1

ENGLISH LEARNING MODULES

TEUKU AZHARI, S.Pd.I., M.Ed
(Mr. Ayi)
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TABLE OF CONTENTSs

CHAPTER I BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE..............................................................................3

CHAPTER 1I INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR....................................................11
CHAPTER III PHRASES IN A SENTENCE..................................................................................21
CHAPTER IV SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH BE 1.........................................25
CHAPTER V SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH BE 2..........................................32
CHAPTER VI SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH VERB 1...................................37
CHAPTER VII SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH VERB 2.................................43
CHAPTER VIII MIDTERM..............................................................................................................50
CHAPTER IX STORY TELLING....................................................................................................51
CHAPTER X DESCRIBING A PICTURE......................................................................................56
WEEK XI MUSIC TALK...................................................................................................................62
CHAPTER XII READING COMPREHENSION I.........................................................................66
CHAPTER XIII READING COMPREHENSION II......................................................................72
CHAPTER XIV READING COMPREHENSION III.....................................................................79
CHAPTER XV SPEAKING PRACTICE.........................................................................................93
CHAPTER XVI FINAL TEST..........................................................................................................94
APPENDIXES......................................................................................................................................96
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CHAPTER I
BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE

SENTENCE FORMATION

The basic sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object + Complement. It is equivalent to

SPOK in the Indonesian Language.

Subject Verb Object Complement usually comes in order with complement being flexible.
Subject and Verb
Object and Complement

Subject + verb + object (with no complement)

Subject + verb + complement (with no object)
Complement, subject + verb (with or with no object)

It is advisable always to try putting the subject at the beginning of the sentence and followed
by the verb afterward.

SUBJECT

Subject is a word or group of words (noun phrase) that performs the action (verb) in a
sentence. It typically comes at the beginning of the sentence.

Subject can be 1 word or more.

o 1 word: Love
o 2 words: Climate change
o 3 words: The Mona Lisa
o 4 words: Night sky photography

Here are some tips on how to formulate a two-word subject (or more):

a) Combine a noun with a descriptive adjective: This is the most common way to create a
two-word subject.
o Silent movie o Modern art
o Tropical island o Running wate

b) Combine a noun with a prepositional phrase: This can add more detail and context to your
subject.
o Life on Mars o King of England
o Trip to the beach o Fear of heights
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c) Combine a noun with a verb in the present participle form (ending in -ing): This creates a
subject that emphasizes an ongoing action or state (gerund).
o Falling leaves o Roaring crowd
o Flowing river o Dazzling lights

ADJECTIVE

An adjective is a word that adds detail or description to a noun or pronoun. In simpler terms,
it's a word that tells you more about something.

Here are some key points about adjectives:

 Function: They modify nouns and pronouns by providing descriptions.
 Position:
Adjective comes in two positions:
o Before the noun they modify (e.g., the red car)
o After a linking verb (e.g., The house is big).

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE

A descriptive adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by providing details about
its qualities, characteristics, or attributes

We will study descriptive adjective to form a longer form of subject, also called as
descriptive adjective as subject. To combine a noun with a descriptive adjective is the most
common way to create a two-word subject.
o Silent movie o Modern art
o Tropical island o Running water

Adjective may come solo or stacked together to provide a more comprehensive information
to the noun or pronoun. In doing that, adjectives have rules called order of adjectives.

ORDER OF ADJECTIVE

Adjective may come in bundles. OSASCOMP (Opinion; Size; Age; Shape; Colour; Origin;
Material; Purpose) is a mnemonic device that help students remember the typical order. Read
the explanation and examples.

