A 5 - B 1

SOLID MECHANICS
AE23331
ASSIGNMENT – V
BATCH - 1
1.Write any ten two marks from unit V.
1. Define biaxial stress.
Answer: Biaxial stress occurs when two perpendicular stresses act in the same plane, as
in the walls of a pressure vessel.
2. What are principal stresses?

Answer: Principal stresses are the maximum and minimum normal stresses at orientations
where shear stress is zero.
3. State the formula for principal stresses in 2D.

Answer: .
4. What is assumed for thin-walled pressure vessel analysis?

Answer: It’s assumed the wall is thin, stresses are uniform, and radial stress is negligible.
5. Give the hoop and longitudinal stress formulas for a cylindrical vessel.
Answer: Hoop stress, Longitudinal stress :
6. How does thickness affect stress in thin-walled vessels?

Answer: Increased thickness reduces stress, but only if thickness is still relatively thin
compared to the radius.
7. What is combined loading?
Answer: Combined loading is when a shaft experiences bending, torsion, and axial loads
simultaneously.
8. List types of stresses in a circular shaft under combined loading.

Answer: Stresses include bending, torsional, and axial stresses.
9. What causes torsional stress in a shaft?

Answer: Torsional stress arises from twisting moments or torques applied to the shaft.
10. Why determine principal stresses in combined loading?

Answer: It helps assess maximum stress levels and avoid material failure.
2.A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of 100 MPa and a compressive
stress of 50 MPa on the plane at right angles to the former. Each of the above stresses is
accompanied by a shear stress of 60 MPa and that associated with former tensile stress tends to
rotate the block anticlockwise. Find the principal stresses and principal planes and the maximum
shear stress
Tensile stress (σx) = 100 MPa =100 N/mm^2

Compressive stress (σy) = −50 MPa = -50 N/mm^2
Shear stress (τxy) = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm^2
By substituting the value, we get

σ1,2=25± 96.1
σ1=25+96.1=121.05 N/mm^2
σ2=25−96.1=−71.05 N/mm^2
Maximum shear stress:
3. Direct stresses of 120 N/mm2 tensile and 90 N/mm2 compression exist on two perpendicular
planes at a certain point in a body. They are also accompanied by shear stress on the planes. The
greatest principal stress at the point due to these is 150 N/mm2. (a) What must be the magnitude
of the shearing stresses on the two planes? (b) What will be the maximum shearing stress at the
point.
4.A 2.5m diameter cylinder shell is made up of 1cm thick plates. If the efficiencies of the
circumferential and longitudinal joints are 50%and 80% respectively and the allowable tensile
stress is 100MN/m2, find the maximum safe internal pressure.
Diameter of the shell, d=2.5 m=2500 mm
Thickness of the plate, t=1 cm=10 mm
Efficiency of circumferential joint, ηc=50%=0.5
Efficiency of longitudinal joint, ηl=80%=0.8
Allowable tensile stress, σallow=100 MN/m2=100 N/mm^2
The maximum safe internal pressure is 0.4 N/mm^2
5. Find two-part b questions (one on thin cylinders and one in combined bending torsion) and
solve it. (Note this problem must not be solved in the regular classes)
5.1)A boiler shell is to be made of 15 mm thick plate having a limiting tensile stress of
120N/mm2. If the efficiencies of the longitudinal and circumferential joints are 70% and 30%
respectively determine :
(i) The maximum permissible diameter of the shell for an internal pressure of 2 N/mm2,
(ii) Permissible intensity of internal pressure when the shell diameter is 1.5 m.
Solution:
Thickness of boiler shell, t = 15 mm
Limiting tensile stress = 120 N/mm^2
Efficiency of longitudinal joint, ηl = 70% = 0.70
Efficiency of circumferential joint, ηc = 30% = 0.30
5.2) A solid circular shaft with a diameter of 80 mm¸is subjected to a bending
moment of 3×10^3 and a torque of 4×10^3N . Calculate:
1. The bending stress σb at the outer surface of the shaft.
2. The torsional shear stress τ at the outer surface of the shaft.
3. The principal stresses σ1 and σ2 at the outer surface of the shaft.
4. The maximum shear stress τmax at the outer surface of the shaft.

A 5 - B 1

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A 5 - B 1

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SOLID MECHANICS

2. What are principal stresses?

3. State the formula for principal stresses in 2D.

4. What is assumed for thin-walled pressure vessel analysis?

6. How does thickness affect stress in thin-walled vessels?

8. List types of stresses in a circular shaft under combined loading.

9. What causes torsional stress in a shaft?

10. Why determine principal stresses in combined loading?

Tensile stress (σx) = 100 MPa =100 N/mm^2

By substituting the value, we get

Maximum shear stress:

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