izkLrkfod

ekuo vkf.k Ik;kZoj.k ;kapk vfHkUu laca/k vkgs- Ik;kZoj.k tho o iztkrh ;kapk thou
fodkl vkf.k e`R;w ;k lokZauk izHkkfor djrs- ekuo vkf.k fulxZ ;kaP;k vU;ksU; laca/kkrwu
laLd`rh fuekZ.k gksr-s lkfgR; gk ;k laLd`rhpk vfoHkkT; ?kVd vkgs- ekuo vkf.k fulxZ
;kaP;krhy fdz;k izfrfdz;kapk izHkko lkfgR;ke/;s meVrks-fulxkZrhy ;k cnykauk ekuop
dkj.khHkwr vlY;kus fulxZ o i;kZoj.kkoj ifj.kke gksrks- R;keqGs i;kZoj.k lerksy jkgrks vFkok
fo”kerk fuekZ.k gksr-s izkphu dkGkiklwu i;kZoj.kh; lH;rspk ekuo fopkj djr vkysyk vkgs-
nwf”kr i;kZoj.kkpk iz’u R;kaus vkiY;k vfHkO;Drhrwu ekaMyk vkgs- e/;;qxke/;s tlk
i;kZoj.kkP;k fo”k;h fopkj iq<s vkyk vkf.k R;krwu uSlfxZd foKku fodkl ikoys-vktP;k
dkGkr foKku ;qxkr i;kZoj.kkP;k lerksyrsdMs tkf.koiwoZd nqyZ{k dsys tkr vkgs-vki.k
vkiyh lH;rk fol:u vkiY;k LokFkkZlkBh Ik;kZoj.k iznwf”kr djr vkgksr- fulZxkpk gok rlk
okij djr vkgksr]fulxkZrhy L=ksrkapk tkr ]oxZZ]fyaxHkko ;kaP;k foHkkx.khe/;s fo”kerk vk.kwu
uSlfxZd o lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k tVhy dsys tkr vkgs- gh xks”V vkiY;k lokZalkBh fparsph vkgs-
Hkkjrh; lkfgR;krp uOgs rj ejkBh lkfgR;krgh Ik;kZoj.k j{k.k] Ik;kZoj.k fp=.k] nq”ifj.kke ;k
lokZaps fp=.k vkys vkgs-
Hkkjrh; fparu vkf.k lkfgR; ;kapk vH;kl djrk vki.kkl vls fnlrs dh ekuo
tkrhpk bfrgkl ftrdk izkphu vkgs fÙkdkp Ik;kZoj.k fp=.kkpk bfrgklgh izkphu vkgs-
yksdk;r]cq/nijaijk ]osn] mifu”kn] iqjk.k] egkHkkjr] jkek;.k ;krwugh Ik;kZoj.kkps egÙo o.kZu
dsys vkgs- Ik;kZoj.kkps larqyu QDr ekuo tkrhlkBhp uOgs rj i`Fohoj vl.kkÚ;k laiw.kZ
thoul`”VhlkBh R;kaps vfLRkRo jk[k.;klkBh vR;ar egÙokps vkgs- tkxfrd rkieku ok< gh
Ik;kZoj.k iznw”k.kkps Hk;kog vkf.k fouk’kdkjh :Ik Eg.kwu ;srkuk fnlr vkgs- ok<rs vkS|ksxhdj.k
R;krwu fu?k.kkjh ?kkrd jklk;fud fo”knzO;s ekuoh thoukP;k eqGkoj mByh vkgsr- i;kZoj.kkP;k
vlerksykeqGs ekuoh lektkleksj vR;ar egÙokps iz’u fuekZ.k >kys vkgsr-
Ik;kZoj.k iznw”k.kkpk izHkko O;DRkhaP;k ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld vkf.k ckSfn/kd fodkl ;koj
iMrks-izLrqr la’kks/kuke/;s ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk dsyh tk.kkj vkgs-
vH;klfo”k; fuoMhekxhy mÌs’k
I- lkfgR;izdkj Eg.kwu dforsrhy fulxZ o i;kZoj.kkpk vH;kl dj.ks-
II- dforsrhy i;kZoj.kkps fo”kerkoknh okVi o fulxkZph Hkwfedk vH;kl.ks-