1. Opinion: Adjectives that express an opinion or subjective judgment about the noun
typically come first. These adjectives describe what someone thinks or feels about the
noun. For example:
- a beautiful sunset
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- an interesting book
2. Size: Adjectives indicating the size of the noun follow those expressing opinions. Size
can refer to physical dimensions, quantity, or scale. For example:
- a tiny kitten
- a large house

3. Age: Adjectives that denote the age or age-related characteristics of the noun come after
size. These adjectives describe how old or new something is. For example:
- a new laptop
- a two-year-old child

4. Shape: Adjectives describing the shape or general structure of the noun follow age-
related adjectives. They convey information about the physical form of the noun. For
example:
- a round table
- an oval mirror

5. Colour: Adjectives specifying the colour of the noun come next in the order. These
adjectives tell us the colour or colour pattern of the noun. For example:
- a red rose
- a black and white photograph

6. Origin: Adjectives indicating the origin or source of the noun follow colour adjectives.
These adjectives convey information about where the noun comes from or its cultural or
geographical background. For example:
- an Italian restaurant
- a European vacation

7. Material: Adjectives describing the material or composition of the noun come next.
These adjectives tell us what the noun is made of. For example:
- a wooden chair
- a silver necklaces

8. Purpose: Finally, adjectives that specify the purpose or function of the noun appear at
the end of the sequence. These adjectives indicate the intended use of the noun. For
example:
- a writing desk
- a sleeping bag

Activity 1
1) Write the meanings of the adjectives below
2) Determine the type of adjective OSASCOMP (Opinion; Size; Age; Shape; Colour;
Origin; Material; Purpose)
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3) Write a possible noun the adjective describes

N Adjective Meaning Type Noun

o
1 Happy
2 Angry
3 Sad
4 Beautiful
5 Brave
6 Coward
7 Big
8 Small
9 Tall
10 Long
11 Short
12 Fast
13 Slow
14 Old
15 Young
16 Smart
17 Stupid
18 Kind
19 Honest
20 Friendly

Activity 2
1) Underline the adjective found in each of the sentence and determine their types
2) Circle the noun they describe
3) Translate the sentence into Indonesian language

1) She found a beautiful, small fish on the beach.

2) The old, round, wooden table is located at the corner.
3) He drives an expensive, black, Italian sports car.
4) The handsome, tall, young man entered the room.
5) We enjoyed a delicious, homemade, chocolate cake at the party.

Activity 3
1) Select one type of adjective below and memorize them
2) Pair up with a friend and ask them to say the type and adjectives they have selected.
Follow this format:
A : What type of adjective you have selected and memorized?
B : I have selected and memorized ……..
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A : Can tell me the 5 adjective that fall under that criteria?

B : Sure. They are …….

Opinion Age:
1. Beautiful sunset 1. Ancient ruins
2. Disgusting smell 2. Brand new car
3. Thrilling roller coaster ride 3. Vintage clothing store
4. Comfy pajamas 4. Modern skyscraper
5. Exquisite jewelry 5. Timeworn leather jacket

Size: Shape:
1. Gigantic water park 1. Square table
2. Tiny house 2. Circular mirror
3. Spacious living room 3. Triangular slice of pizza
4. Narrow hallway 4. Elongated limousine
5. Tall man 5. Cylindrical water bott

Activity 4
1) Select appropriate noun from the list below to complete the sentence
2) Translate the adjective into Indonesian language

1. The tiny, colourful ………… fly around the vibrant flowers.

2. I enjoyed reading the intriguing, new ………. on a comfortable couch.
3. She wore an expensive, white ………. with a delicate gold necklace.
4. We eat a delicious, spicy …………... at the canteen.
5. The magnificent, ancient …………. stood strong amid inclement weather.

Temple bird noodle novel dress

PREPOSITION & PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

Preposition can also help expand the subject, or object. This makes the subject longer and
clearer as it provides more information to it. To combine a noun with a prepositional phrase is
also common and can add more detail and context to your subject.
o Life on Mars o King of England
o Trip to the beach o Fear of heights

Preposition
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase
(object of the preposition) and another word in the sentence. This relationship can indicate:
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 Location: on, under, above, behind, in front of, etc.

 Time: before, after, during, since, until, etc.
 Direction: to, from, towards, through, across, etc.
 Manner: by, with, in, according to, etc.
 Reason: because of, due to, for, in spite of, etc.

Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a preposition.
Here are some examples of prepositional phrases:
 In the morning
 On the table
 With a smile
 To clean the house
 Because of the weather

Here are some examples of prepositions used in sentences:

 The house on the hill is haunted. (on the hill modifies "house")
 The movie with the time-traveling cyborg is surprisingly funny. (with the time-
traveling cyborg modifies "movie")
 The news about the missing hikers worried everyone. (about the missing hikers
modifies "news")

Prepositional Phrases by Type

Activity 5
1) Look at the list prepositional phrases below
2) Read the examples and underline the phrase
3) Circle the noun or verb the phrase modifies

Location
1. The cat curled up on the soft rug.
2. My keys are always lost under the couch cushions.
3. The airplane soared above the fluffy clouds.
4. We parked the car behind the red van.
5. The ice cream stand is located in front of the library.

Time
1. We woke up before sunrise to catch the flight.
2. I'll meet you for lunch after my meeting.
3. During the movie, I spilled popcorn all over myself.
4. Since last week, I've been feeling under the weather.
5. Please wait until the light turns green.
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Direction
1. We walked to the park for a picnic.
2. The mail carrier arrived from down the street.
3. The compass pointed towards north.
4. The train journey took us through the scenic countryside.
5. The bridge stretched across the wide river.
Manner
1. She solved the problem by thinking outside the box.
2. We decorated the cake with colorful sprinkles.
3. He spoke in a soft voice.
4. According to the instructions, we need to bake the cake for 30 minutes.
5. The gymnast performed the routine with grace and agility.

Reason
1. Because of the rain, the outdoor concert was cancelled.
2. We were late due to heavy traffic.
3. I studied hard for the exam.
4. In spite of the challenges, we managed to finish the project on time.
5. She volunteered at the animal shelter for her love of animals.

Activity 6
1) Read the sentences below with your best pronunciation
2) Explain the phrase in your Indonesian language
Example:
The cookies on the highest shelf are always the best.
Kue yang terletak di rak paling atas
The painting with the vibrant colours caught my eye.
Lukisan yang memiliki warna yang hidup
The news about the upcoming election has everyone buzzing.
Berita yang bercerita tentang pemilu yang akan dating

1. Anyone with a valid ID can enter the competition.

2. The decision made under pressure may not be the best.
3. The guests arriving late missed the opening ceremony.
4. The house hidden behind the thick trees was a charming cottage.
5. The man walking his dog seemed lost.
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Activity 9
1) Read the passage below with your best pronunciation
2) Underline noun/adjective phrase and mark np, and underline prepositional phrase and
mark with pp
3) Rewrite the np and pp
a. …
b. …
c. …
d. …
e. …

Sun appears behind the mountain near my house. The bright huge sun shines through the big

trees. A happy little ladybug with red dots crawls on a yellow flower. Far away, a small blue

bird sits high on a soft branch. Fresh fragrant from flowers in the garden make the air smell

good. Everyone liked the new day!

Grading systems
Types Detail Medium (how) Scores
Quiz 15
Midterm test 20
Final Assignment Written 60
Recording
Oral presentation
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CHAPTER 1I
INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR

PART OF SPEECH

Parts of speech are the categories into which words are classified based on their grammatical
properties and functions in sentences. There are eight parts of speech in English:

1. Nouns: Words that name people, places, things, or ideas.

Example: book, table, teacher, love, city, dog, happiness, music, computer, phone.
2. Verbs: Words that express action or state of being.
Example: run, study, eat, sleep, play, sing, dance, exist, think, feel.
3. Adjectives: Words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns.
Example: red, big, happy, delicious, beautiful, old, interesting, tall, intelligent,
friendly.
4. Adverbs: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Example: quickly, well, very, slowly, beautifully, loudly, clearly, easily, always, never.
5. Pronouns: Words that replace or refer to nouns.
Example: he, she, it, they, we, you, him, her, them, us.
6. Prepositions: Words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other
words in a sentence.
Example: in, on, at, under, over, with, without, from, to, between.
7. Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Example: and, but, or, so, yet, because, although, while, if, when.
8. Interjections: Words or phrases used to express strong emotions.
Example: oh, wow, ouch, bravo, hurray, shh, yikes, ah, hey, gosh.

