ZERAKI ACHIEVERS’ EXAMINATIONS (2022)

Term 3 - 2022
PHYSICS (232)
FORM TWO (2)
Time: 𝟐 𝑯𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION QUESTION MAX MARKS CANDIDATE’S

SCORE
A 1 – 11 25
B 12 12
13 14
14 09
15 10
16 10
TOTAL 80

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

1. A meter rule is suspended by a thread such that it is in equilibrium balanced by a

permanent magnet attached to the meter rule and some weight as shown in figure 1
below.

Figure 1

If the soft iron is fixed to the bench, state and explain the effect on the meter rule when
the switch is closed. (2mks)
-The meter rule tips in the anticlockwise direction/ towards the end of the magnet/ to the
left/ away from the weight.√

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 -The electromagnet acquires a south pole on the end near the north pole of the magnet
hence it attracts the magnet.√
2. A part from images being formed behind the mirror, state any other two similarities of
images formed by a plane mirror and a convex mirror. (2mks)
-Upright, virtual.
3. The frequency of the sound emitted by the loud speaker is 1020Hz. Calculate the
wavelength of the sound wave in air where its velocity is 340m/s (3mks)
𝑣 340
𝜆 = √= √= 0.3333𝑚√
𝑓 1020

4. A gun is fired and an echo heard at the same place 0.6s later. How far is the barrier,
which reflected the sound from the gun? (Speed of sound in air=330ms-1 (3mks)
2d
v= ,√
t
2d
330 = 0.6√
330×0.6
d= = 99m√
2
5. Explain how the wing below increases the dynamic lift of an airplane. (3mks)

Figure 2

The area on top of the wing is greater than the area under the wing. √
The fluid moving above it moves with a higher speed than the one moving below.√
The pressure above the aero foil is therefore lower than the pressure below it. The pressure
difference between the top and bottom gives increase to the dynamic lift of the aero foil. √
ALSO
- Air above the wing moves faster √compared to bottom of the wing. The region above the
wing will have less pressure√ than below, pressure difference enhances upward lift.√

6. Figure 3 shows a mass of 12g suspended on a set of 6 identical springs. When the mass
was hanged on spring A, it extended by 6cm.
Fig. 7

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Figure 3

Determine the extension of the combination shown if each spring and rod has negligible
weight (2 marks)
F 0.12N
K=e= = 2 N⁄m√
0.06
0.12 0.12 0.12
set 1, extension = = 0.02m, set 2 = = 0.03m, set 3 = 0.06m
6 4 2
Total extension = 0.02 + 0.03 + 0.06 = 0.11m√

7. A uniform bar one meter long is balanced at the 30 cm mark when a load of 3.2 N is hung
at the zero mark as shown in the figure 4.

Figure 4

Show the position through which the weight of the bar acts and calculate the weight of
the bar (3marks)

√
Taking moments about the pivot,
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
3.2 × 0.3 = 𝑊 × 0.2 √

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 3.2×0.3
𝑊 = 0.2
= 4.8 𝑁√

8. The figure 5 shows a micrometer screw gauge used to measure the diameter of a rod in
millimeters. Name the parts labelled P, Q, R. ( 3 marks)

Figure 5

P – Anvil √ Q – Sleeve scale√ R – Thimble scale√

9. The figure 6 below shows a Bunsen burner in three different positions.

Figure 6

Identify the states of equilibrium in (i) and (ii). (2 marks)

(i) Stable equilibrium:√ (ii) Unstable equilibrium√

10. State Fleming’s left hand rule. ( 1 mark)

If the left hand is held with the thumb, the first finger and the second fingers mutually at right
angles such that the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the second
figure in the direction of current then the thumb points in the direction of motion/force.√
11. State how the speed of sound in air is affected by increase in humidity ( 1 mark)
The velocity of sound on air increases with humidity √
SECTION B(55MARKS)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
12. a) State one reason why diffusion in gases is faster than diffusion in liquids. (1mk)
- Molecular distance in gases is greater than liquids.√
b) In an experiment to estimate the diameter of an oil molecule, an oil drop of radius
2.5 x 10-4m spreads over a circular patch whose diameter is 20cm.Determine:
i. The volume of the oil drop (3mks)

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 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒√
4 22
× × (2.5 × 10−4 )3√
3 7
6.5476 × 10−11 𝑚3√

ii. The area of the patch covered by the oil. (3mks)

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒√

𝜋𝑟 2 = 3.142 × 102 √= 314.2𝑐𝑚2

iii. The thickness of the oil molecule. (3mks)

314.2ℎ = 6.5476 × 10−11 √

6.5476×10−11
ℎ= √= 2.03 × 10−9 𝑚√
314.2

iv. State one assumption made in (b) (iii) above. (1mk)

-Volume of sphere = volume of cylinder√
Accept. Volume of drop is perfect sphere√ and area of patch is perfect circle√

13. The figure 7 below shows a wave profile.

Figure 7

i) Explain what is meant by amplitude in this context. (1mk)

Amplitude, A - it is the maximum displacement of a particle from mean position.√
ii) From the figure determine
I) The period (1mk)
0.20seconds.√