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 III- Ik;kZoj.k o ekuo ;kaP;k lglaca/kkps fp=.k dforsrwu d’kk izdkjs vkys vkgs R;kpk
vH;kl dj.ks-
IV- L=hokn vkf.k i;kZoj.k ;kaP;k lglaca/kkpk vH;kl dj.ks o lkfgR;krwu R;kps fp=.k
d’kk izdkjs vkys vkgs R;kpk L=hoknh n`f”Vdks.kkrwu vk<kok ?ks.ks-
V- laLd`rh ladj o i;kZoj.k ;kaP;k lglaca/kkpk vH;kl dj.ks-
VI- oxZ]oa’k]tkr]fyaxHkko] /keZ ;kuqlkj cnyR;k fulxZfp=.kkpk o fulxZizfrekapk vH;kl
dj.ks-
VII- HkkSxksfyd o lkekftdn`”V;k lkfgR;krhy iSywaps foospu dj.ks-
x`fgrds ¼Hypothesis½
I Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dforkae/kwu fulxkZpk o R;krhy izfrek] izfrdkapk okij [kwi eksB;k
izek.kkoj >kyk vkgs-
II- i;kZoj.k fulxZ o L=h ;kapk toGpk lglaca/k vkgs o R;kpk fopkj i;kZoj.kh;
L=hoknh n`f”Vdks.kkrwu dsyk xsyk
vkgs-
III- fulxZ o lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k]Hkkf”kd Ik;kZoj.k]lkekftd Ik;kZoj.k]vkfFkZd i;kZoj.k
;kaP;k fudVP;k laca/kkps fp=.k
ejkBh dforsrwu eksB;k izek.kkoj vkys vkgs-
IV- fofo/k fo|k’kk[kk vkf.k fulxZ ]i;kZoj.k o ekuoh thou ;kapk ?kfu”B laca/k vkgs-
V –ekuofufeZr i;kZZoj.k okVikph tkr]oxZ]fyaxHkko]/kekZf/kf”Br fo”kerk lkfgR;krwu
fo’ks”kr% dforsrwu fnlrs-
la’kks/kukP;k i/nrh
Lokra«;ksÙkj rs 2015 i;ZarP;k ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk ;k
la’kks/kufo”k;klkBh lS/nkafrd la’kks/ku i/nrh]vUo;kFkZd la’kks/ku i/nrh]lanHkkZUo;h la’kks/ku
i/nrh ]rkSyfud]ekul’kkL=h; v’kk fofo/k la’kks/ku i/nrhapk voyac dsyk tk.kkj vkgs-
lkfgR;kps iqujkoyksdu o egÙo ¼Review of literature½
izLrqr ‘kks/kizca/kkP;k n`”Vhus vH;kl djrkuk vki.kkl vls fnlwu ;srs dh] ejkBh
lkfgR;krhy dfork gk ok³~e;izdkj [kwi vH;klyk xsyk vkgs- dforsrhy fulxZ fp=.kkpk
vH;klgh dkgh doahaP;k dforklaxzgkaP;k vuq”kaxkus >kyk vkgs- ejkBh lkfgR; leh{kse/;s ejkBh

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 dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk ;k vuq”kaxkus dkgh vH;kl >kys vkgsr-i;kZoj.kh;
L=hokn]lkaLd`frd]jktdh;]vkfFkZd]lkekftd Ik;kZoj.k]Hkkf”kd i;kZoj.k ;k vuq”kaxkusgh dkgh
iqLrds fyfgyh xsyh vkgsr-ejkBhe/;s ‘kjn ikVhy]jk-x-tk/ko]Hkkjr ikV.kdj]dqekj
f’kjkGdj]oanuk Hkkxor]vf’ouh /kksaxMs ;k vH;kldkauh ;k vuq”kaxkus ys[ku dsys vkgs-jktu
xol ;kauh d`f”ktulaLd`rh gh i;kZoj.koknkyk toG tk.kkjh ladYiuk eakMyh vkgs-nfyr
vkfnoklh o ifjorZuoknh pGoGhrhy dk;ZdR;kaZuh i;kZoj.kkpk lerkf/kf”Br vUo;kFkZ
yko.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs-;k ik’oZHkwehoj izLrqr la’kks/ku ejkBh lkfgR;kph i;kZoj.koknh
leh{kk o R;k vuq”kaxkus ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk gk vH;klfo”k; [kwip mn~cks/kd
Bjsy ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

