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FULANI INSURGENCY AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA: A
CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES OF EDUCATION LECTURERS IN
OGUN. STATE NIGERIA
BY
AFUBERA PRINCES GOLD
GWU/BSc/62458
A PROJECT: SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY
SUBMITTED TO
GLOBAL WEALTH UNIVERSITY, LOME, TOGO
OCTOBER 2024
I CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research work was conducted by AFUBERA PRINCESS GOLD with matriculation No. Reg. 62458, of the Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Global Wealth University, Lomé, Togo.
I, PRINCESS GOLD AFUBERA, hereby declare that this research was carried out by me under the appropriate guidance of my supervisor and that I have not submitted this same work to any college or journal for publication.
III DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the two people who have been my pillars of strength and inspiration throughout my life. To my mother, whose selfless love, unwavering support, and unrelenting belief in me have been the driving force behind my every achievement. Your guidance, wisdom, and encouragement have shaped me into the person I am today, and I am forever grateful. And to my mentor, Mr. Chidozie, whose impact on my life extends far beyond the confines of this project. Your wisdom, advice, and guidance have not only shaped my thoughts and ideas but have also instilled in me the confidence and courage to pursue my dreams. This project is a testament to the incredible impact you both have had on my life, and I hope it makes you proud.
IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I want to express my deepest gratitude to those who have supported me throughout this project. First and foremost,I am indebted to my supervisor, Dr. Oriko Sylvanus Ekonesie., whose tireless guidance, expertise, and encouragement have been a constant source of strength and inspiration. Their ability to balance constructive criticism with unwavering support has been a gift, and I am so grateful to have had the opportunity to learn from them. I also want to thank my mother, whose unwavering belief in me has been a beacon of hope and motivation. Her constant encouragement and support have meant the world to me, and I am so lucky to have her in my life. Lastly, I want to thank my mentor, Mr. Chidozie, whose wisdom, advice, and guidance have played a significant role in shaping my thoughts and ideas. His impact on my life extends far beyond this project, and I am forever grateful.
V ABSTRACT This study purposefully focused on Insurgency and socioeconomic development of Nigeria, focusing on the Fulani herdsmen Insurgency and its impact on national development has perceived by literate citizens A descriptive survey design was adopted which enabled the researchers to collect and analyze data from a sample of the entire population without any manipulations. The target population for this study was made up of Universities and College of Education Lecturers in Ogun State. A sample size of one hundred (100) Lecturers was used for the study, which was selected through purposive and random sampling techniques. The Instrument was validated and it was subjected to content reliability using test-reset method with Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The reliability coefficient obtained 0.87. Three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using t- test. Findings showed that there was a significant difference in the perception of University of College of Education lecturers on the causes, economics effects and impact of Fulani herdsmen and Farmers crisis on national development in Nigeria. It was recommended that Federal government should engage peace and conflict resolution experts in dealing with issues concerning Fulani herdsmen and Farmers crises and that ranching method of cattle rearing location across the country while the herdsmen should be given needed training for effective and efficient management of the ranching. Keywords: Critical Analysis, Fulani Herdsmen, Crisis, National Development,
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION. II
DECLARATION. III
DEDICATION. IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. V
ABSTRACT. VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII
LIST OF TABLES. X
LIST OF FIGURES. XI
ABBREVIATIONS. XII
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION. 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. 4
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY. 5
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION 5
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS. 5
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY. 6
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY. 6
1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS.
6
CHAPTER TWO. 7
LITERATURE REVIEW. 7
2.1 INTRODUCTION. 7 VII 2.1.1 HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF HERDSMEN. 7
2.2 CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATIONS. 8
2.2.1 SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA. 8
2.2.2 PREVALENCE OF HERDSMEN-FARMERS CONFLICT IN NIGERIA. 10
2.2.3SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF HERDSMEN-FARMERS CONFLICTS
IN NIGERIA. 11
2.2.4 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT. 13
2.2.5 FACTORS INFLUENCING HERDSMEN-FARMERS CONFLICT IN NIGERIA. 14
2.2.6 ANTI-FULANI SENTIMENTS. 16
2.2.7 ETHNIC GROUPS. 17
2.2.8 THE IMPACT OF INSURGENCY ON HIGHER EDUCATION. 18
2.3 THEORETICAL ORIENTATION. 19
2.3.1 FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY. 19
2.3.2 CONFLICT THEORY. 20
2.3.3 LIST OF ATTACKS. 21
2.4 EMPIRICAL REVIEW. 22
2.4.1 PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA AND ITS
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS. 22
2.4.2 ANALYSIS OF STUDIES THAT FOCUS ON THE EDUCATION SECTOR’S
CHALLENGES DUE TO INSECURITY. 23
2.4.3 REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE ON THE FULANI INSURGENCY. 24
2.4.4 IMPACT OF INSURGENCY ON SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 25
2.5 SUMMARY AND GAPS IN THE LITERATURE. 26
CHAPTER THREE. 28
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 28
3.1 INTRODUCTION. 28
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN. 28
VIII 3.3 STUDY POPULATION. 28
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE. 28
3.5 SOURCE OF DATA. 29
3.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT. 29
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION. 29
3.8 INSTRUMENT. 29
CHAPTER FOUR. 30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 30
4.1 INTRODUCTION 30
4.2 DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION. 30
4.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS
30
4.4 TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS.
33
4.5 DISCUSSION OF FINDING.
35
CHAPTER FIVE. 37
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
37
5.1 SUMMARY. 37
5.2 CONCLUSIONS. 37
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS. 37
REFERENCES. 39
APPENDIXE
IX LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: HERDSMEN-FARMERS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA BETWEEN JANUARY 2016 AND MAY 2017. 10
TABLE 4.3(1) AGE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS.
30
TABLE 4.3(2) GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS.
31
TABLE 4.3(3) MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENTS.
32
TABLE 4.3(4) EDUCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS.
33
TABLE 4.3.2: T-TEST ANALYSES OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE
OF EDUCATION LECTURERS PERCEPTION OF THE CAUSES OF FULANI HERDSMEN AND FARMERS CRISIS. 34
TABLE 4.3.3: T-TEST ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE
OF EDUCATION LECTURERS' PERCEPTION ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF FULANI HERDSMEN AND FARMERS CRISIS. 34
TABLE 4.3.4: T-TEST ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE
OF EDUCATION LECTURERS' PERCEPTION OF THE IMPACT OF FULANI HERDSMEN CRISIS ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. 35
X LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 4.1: AGE ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS 31 FIGURE 4.2: GENDER ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS 31 FIGURE 4.3: MARITAL STATUS ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDENTS. . 32 FIGURE 4.4: EDUCATION ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS 33
XI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS S/No ABBREVIATIONS MEANING 1 GDP Gross Domestic Product 3 MACBAN Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria 13 RUGA Rural Grazing Area 15 IPCRUNDP Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution in conjunction with United Nations Development Programme 16 MAFO Movement Against Fulani Occupation 17 CONAECDA Conference of Autochthonous Ethnic Nationalities Communities Development Associations 28 FHCIND Fulani Herdsmen Crisis and its Impact on National Development 28 PPMC Pearson Product Moment Correlation