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 II) The frequency (2 mk)
1 1
𝑓 = 𝑇 = √0.20=5Hz√

iii) Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave in the figure. Take the velocity of sound in the
gas to be 340m/s (3mks)
𝑣 340
𝜆= √= √= 68𝑚√
𝑓 5
iv) State two factors that can increase the speed of sound in solids (2mks)
Temperature of the air - sound travels faster in hot air than in cold air. √
Humidity of the air - the velocity of sound on air increases with humidity √
Direction of wind -wind blowing in the same direction as sound increases the velocity of the
latter√
v) A student stands some distance from a high wall and claps his hands
I. What two measurements would need to be made in order to determine the speed of sound?
(2mks)

-Time taken for n, number of claps. (The claps should coincide with the echo)√

-The distance between the students and the high wall√

Describe how you would make use of these measurements

(3mks)

If the distance between the observer and the wall is d meters, √

the number of clap intervals n and the time t seconds,√
𝑡
the sound travels 2d meters in 𝑛 seconds.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 2𝑑
Hence 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 𝑡 √
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
𝑛

14. The fig below shows the magnetization method

(i) State the method of magnetization shown above (1 mark)

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 Induction √
(ii) State the polarity of point A in the pin attached to the magnet (1 mark)
North√
(iii) The figure 8 below shows an electromagnetic relay.

Figure 8

Explain what happens when the switch is closed. (2mks)

The circuit is completed, a small current flows through the solenoid which acts as an
electromagnet and in turn attracts the soft iron armature. √This closes the contact in the
second circuit by pushing the spring metal strip and the bell rings.√

iii) A bar magnet can be used as compass. Describe how you would achieve this.
(3 marks)
Suspend a bar magnet with a cotton thread from a wooden stand, so that the magnet
swings freely in the horizontal plane. Give it time and observe the direction in which
it comes to rest.√
The suspended magnet always comes to rest with one end pointing roughly to the
north direction and the other to the southern direction of the earth√
The pole which points towards the north is the North Pole; the other one is the South
Pole. A magnet can therefore be used as a compass.√
iv) The figure 9 below shows a straight conductor AB carrying current in a magnetic
field.

Figure 9

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 State any two ways in which the force can be:
• increased (1 mark)
By increasing the amount of current and by using a stronger magnetic field.√
• made to change direction (1 mark)
By changing the direction of flow of current and by changing the direction of
the magnetic field√

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15 a) Define the following terms as applied to curved mirrors:
(I) Pole (1 mark)
Geometrical centre of a reflecting surface.√
(II) Centre of curvature ( 1 mark)
The centre of the sphere of which the mirror is part.√
(III) Principal focus of a convex mirror ( 1 mark)

The principal focus of a convex mirror is the point where incident rays
parallel and close to the principal axis appear to diverge from after reflection
on the surface of the mirror.√
b) By ray diagram construction, locate and describe the image fully when the object is
between P and F of a concave mirror (3 marks)

c) The figure 10 shows air flowing through a pipe of non-uniform cross sectional area. Two
tubes A and B are dipped into the liquid as shown.

Figure 10

(I) Indicate the level of the liquid in tubes A and B (1mark)

(II) Explain your answer in part (a) above (1mark)

The pressure in pipe B is lower than that of A, hence water rises more in B than A .√

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 d. Figure 11 below shows two pieces of cork fixed on a polished and a dull surface with
wax.

Figure 11

State and explain the observation made, when the heater is switched on for a short time
given that the heater is equidistant from the two surfaces. (2marks)

After some time, the cork on the dull surface falls as the wax melts, while that on the shiny
surface remains much longer.√ This shows that dull surfaces are better absorbers of
radiant heat.√

16 a) State Bernoulli’s principle. ( 1 mark)

For a fluid exhibiting streamline flow, increase in velocity causes a corresponding
decrease in pressure and decrease in velocity causes increase in pressure.√

b) The On the space below, sketch a graph to show how the mass per unit volume of water
varies between 0°𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10°𝐶 (2marks)

√
√

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 c) Air pressure at the base of a mountain is 70cmHg while at the top of the mountain is
50cmHg. Given that the average density of air is 130kg/m3 and the density of mercury
is 13600kg/m3. Determine the height of the mountain. ( 3 marks)

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝐻𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 × 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 𝑔 = 𝐻𝐻𝑔 × 𝜌𝐻𝑔 × 𝑔√
0.2𝑚×13600×10
𝐻𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = √= 20.92𝑚√
130×10

d) The diagram below shows a Bunsen burner.

Figure 12

Explain the working of the burner as an application to Bernoulli’s principle. (2 marks)

The fast moving gas coming from a narrow jet (A) creates a region of low pressure inside the
burner.√ External pressure, being greater, pushes in air, which mixes with the gas ready for
combustion.√
e) Identify 2 modifications that are introduced to the buses to ensure stability? (2 marks)
- The upper part/body/chassis is made of lighter material while the lower part is made of
heavier material to lower its C.O.G to increase its stability.√
- The luggage carriage is placed near the floor of the bus as opposed to the roof carriage√
- Wider tyres to increase base area√

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