vkarjfo|k’kk[kh; laca/k
ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk gk vH;klfo”k; loZ vH;kl’kk[kka’kh vxnh
toGpk vkgs-
Hkwxksy]i;kZoj.k’kkL=]lekt’kkL=]jkT;’kkL=]vFkZ’kkL=]lkfgR;]dyk]uhfr’kkL=]/keZ]ÙkoKku]ekul’kkL
= ;k loZ fo|k’kk[kakpk vH;kl ;ke/;s djkok ykxrks-
izLrqr izca/kkP;k izdj.kakph dze’k% ekaM.kh
izdj.k ifgys % i;kZoj.k ]ifjlaLFkk o i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk % ladYiuk ]Lo:i
izdj.k nqljs % dfork o ejkBh dforsph iwoZihfBdk
izdj.k frljs % Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk
izdj.k pkSFks % Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dfork vkf.k lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k
izdj.k ikpos % i;kZoj.k pGoGh]jktdh; Hkwfedk vkf.k ejkBh dfork
izdj.k lgkos % Lokra«;ksÙkj i;kZoj.kh; L=hoknh leh{kk
izdj.k lkros % milagkj @fu”d”kZ
lanHkZxzaFklwph ifjf’k”B
izdj.k ifgys
i;kZoj.k ]ifjlaLFkk o i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk % ladYiuk ]Lo:i

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 1-1i;kZoj.k%laKk ]ladYiuk o Lo:i 1-2 ifjlaLFkk% laKk ]ladYiuk o Lo:i 1-3
i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk% laKk ]ladYiuk o Lo:i
lkfgR; vkf.k fulxZ ;kapk ijLijlac/a k usgehp ppsZpk fo”k; cuyk vkgs- dforsrwu
;s.kkÚ;k fulxZfp=.kkps o.kZu [kwi eksB;k izek.kkoj ;srkuk fnlrs- vk/kqfud ;qxkr fulxZ o
ekuo ;kaP;kr ijLijlaca/k xqarkxqarhpk o O;kfeJ gksrkuk fnlr vkgs- HkkSfrd lq[kkP;k
gO;klkiksVh >kMkaph gks.kkjh dÙky] tkxfrd rkiekukr gks.kkjh ok<] vpkudi.ks ;s.kkjk
vodkGh ikÅl] Hk;kog nq”dkG] egkiwj tyizy; ;k xks”Vh vkrk fuR;kP;kp gksrkuk fnlr
vkgsr- iznq”k.kkph leL;k rj [kwip fcdV gksrkuk fnlr vkgs- ;k lokZaps fp=.k ejkBh
lkfgR;krwu dldls gksr xsys ;kpk fopkj Ik;kZoj.koknh leh{kse/;s gks.ks xjtsps vkgs- fulxZ o
lekt ;kaP;k ukR;kps fo’ys”k.k] fpfdRlk Ik;kZoj.koknh leh{kse/;s gks.ks xjtsps vkgs-
Ik;kZoj.koknh leh{kd Ik;kZoj.k o fulxZ ;kapk lektk’kh vlysyk laca/k o R;kps fp=.k
lkfgR;ke/;s dls o fdrh >kys vkgs ;kpk vH;kl djrkr- lkfgfR;dkauh vkiY;k lkfgR;krwu
fulxkZps o ,dq.kp Ik;kZoj.kkps fp=.k fdrh izek.kkr dsys vkgs ;kpk fopkj Ik;kZoj.koknh
leh{kse/;s dsyk tkrks-
;k vuq”kaxkus ;k izdj.kkr i;kZoj.k ]fo”ke okVikph izfdz;k ;kpk vH;kl dsyk tk.kkj
vkgs-