1. Determine the appropriate type of speech for the following words

1. Decide if the following words are either,

a) verb, b) adjective, or c) noun
Laugh, Green, Run, Happy, House

2. Decide if the following words are either,

a) verb, b) adjective, c) noun, or d) adverb
Quickly, Bicycle, Delicious, Shout, Intelligent

3. Decide if the following words are either,

a) verb, b) adjective, or c) noun
Soft, Listen, Sweet, Tall, Sing

4. Decide if the following words are either,

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a) verb, b) adjective, c) noun, or d) adverb

Happy, Slowly, Lion, Sleep, Cold

5. Decide if the following words are either,

a) verb, b) adjective, or c) noun
Swim, Beautiful, Kind, Red, Teacher

A. Several parts of speech can function as the subject of a sentence:

1) Nouns: These can be proper nouns (specific) or common nouns (general).

Example: Alice, Budi, father, book, table, chair.
2) Pronouns: These replace nouns in a sentence.
Example: She, you, they, I.
3) Gerunds: These are verbs that end in "-ing" and function as nouns.
Example: Swimming, studying, playing.
4) A phrase is a group of words that functions as a unit within a sentence but does not
contain both a subject and a verb (predicate) to make it a complete sentence.

There are several types of phrases:

a. Noun Phrase: A group of words centered around a noun that functions as a
subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
Example: The big black cat, expensive, super car.
b. Adjective Phrase: A group of words centered around an adjective that modifies a
noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Example: Extremely talented, surprisingly affordable, very tall.
c. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends
with its object, which can be a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause.
Example: On the table, by the mosque.
d. Gerund Phrase: A group of words centered around a gerund (a verb form ending
in "-ing") that functions as a noun in a sentence.
Example: Swimming in the ocean, watching Korean movie.

In general, any word or group of words that can perform the function of a noun in a sentence
can serve as the subject.

Noun consists of 1 word or more. They all can serve as the subject of a sentence or it’s object

1 word : Book, table

2 words : big book, wooden table
3 words : interesting, big book; classic wooden table
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Nouns are categorized by number of either singular (1) or plural (>1).

To distinguish them, pay attention to +s at the end of the nouns (books, tables), or determiner
or quantifiers such as some, several, all, many, plural numbers, etc.

Basic sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object + Complement. Its equivalent to SPOK in
Indonesian Language.

Subject Verb Object Complement usually comes in order with complement being flexible.
Subject and Verb
Object and Complement

Subject + verb + object (with no complement)

Subject + verb + complement (with no object)
Complement, subject + verb (with or with no object)

Thus, always try putting subject at the beginning of the sentence, and followed by verb
afterwards.

Determine if the sentences below follow the SVOC rules:

1) Ke pasar tadi ibu pergi sama ayah.
2) Ndak datang teman saya tadi malam ke rumah.
3) Udah makan kami tadi di rumah.

Activity 1
1) Write types of part of speech on the words in the table (noun, pronoun, gerund, and
phrase)
2) Write their number (singular, plural, or both) in the table below

Word(s) Part of Speech Number

Some cats
They
Book
Very tall
Listening
Listen
Novels
It
Friendship
Attending
Happiness
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On the table
In the classroom
To attend
Walks

Activity 2
1) Write type of phrase (noun phrase, adjective phrase or prepositional phrase)
(np/ap/pp)
2) Write the main word (s) the phrase modifies.
3) Write their number (singular, plural, or both) in the table below (s/p/b)

Phrase Type of Phrase Main Word Number

Swimming in the lake

A cup of hot tea
A very important help
The old mango tree
Eating healthy food
The big house near the river
Remarkably beautiful house
Playing football with friends
Surprisingly delicious meals
Extremely fast cars
A group of excited children
Reading books before bed
My favourite books
Incredibly talented young girl
Writing a message on social
media

