Tutorial 2 - Stoichiometry MS

Mass Spectrometry and Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
1. What is the law of definite proportions and how do balanced chemical equations agree with it?
2. What is the difference between 2O and O2 in a chemical formula?
3. Balance each chemical equation

a. SO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO3 (aq.)
b. CH3NH2 (g) + O2 → H2O (g) + CO2 (g) + N2(g)
c. (CH3)3Al (s) + H2O (l) → CH4 (g) + Al(OH) 3 (s)
d. Ca5(PO4)3F (s) + H2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l) → H3PO4 (aq) + CaSO4•2H2O (s) + HF (aq)
4. Write the balanced equation

a. The decomposition of potassium chlorate in KCl and oxygen
b. The reaction of calcium carbide with water to form calcium hydroxide and acetylene
gas.
c. The production of aluminium acetate and a second compound from the reaction of
aluminium chloride and acetic acid.
d. The reaction between aluminium and hydrochloric acid.
5. For each reaction say whether the given starting amounts are in stoichiometric ratio. If not,
give the limiting reagent. In all cases give the theoretical maximum yield in gram.
a. Ca + Br2 → CaBr2
i. 8.75 moles of Ca and 6.25 moles of Br2
ii. 35 g of Ca and 135 g of Br2
iii. 2.00 g of Ca and 9.00 g of Br2
b. 6H+(aq) + 2MnO4−(aq) + 5H2O2(l) → 2Mn2+(aq) + 5O2(g) + 8H2O(l)
i. 75 moles of H2O2, 90 moles of H+ and 30 moles of MnO4−
ii. 30 g of each
6. How many molecules of Fe2(SO4)3 are produced if 543 atoms of S are reacted?
Fe2O3(s) + 3SO3(g) → Fe2(SO4)3
7. KO2 is used in a closed-system breathing apparatus by removing carbon dioxide and water
from the exhaled air. This is done in two different reactions. KO2 reacts with water to give
KOH, which can react with the carbon dioxide to form potassium bicarbonate.
a. Give the two reactions mentioned
b. How much water and carbon dioxide can be removed by 245 g of KO2?
8. Heating WCl6 with Al at around 400°C gives black crystals of a compound which only contains
tungsten and chlorine. Reducing this compound with hydrogen, gives 0.4464 g of elemental
tungsten and HCl. The HCl is absorbed in water. 92.4 mL of 0.1051 M NaOH are required
during the titration to reach the end point. What is the empirical formula of the black crystals?
9. A component in mothballs is naphthalene. Naphthalene only contains carbon and hydrogen

and has a molecular mass of 128 amu. A 6.000 mg sample of naphthalene is burned and
produces 20.6 mg of CO2.
a. What is the empirical formula of naphthalene?
b. What is the molecular formula of naphthalene?
10. A 0.0125 g sample of a compound burns when exposed to air. After analysis it is found that
0.0315 g of B2O3 is produced. You also now that the compound is only composed of boron and
hydrogen and has an atomic mass of about 28 amu. What is the molecular formula?
11. Silicon carbide, SiC, is a very hard material that is used on sandpaper. It can be produced by
the reaction of SiO2 with carbon at high temperatures. Besides SiC, CO is produced.
a. Write the balanced equation for this reaction
b. How much SiO2 is needed to produce 5.00 kg of SiC?
Mass Spectrometry
12. Which one of the following fragments can be detected by a mass spectrometer?
13. A compound of mass “M” contains two additional peaks at m/z M+2 and M+4 (see below).
What atom can you safely assume is present in that compound?
14. What would you expect the ratio of the peaks around M to be for a compound containing two
chloride atoms?
15. From the figure below, what element you can safely assume is present? Why?
16.
17. Draw the heterolytic cleavage of methanol from the information given by the mass spectrum.
18. Below you find the mass spectrum of butane.

a. Why does the MS contain a M-1 peak with respect to the molecular ion peak?
b. Can you predict the amplitude of the M+1 peak with respect to the molecular peak?
Challenges
19. Below is the Mass spectrum of a peptide. Why there are several peaks?
20. What is the mass of the following protein? What technique has been used to obtain this
spectrum?
21. In the spectrum below the red arrows indicate the y-ions.
a. Give the sequence of this peptide
b. What do the blue arrows indicate?
Papayannopoulos, Ioannis A. (January 1995). "The interpretation of collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectra of
peptides". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 14 (1): 49–73. Bibcode:1995MSRv...14...49P. doi:10.1002/mas.1280140104.

Tutorial 2 - Stoichiometry MS

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Tutorial 2 - Stoichiometry MS

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Mass Spectrometry and Stoichiometry

2. What is the difference between 2O and O2 in a chemical formula?

3. Balance each chemical equation

4. Write the balanced equation

9. A component in mothballs is naphthalene. Naphthalene only contains carbon and hydrogen

18. Below you find the mass spectrum of butane.

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