izdj.k nqljs
ejkBh dforsph okVpky@ iwoZihfBdk
2-1izkphu ejkBh dfork 2-2 e/;;qxhu ejkBh dfork 2-3vokZphu ejkBh dfork] fu"d”kZ
dfork Eg.kts dk;\ ;k Ikz’ukps mÙkj ‘kks/k.;kps dke fujarji.ks pkyw vkgs-ijarq vafre
v’kh dkO;kph O;k[;k vtwu dks.khgh dsyh ukgh- dforsps vl.ks] fnl.ks] la’ys”k.k] fo’ys”k.k
;krwu dkO;kpk ‘kks/k vkf.k os/k ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru vusd dkO;’kkL=Kkauh dsyk vkgs-
izkphu dkGh vlysys ekSf[kd lkfgR; Eg.kts yksdlkfgR;krhy ^yksdxhrs^ ;ke/kwu
vfHkO;Dr >kysyh i;kZoj.koknh ejkBh dfork ;k izdj.kkr vH;klyh tkbZy-fulxZ vkf.k
ekuo ;kaP;k laca/kkpk i;kZoj.kh; ‘kks/k yksdxhrkr dlk ;srks gs riklys tkbZZy- ejkBhrhy
e/;;qxhu dforsyk oSfnd vkf.k voSfnd oSpkfjd ijaijkapk vk/kkj vkgs- e/;;qxhu ejkBh
lardohaoj ts i;kZoj.kh; izHkko vkgsr rs dkgh fuoMd mnkgj.kkaP;k lgk¸;kus v/kksjsf[kr dsys
4

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 tkrhy- rlsp vk/kqfud dkGkr ik’pkR; fopkjiz.kkyh vkf.k egkjk”Vªkrhy lerkfopkj
i;kZoj.kkdMs dlk ikgrks gs riklys tkbZy- egkjk”VªkP;k fopkjizokgkrhy
yksdfgroknh]fo”.kwcqok czEgpkjh]egkRek Qqys ;kaP;k fopkjkrwu i;kZoj.kkpk fopkj ledkfyu
dforsrwu dlk O;Dr >kyk vkgs rs vH;klys tkbZy- rlsp Lokra«;iqoZ dkGkrhy dforsrhy
i;kZoj.kh; laca/k riklys tkrhy-
izdj.k frljs
Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dforsph i;kZoj.koknh leh{kk
3-1ifjlaLFkk ]fulxZ o ekuo ¼Ecology,Nature & Human½ 3-2fulxZ vkf.k lkfgR; ¼Nature &

Literature½3-3 Hkk”kk ]lkfgR; o i;kZoj.k¼Language ,literature & Enviornment½ 3-4

nfyr]fonzksgh dforsrhy fulxZ¼Nature in Dalit Poem½ 3-5 i;kZoj.k vkf.k vFkZ’kkL= ¼Ecology
and Economics½ ]fu"d”kZ
ejkBh dforsrwu i;kZoj.k]ifjlaLFkk vkf.k ifjfLFkrhdh ;kps fp=.k eksB;k izek.kkoj vkys
vkgs- Hkkjrke/;s i;kZoj.k j{k.kklkBh vusd pGoGh mH;k jkfgY;k- R;kiSdh vfr’k; xktysyh
pGoG Eg.kts ^fpidks vkanksyu* gks;- fganhe/;s ^fpidks*;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ vfyaxu ns.ks gk
gks;- i;kZoj.k j{k.kkpk la?k”kZe; dk;Zdze Eg.kts v’kk izdkjph vkanksyus gks;- fulxZ vkf.k
lkfgR; ;kaps vxnh toGps ukrs vkgs-;kpk ejkBh dforsoj >kysyk ifj.kke vH;klyk tkbZy-
nfyr @ fonzksgh dfork vkf.k i;kZoj.k
fonzksgh dfork vkf.k i;kZoj.k ;kapk laca/k vxnh toGpk vkgs-nfyr dforsrhy fulxZ
gk R;kaP;k O;Fkk o osnuka’kh ukrs lkaxrks-mn;kyk ;s.kkjk lw;Z R;kP;k orZekudkfyu vkf.k
Hkfo”;dkyhu vH;qn;kph vk’kk Eg.kwu ;srks- isV.kkjk lw;Z] vkx vksd.kkjk lw;Z R;kP;k uO;k
la?k”kkZph ukanh gksÅu ;srks- i;kZoj.kkrhy izR;sd ?kVd nfyr dfors’kh ,d#i gksrkuk fnlrks-
fulxkZoj ekuokus feGoysyk fot; o R;krwu gks.kkjk lk/kulaiÙkhpk Úgkl ;krwu ek.klkps tx.ks
Hk;O;kdqG djrkuk fnlr vkgs- nfyr dohaP;k dforkrwugh r’kh nq[kjh tk.kho O;Dr gksrkuk
fnlrs- uarj vkysY;k yksdkauh bFkyk ns’k] ekrh] unh]ukys] >kMs ;k lokZoj vkiys uko dksjys
vkf.k bFkY;kp Hkwehiw=kuka nL;w d#u lksMys-,dq.kp nfyr dforsrwu vfuek]vfuel lkoyh ;k
vkfnca/kkRed izfrek fulxZ izfrekaP;k #ikrwu d’kk o dk O;Dr >kY;k R;kpk vH;kl izLrqr
izdj.kkr dsyk tk.kkj vkgs-
vFkZ’kkL= o i;kZoj.kokn