Activity 3
1. Underline the main word (s) the phrases below then determine their number (s/p)
2. Write their Indonesian translation

Noun Phrases: Adjective Phrases:

1. The old oak tree 1. Incredibly talented artists
2. Three fluffy kittens 2. Bright and sunny morning
3. A colourful bouquet 3. Three delicious chocolate cakes
4. My best friend 4. Deep blue ocean
5. The roaring waterfall 5. Remarkably beautiful sunset
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VERBS

B. Several parts of speech can function as verbs in a sentence:

1. Action Verbs: These verbs describe physical or mental actions.

Example: run, play, study.
2. Linking Verbs: These verbs connect the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or
adjective that renames or describes the subject.
Example: to be, seem, appear, become, look, sound, taste, and feel.
1. Verb of being: She is a doctor.
2. Appears: The house appears haunted.
3. Feels: The coffee feels hot.
4. Looks: He looks happy today.
5. Seems: The answer seems obvious.
6. Smells: The flowers smell wonderful.
7. Sounds: The music sounds beautiful.
8. Tastes: The cake tastes delicious.
9. Becomes: The caterpillar becomes a butterfly.
10. Remains: The house remains empty.

3. Helping Verbs (Auxiliary Verbs): These verbs are used alongside main verbs to convey
shades of meaning such as tense, mood, or voice.
Example: to be, have, has, had, do, does, did, been, and modal.
4. Modal Verbs: These verbs verbs express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability.
Example: May, can, could, should, have to, must, out to.
5. Phrasal Verbs: These consist of a main verb followed by one or more particles (such as
prepositions or adverb and function as a single semantic unit

1. Verb + Preposition 3. Verb + Preposition + Adverb

- Look after - Put up with
- Get up - Go through with
- Go out - Look forward to
- Come across - Run out of
- Look for - Catch up on

2. Verb + Adverb 4. Verb + Adverb + Preposition

- Back up - Come out of
- Break down - Get on with
- Run away - Go along with
- Set up
- Turn on
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Write the meaning of the verbs below

Verb + Preposition Meaning

1 Look after
2 Get up
3 Go out
4 Look for

Verb + Adverb
1 Back up
2 Break down
3 Run away
4 Turn on

Verb + Preposition + Adverb

1 Go through with
2 Look forward to

3 Run out of

4 Catch up on

Verb + Adverb + Preposition

1 Come out of
2 Go along with
3 Put off
4 Take up

SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT

In English, there is something called subject and verb agreement. Subject-verb agreement is a
grammatical concept that dictates that the verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular
or plural) with the subject of that sentence. In other words, if the subject is singular, the verb
must be singular, and if the subject is plural, the verb must be plural.

Here are rules of subject-verb agreement:

Noun (without S) = singular : Pen, Pencil, book (s)
Noun + s = plural : Pens, Pencils, books (p)

Verb + s = singular : Reads, Goes, Studies (s)

Verb (without S) = plural : Read, Go, Study (p)
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Singular subject with singular verb : The pen (s) is (s)

Plural subject with plural verb : Some pencils (p) are (p) broken
Examples

Type of Verb Singular Plural

Verb Be The cat is on the sofa Many students are in the class
Action Verb One student attends the class late Many cars pass this road

Activity 4
1) Complete the table by writing appropriate subject or verb
2) Match the singular subject with singular verbs and plural subject with plural verb

Subject Verb
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Budi’s pen Is
Father work
He/ She listen to music
My brother’s pencils is short
Father and mother read book
Some students studies English

Activity 5
1) Read the subject below and determine their number
2) Select appropriate verb for each of the sentence
3) Listen to your friend reading the phrase and translate into Indonesian Language

Phrase s/p verb

1) The busy city streets s/p is/are
2) Five colourful balloons s/p fly/flies
3) A cozy little café s/p packs/pack
4) My favourite childhood toy s/p break/breaks
5) The old wooden cabin s/p is/are
6) Incredibly talented musicians s/p sing/sings
7) Bright and sunny morning s/p brighten/brightens
8) Three delicious chocolate cakes s/p temps/temp
9) Deep blue ocean s/p scare/scares
10) Remarkably beautiful sunset s/p awe/awes

