designed as slender
columns. The building's rectangular biaxial column design is displayed below.
 Using ETABS

B. fig 3. 29 Column Reinforcement Arrangements (230X600)

Design of Footings
The portion of a typical on-ground construction that is above ground is referred to as the superstructure, and the portion
that is below ground is referred to as the substructure, sometimes known as the "foundation structure" (or just the
foundation).
The foundation's two main functions are to:1. Transfer applied load effects—that is, reactions in the form of
vertical and horizontal forces and moments—to the soil below while staying within the soil's "safebearing
capacity"; and2. Ensure that the structure settles within acceptable bounds and as nearly uniformly as possible.
Additionally, the foundation needs to offer sufficient protection against potential instability brought on by
overturning, sliding, and/or pull-out. The very objective of retaining walls, which are designed to provide
lateral support to earth fill or embankments in order to hold the side of the earth fill in a vertical position, is to
design against pressures that can cause overturning and sliding. The choice of foundation type is influenced by
the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be established, in addition to the type of
superstructure and the amounts and kinds of reactions caused at its base. One of the various forms of footing is
pad footing.
1.Pad footing.
2.Isolated footing.
3.Combined footing.
4.Wall footing.

Pad Footing- Pad foundations are those that transfer concentrated loads from superstructures to the soil. They
typically consist of a concrete pad or block and are positioned to transfer point loads from framed constructions or
columns. Pad foundations can be any shape—square, rectangular, or round. The pad footing may be stepped if it
is exposed to a heavily laden structure. The pad merely distributes the loads from the structure to the soil's bearing
layer. Ground beams are also supported by pad foundations.
The types of pad foundations utilized in building are as follows:
1. Plain Concrete Pad Foundation
2. Reinforced Concrete Pad Foundation
3. Combined Pad Foundation
4. Continuous Pad Foundation
5. Pad Foundations with Ground Beam

VIII. CONCLUSION:
Planning, research, and design were completed for the G+8 multi-story apartment complex. Using
ETABS, the analysis was completed for various loads in accordance with standard criteria. Dead load and live
load were applied, and the size of the structural members were defined. AutoCAD 2018 was used to hand design
and detail each structural component. Slabs, beams, and columns were tested for deflection and designed for
bending moments, axial loads, and shear.Safe and cost-effective design was accomplished. Enough
understanding of analysis and design was acquired through this project.
 Using ETABS
REFERENCES

[1]. Sayyed A. Ahad, Hashmi S Afzal, Shivaj and Shaikh Ammar. “Analysis and Design of Multistory
Apartment Building Using ETABS”, International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science ISSN:
2319-7242.
[2]. Ali Kadhim Sallal, “Design and Analysis 10 Storied building using ETABS software-2016”, International
Journal of Research in Advanced Engineering andTechnology.
[3]. R Sanjaynath, Mr. K. Prabin Kumar. “Planning, Analysis and Design of (G+20) multi-storey
Residential Building using STAAD.PRO”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics ISSN:
1314-3395.
[4]. Nagaratna S A, Ranjita N H, Vijaykumar K J. “Analysis and Design of MultistoryBuilding (G+3) By
Using ETABS”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology IRJET.
[5]. Dinesh Ranjan. S, Aishwarya Lakshmi. V (2017). “Design and Analysis of an Institutional Building”,
International e-Journal for Technology and Research