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 vFkZ’kkL= o i;kZoj.k ;kapk toGpk laca/k vkgs-fulxkZf’kok; xfjckatoG xeko.;klkj[k
nqlja vla dkghp ulra- ,dnk dk gh uSlfxZd ekyeÙkk gMiyh xsyh dh nkfjnz;krwu lqVdk
gksr ukgh fulxZ u”V gks.ka Eg.kts Hkh”k.k nq”Vpdzkpk izokl lq# gks.ka- Lor%P;k LokFkkZlkBh
fu<kZoysY;k dkgh jktdkj.;keqGs o /kunkaMX;keqGs voS/k jsrh [k.k.k ]HkwxHkkZrhy vusd lkBs
voS/k ekxkZus mR[kuu d:u i;kZoj.kkpk Úgkl dj.;kps dkWUVWªDV feGkys vkgs- jklk;fud
‘ksrhe/;s Mh-Mh-Vh-o ch,p-lhP;k vfrfjDr okijkps nq”ifj.kke tk.kow ykxys -/kkU; ]ik.kh
brdsp uOgs rj ekrsP;k nq/kkrgh Dyksjhu lkiMw ykxys R;keqGs Mh-Mh-Vh-]ch,p-lh oj canh
vk.kyh xsyh-cnyR;k vFkZ’kkL=kps o i;kZoj.kkps fp=.k ejkBh dforsr dls vkys vkgs ;kpk
vH;kl ;k izdj.kkr dsyk tk.kkj vkgs-
izdj.k pkSFks
Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dfork vkf.k lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k
4-1ekuo o laLd`rh 4-2 lkfgR; vkf.k laLd`rh 4-3fulxZ vkf.k laLd`rh 4-4 l.k ozroSdY;s
o fulxZ
4-yksdlkfgR;krhy fulxZ 4-6 laLd`rh ladj o i;kZoj.k o fu"d”kZ
LkkfgR; thoukph mPpre lk/kuk vkgs- lkfgR;dkj lektkps vareqZ[kh o cfgeqZ[kh
fodkl] jpukRed izo`Ùkh ;kaps lw{e n`”Vhus fufj{k.k djrks- lgtkuqHkwrh Hkk”kk o dYiuk ;krwu
v{kj lkfgR;d`rhaps fuekZ.k djrks- lkfgR; gs laLd`rhps egÙoiw.kZ vax vkgs- ekuoh eukps
euksjatu dj.ks gkp QDr gsrw ukgh rj ekuokP;k lokZafx.k fodklkyk lkº;Hkwr dj.kkjs izk.kHkwr
rÙo Eg.kwugh lkfgR;kpk funsZ’k djkok ykxsy- ledkfyu lkfgR;kps izfrfcacp uOgs rj ^,Dljs*
dk<.;kps dkegh lkfgR; djrs-,d Hkk”kk] ,d {ks=] ,d tkrh] ,d dkG ;kpsp QDr lkfgR;
ulrs rj cgqHkkf”kd] loZ tkrh /keZ iaFk] lkoZdkfyd vuqHkokaps lkj Eg.kts Hkkjrh; lkfgR;
gks;-
Lokra«;ksÙkj ejkBh dfork vkf.k lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k
laLd`rh vkf.k fulxZ ;kapk vxnh toGpk laca/k vkgs- izd`rh o laLd`rh ;k ,dkp
uk.;kP;k nksu cktw vkgsr- izd`rh vk/kh ;srs o R;kikBksikB laLd`rh ;srs- izd`rhiklwup
laLd`rhph vo/kkj.kk gksrs-
^efYVfyaXoWfYk>e* cgqHkkf”kdrsP;k tekU;kr ejkBh dforklq/nk cnykdMs oGysyh
fnlrs- laLd`rh vkf.k fulxZ]eu vkf.k ‘kjhj]ekuoh vkf.k vekuoh v’kk loZp {ks=kr cnykps
okjs okgr vkgs- lkfgR; gs lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.kke/;s ‘kDrh’kkyh ek/;e fdaok izfrdkRed
6