Activity 6
1) Read the subject below and determine their number
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2) Select appropriate verb for each of the sentence

3) Listen to your friend reading the phrase and translate into Indonesian Language
No Phrase Number Verb

1 Big fluffy clouds Fly/ flies

2 The bushes under the shady tree Dance/ dances
3 Sparkling clean car Pass/ passes
4 A happy little cat Purrs/ purr
5 His face, with a big smile, Beams/ beam
6 The sweet and juicy mango juice Freshen/ freshens
7 The tall green grass Sway/ sways
8 Budi, in a quiet corner, Sit/ sits
9 A delicious bowl of soup Tastes/ taste
10 The bright yellow sun Shine/ shines

Activity 7
1) Explain the following object/noun using adjective or prepositional phrase
2) You may any of the adjective or preposition appropriate for the word
3) Read the phrase to your peer and ask them to repeat after you and translate them

1) Book
2) House
3) Film
4) Song
5) Shirt

Activity 8
1) Translate the passage below into English language and practice reading the passage
with your best pronunciation
2) You may write vocabularies as word, but now in sentence format
3) Read the passage as instructed (by sentence or in full)

Pagi yang Ceria

Matahari pagi bersinar melalui jendela kamarku. Aku segera bangun dan pergi ke

kamar mandi untuk membersihkan diri. Setelah mandi, aku memakai seragam sekolahku.

Setiap hari, aku makan roti dan minum susu hangat bersama Ibu. Sarapan yang baik
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memberikan ku motivasi yang kuat. Aku belajar dengan giat agar menjadi siswa yang pintar.

Sore hari, aku bermain bola di taman bersama teman-teman, dan menikmati udara segar di

taman.

Begitulah rutinitas sehari-hariku sebagai seorang siswa. Aku mengisi hari-hari ku

dengan kegiatan positif dan menyenangkan.

Activity 9
4) Fill in the gap by selecting appropriate option
5) Read your answer out loud so that your peers can hear them too

1. The _______ children played happily in the park.

a) small and energetic (adjective phrase)
b) wearing colourful clothes (prepositional phrase)
c) with bright smiles (prepositional phrase)
d) group of (noun phrase)

2. She decorated her room with a _______ vase.

a) beautiful painted (adjective phrase)
b) full of flowers (prepositional phrase)
c) made of glass (prepositional phrase)
d) on the shelf (prepositional phrase)

3. We hiked for miles on a _______ trail.

a) sunny and warm day (adjective phrase)
b) leading through the forest (prepositional phrase)
c) with a backpack full of supplies (prepositional phrase)
d) challenging but rewarding (adjective phrase)

4. The _______ barked loudly at the mail carrier.

a) big brown dog (noun phrase)
b) with a wagging tail (prepositional phrase)
c) guarding the house (prepositional phrase)
d) feeling hungry (adjective phrase)

5. My favourite book is a story about a _______ adventure.

a) thrilling and exciting (adjective phrase)
b) set in a faraway land (prepositional phrase)
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c) with a brave hero (prepositional phrase)

d) filled with magic (adjective phrase)

6. We enjoyed a delicious meal _______.

a) at a fancy restaurant (prepositional phrase)
b) with our friends (prepositional phrase)
c) cooked by a skilled chef (adjective phrase)
d) served on beautiful plates (prepositional phrase)

7. The _______ movie made us laugh all night.

a) hilarious comedy (noun phrase)
b) with a silly plot (prepositional phrase)
c) filled with famous actors (adjective phrase)
d) set in a high school (prepositional phrase)

8. The children built a sandcastle _______ the beach.

a) on a sunny afternoon (prepositional phrase)
b) decorated with colourful shells (adjective phrase)
c) with a tall tower (prepositional phrase)
d) made of wet sand (adjective phrase)