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 ek/;e Eg.kwu o.kZu djrkuk fnlrs- fulxZ gk ekuoh eukph izjs d ‘kDrh vkgs- fulxZ ekuoh
eukyk vokgu djrks- vusd fulxZ dforkrwu vki.kkl gs tk.kors- laLd`rhpk lkjka’k vkf.k
vH;qn;kph vk’kk gh ‘ksoVh fulxkZi;Zarp ;sr-s laLd`rh] uSlfxZd lalk/kus]’kk’or lkaLd`frd
laca/k fodflr gks.;klkBh v’kk vH;klkph xjt vkgs-;kpk fopkj ;k izdj.kkr dsyk tkbZy-
izdj.k ikpos
i;kZoj.k pGoGh]jktdh; Hkwfedk vkf.k ejkBh dfork
5-1 Ik;kZoj.k pGoGh o jktdh; Hkwfedk 5-2 ls> o i;kZoj.k 5-3 leU;k;kph Hkwfedk 5-
4 i;kZoj.k dk;ns o loZlkekU; turk ]fu”d”kZ
i;kZoj.k pGoGh]jktdh; Hkwfedk vkf.k ejkBh dfork
i;kZoj.k pGoGh vkf.k jktdh; Hkwfedk ;kapk vxnh toGpk laca/k vkgs-lkBksÙkjh
dkGkr tkr]oxZ]fyaxHkkokP;k fo”kersfo:/n fonzksg izdV dj.kkÚ;k vusd pGoGh mn;kl
vkY;k-lerkf/kf”Br fopkj ?ksrysY;k pGoGh vkiyk fopkjO;wOg gLr{ksiklkBh okijr gksR;k-
ik.khiapk;r]cGhjktk /kj.kizdYi]ljnkj ljksoj vkanksyu]ls>iz’uh mHks jkfgysys vkanksyu rlsp
lektoknh o MkO;k fopkjkaP;k pGoGhauh lgHkkx ?ksryk vkgs- ;k pGoGhe/;s p<mrkj gksr
xsysys fnlrkr ;kpk ejkBh dforsoj izHkko iMysyk vkgs-;krwu i;kZoj.kkfo”k;h th uoh dfork
fuekZ.k >kyh R;kpk vuqca/k riklyk tkbZy- xzkeh.k vkf.k ‘kgjh lhekjs”kkauk Nsn nsr doh
vkiY;k dforsrwu vuqHko dlk vfHkO;Dr djrkr rs riklys tkbZy-
leU;k;kph Hkwfedk %
chuk vxjoky]jkepanz xqgk] ehuk danLokeh ]v:/karh jkW;]bfyukWj]xsy vkWEosV ;k
izHk`rhauh Gender Equality, Economical Equality,Social Descrimina on, inj us ce ;kfo”k;h Hkk”; dsys
vkgs- fulxkZrhy oLrwaps fo”ke okVi ]tehuhaps okVi]vFkZlÙksps ]jktlÙksps fo”ke okVi ;koj
R;kauh Hkk”; dsys vkgs-;k vk/kkjs dforsrhy gLr{ksikaph uksan ?ksryh tkbZZy-
izdj.k lgkos
Lokra«;ksÙkj i;kZoj.kh; L=hoknh leh{kk ¼Ecofeminism½

6-1L=hoknh lkfgR; ladYiuk o Lo:i 6-2 i;kZoj.k o L+=h 6-3 dforsrwu O;Dr >kysyk
i;kZo.kh; L=hokn] fu"d”kZ
Ik;kZoj.kh; L=hoknh pGoG ¼Eco Feminism½ gs L=hokn vkf.k ifjfLFkrhdh‘kh
lac/k n’kZfors- gh laKk Qzap
s ysf[kdk¼Francoise d Eaubonne) QzaUs LokWt fn mcku ;k ysf[kdsus
1980 e/;s ekaMyh Le Feminise ou la mort ;k iqLrdkr gh ladYiuk ekaMyh xsyh-
7

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 i;kZoj.kh; L=hokn gk L=h;kaph fiGo.kwd] NGo.kwd o fL=;akoj vf/kjkT; xkto.;kph o``Ùkh]
iq:”klÙkkd i/nrh ;kapk laca/k i;kZoj.kk’kh tksMyk xsyk vls ;k leh{kdkps vls er vkgs-
R;kauh dsysY;k ekaM.khpk Hkkjrh; L=hokn vkf.k L=hoknh i;kZoj.kh; fopkjkauk vk/kkj vkgs- R;k
vk/kkjs L=koknh i;kZoj.kh; dforspk /kkaMksGk ;k fBdk.kh ?ksryk tkbZy-
izdj.k lkros
milagkj @fu”d”kZ
ejkBh dforsph Ik;kZoj.koknh leh{kk gk la’kks/kufo”k; vH;klyk vlrk vki.kkl dkgh
fu”d”kZ gkrh ;srkr- izLrqr fo”k;kPkk iw.kZ vH;kl dsY;kuarj vk.k[kh dkgh fu”d”kZ gkrh ;srhy
;kr dkgh ‘kadk ukgh-
I½ ekuo vkf.k fulxZ ;kapk toGpk laca/k vlysyk fnlrks-
II½ ejkBh dforsrwu fo”kerkoknh i;kZoj.k okVikps o cnyR;k fulxkZps fp=.k eksB;k izek.kkoj
;srkuk fnlrs-
III½ ejkBh dforsrwu fulxZizfrekaps fp=.k oxZ ]oa’k]tkr]fyaxHkko]/keZ ;kaP;k vuq”kaxkus cnyrkuk
fnlrs-
IV½ Ik;kZoj.kh; L=hoknh n`f”Vdks.kkrwu ejkBh dforspk fopkj djrk vki.kkl vls fnlrs dh
ejkBh dforsrwu fulxkZpk
o L=hizfrekapk okij d:u eksB;k izek.kkoj dfork fyfgyh xsyh vkgs-
V½ laLd`rh o Ik;kZoj.k ;kapkgh toGpk laca/k vkgs- ejkBh dforsrwu fulxZ o LkaLd`rhps
fp=.k eksB;k izek.kkoj
vkys vkgs- dforse/;s fulxZ egÙokph Hkwfedk ctkorkuk fnlrks-
VI½ vkfFkZd] jktdh;] lkekftd o lkaLd`frd] Hkkf”kd Ik;kZoj.kkpk fopkj djrk fulxZ ;k
lokZe/;s dsanzfcanw vlY;kpk
fnlrks- cnyR;k Ik;kZoj.kh; leL;kaps fp=.kgh ejkBh dforsrwu eksB;k izek.kkoj vkys
vkgs-
VII½ ekuofufeZr fo”kerkoknh i;kZoj.kkps okVi o R;kaP;k ‘kks”k.kkps fp=.k ejkBh dforsrwu
eksB;k izek.kkoj vkys vkgs-