9. We can see the stars clearly _______.

a) on a dark night (prepositional phrase)
b) twinkling in the sky (adjective phrase)
c) with a telescope (prepositional phrase)
d) far away from the city lights (adjective phrase)

10. The lost puppy whimpered _______ its owner.

a) searching for (adjective phrase)
b) with a wagging tail (prepositional phrase)
c) feeling scared (adjective phrase)
d) curled up in a corner (prepositional phrase)
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CHAPTER III
PHRASES IN A SENTENCE

EXPANDED SUBJECT THAT AGREES WITH IT’S VERB

In this chapter, we will learn how to make noun phrase and prepositional phrase in sentence

Activity 1
1) Read the subject below and determine their number
2) Select appropriate verb for each of the sentence
3) Listen to your friend reading the phrase and translate into Indonesian Language

No Phrase Number Verb

1 The burning yellow sun Shine/ shines

2 The happy colourful birds Sing/ sings
3 Flowers in my garden Bloom/ blooms
4 Wind from the North Blow/ blows
5 Cold heavy rains Fall/ falls
6 I, on my cozy bed, Sleep/ sleeps
7 They …….. through the door Walk/ walks
8 Budi and Ani, sitting at the corner of the class, Talk/ talks
9 We ….. towards the parking lot Run/ runs
10 The books on that shelf Is/ are

Activity 2
Match the sentence with its pair of prepositions from the list

1) The cat naps ………….. a. through the park

2) We enjoy picnics…... b. with their toys
3) The mail arrives ……. c. in the afternoon
4) The delicious cake is served . d. by the lake
5) We travel ………….. for vacation. e. on the shelf.
6) The children play……. f. to the mountains
7) He runs………. g. under the warm blanket.
8) The book lies forgotten ….. h. on the counter

Basic sentence structure is Subject + Verb + Object + Complement. Its equivalent to SPOK in
Indonesian Language.
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Subject Verb Object Complement usually comes in order with complement being flexible.
Subject and Verb
Object and Complement

Subject + verb + object (with no complement)

Subject + verb + complement (with no object)
Complement, subject + verb (with or with no object)

Thus, always try putting subject at the beginning of the sentence, and followed by verb
afterwards.

Fix the sentence into good Indonesian language then translate into English
1) Ke sana tadi dosen pergi
a. Idn:
b. Eng:
2) Ndak ke pasar hari ini kami.
a. Idn:
b. Eng:
3) Belum tau saya siapa Namanya.
a. Idn:
b. Eng:

Preposition
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase
(object of the preposition) and another word in the sentence. This relationship can indicate:
 Location: on, under, above, behind, in front of, etc.
 Time: before, after, during, since, until, etc.
 Direction: to, from, towards, through, across, etc.
 Manner: by, with, in, according to, etc.
 Reason: because of, due to, for, in spite of, etc.

Here are some examples of prepositional phrases:

 In the morning
 On the table
 With a smile
 Because of the weather

Here are some examples of prepositions used in sentences:

 The house on the hill is haunted. (on the hill modifies "house")
 The movie with the time-traveling cyborg is surprisingly funny. (with the time-
traveling cyborg modifies "movie")
 The news about the missing hikers worried everyone. (about the missing hikers
modifies "news")
 24

Activity 3
1) Read sentences below and translate them into Indonesian language
2) You may read the meaning of the vocab but not the entire sentence
3) Read the sentences in Indonesian language randomly to your friend and ask them to
tell you it’s English language version

1. Anak-anak bermain di taman disamping rumah Budi.

2. Kucing oranye adik saya tidur siang di bawah meja dapur.

3. Para siswa di kelas kami belajar Bahasa Inggris.

4. Gedung sekolah baru kami bagus dan besar

Activity 5
1) Add adjective (adjective phrase) and or prepositional phrase to these sentences
2) Read them to your friend and ask them to translate for you

1. The sun shines.

2. Birds sing.
3. You sleep.
4. We walk.
5. It stops.

Activity 6
1) Translate the phrase into English language
2) Read the phrases and ask your friend to say the Indonesian language version of them
(provide signs and gestures when reading).
3) Add an appropriate verb (and o/c) to complete the sentence