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 lanHkZ %dforklaxzg
1- dqlqekxzt ]^Qqyjk.kh* ]dkWfUVusUVy izdk’ku]iq.ks- 1971-
2- dqlqekxzt ]^thouygjh* ]dkWfUVusUVy izdk’ku]iq.ks- 1977-
3- xzl
s ] ^lka/;iokZrhy oS”.koh* ]ikWI;qyj izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 2001
4- xzl
s ] ^la/;kdkGP;k dfork* ]ikWI;qyj izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 1972
5- egkuksj uk-/kks-a ]^ogh* ]ikWI;qyj izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 1971
6- egkuksj uk-/kks-a ]^iGl[ksMph xk.kh* ]ikWI;qyj izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 1903
7- esJke ds’ko ] -]^fonzksgh dfork* ]dkWfUVusUVy izdk’ku]iq.ks- 2013
8- laik-nslkbZ ]^cfg.kkckbZaP;k dfork*]f’kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj-2012
lanHkZxzaFklwph
1- dqyd.khZ xks-e-]^vk/kqfud ejkBh dfork dkgh :is %dkgh jax* ]esgrk ifCyf’kax gkÅl
]iq.ks- 1991
2- dqyd.khZ ok-y- -]^ejkBh dfork tquh vkf.k uoh* ]ikWI;qyj izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 1901
3- ?kkjiqjs foBBy] ^ i;kZoj.k’kkL=* ]fiaiGkiqjs izdk’ku]ukxiwj-2014
4- pOgk.k jk-uk-]^ Hkkjrh; laLd`rh o frph okVpky* ]jes’k pOgk.k izdk’kd]iq.ks-2011
5- ekus vkf’k”k]cUus uhrk]Hkw;d
s j-]^i;kZoj.k vH;kl ,d vk/kqfud n`f”Vdks.k* ]pSrU;
izdk’ku]dksYgkiwj- 2005
6- ekaMs izHkkdj ]^yksdlkfgR;kps Lo:i* ]xksnkojh izdk’ku]vkSjaxkckn- 2009
7- eksjoaphdj jk-Jh-] ^Hkkjrh; tylaLd`rh* ]lqes: izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 2006-
8- /kksaxMs vf’ouh]^ L=hoknh leh{kk Lo:i o mi;kstu* ] izdk’ku]iq.ks-2014
9- nsÅGxkodj vrqy ]^c[kj i;kZoj.kkph * ]ekSt izdk’ku]eqacbZ- 2006
10- Bdkj fuf’kdkar] ^ejkBh dfork%Lo:Ik vkf.k foospu* ]Lok/;k; egkfo|ky;
izdk’ku]iq.ks -1977
11- Bkdjs olar ^ i;kZoj.k tk.kho fodkl* ]lkdsr izdk’ku]iq.ks-2012
12- ;kno dsnkjukFk -]^i;kZoj.k f’k{kk* ]vtqZu ifCyf’kax gkÅl]ubZ fnYyh- 2006
13- ;kno l-x]^-fulxZdU;k cfg.kkckbZ * ]izpkj izdk’ku ]dksYgkiwj-1982
14- lkusxq:th ]^L=hthou* ]banzk;.kh lkfgR;] iq.ks-1998
15- flag lqeu]^Hkkjrh; lkfgR;esa i;kZoj.k j{k.k* ]jks’kuh izdk’ku]dkuiwj- 2011

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 English Reference books
1. Cheryll Glo el ty, “Li ter ar y St udi es an age of envi ronme nt al cri si s”,
2. GaÙkad Greg “Ecocri ci sm” 2 par k squar e M
i lton par k ,Abhi ngad, Ox for ds hi re. 2004
3. Deshpande H.V. “Research in Literature and language” ,Sukhda Prakashan,Patan.
4. Giffor d, “Recent Cr i ques of Ecocr i ci sm” TeÙky New Forma ons , No. 64, Spr i ng 2008
5. Dana Phillips , “The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America” Oxford
University Press, 2003
6. Internet
7. ASLE Journal.

ekxZn’kZdkph lgh la’kks/kdkph lgh

¼ izk-MkW- ,e-,e-tk/ko½ ¼ izk-MkW- Hkjr fHkejko tk/ko ½

10

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