1. Beberapa siswa dan mahasiswa

2. Salah satu teman saya

3. Ibu dan kakak saya

4. Kertas putih diatas meja

5. Pulpen hitam di samping tas dosen

 25

Activity 7
1) Translate the sentences below into English language
2) Add the phrase according to the clue

1. Kucing itu tidur siang (location).

2. Kami menikmati piknik (location).
3. Paket saya sampai (time).
4. Ibu meletakkan kue yang lezat (direction).
5. Kami pergi ke gunung (reason).
6. Anak-anak bermain (manner.
7. Dia menunggu bus (location).
8. Dia berlari (direction).

Activity 8
1) Translate the phrase into English language
2) Read the phrases and ask your friend to say the Indonesian language version of them
(provide signs and gestures when reading).
3) Add an appropriate verb (and o/c) to complete the sentence

1. Beberapa siswa dan mahasiswa di kelas saya

2. 1 dari 4 orang teman saya
3. Ibu dan kedua kakak saya
4. Kertas putih diatas meja baru dosen
5. Pulpen hitam dan biru di samping tas dosen

Activity 9
1) Translate the passage into English language
2) Read the passage to your friend

Beberapa siswa dan mahasiswa di kelas saya belajar di perpustakaan kampus. 1 dari 4 orang

teman saya ikut bergabung (join) kelompok belajar tersebut. Ibu dan kedua kakak saya tidak

ikut belajar karena mereka tidak kuliah/belajar di kampus. Saya mengambil kertas putih

diatas meja baru dosen dan menandatangani absen menggunakan (dengan) pulpen hitam dan

biru di samping tas dosen

 26

CHAPTER IV
SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH BE 1

The simple present tense is a grammatical tense that is used to describe

Simple Present actions, states, habits, and general truths that are happening in the
Tense present, as well as actions that occur regularly or repeatedly.

Examples of Simple Present Tense:

1. They are New Yorkers. (State or fact in the present)
2. He is a breakfast eater every morning. (Habitual state)
3. Amy is diligent student. (State of habit)
4. Water is a liquid at room temperature. (General truth)

Simple Past The simple past tense is a grammatical tense that is used to describe
Tense completed actions, states, or events that occurred in the past. It is often
marked by the use of past tense verbs, which typically involve adding "-
ed" to regular verbs (e.g., played, ate, worked).

Examples of Simple Past Tense

1. They were New Yorkers last year. (State or event in the past)
2. He was a breakfast enthusiast yesterday. (Specific past time)
3. He was my classmate at high school (state in the past)
4. They were friends in their childhood. (State in the past)

In summary, the simple present tense is used for actions and states in the present, habitual
actions, and general truths, while the simple past tense is used to describe completed actions
or events in the past. Both tenses are essential for conveying time and clarity in English
sentences.

Simple Present Tense with "Be”

In the simple present tense with "be," am, is, are" to describe the subject's state of being.
Here's the formula to help you understand:

PRONOUN TO BE EXAMPLE
I AM I am a student
SIMPLE PRESENT HE He is friendly person
TENSE WITH BE SHE IS She is smart and kind
IT It is an interesting book
YOU You are an honest person
WE ARE We are not backstabber
THEY They are not lazy

Simple Present Tense with "Be" Formula

 27

Affirmative:
Subject + "am" (for I) or "is" (for he, she, it) or "are" (for you, we, they) + complement
Example:
- She is a doctor.
- They are friends.

Negative:
Subject + "am not" (for I) or "is not" (for he, she, it) or "are not" (for you, we, they) +
complement
Example:
- She is not happy.
- We are not tired.

Question:
"Am" (for I), "Is" (for he, she, it), or "Are" (for you, we, they) + subject + complement + "?"
Example:
- Is she a doctor?
- Are we colleagues?

Simple Past Tense with "Be"

Simple past tense with be describes past even, and uses “to be” as its main verb

PRONOUN TO BE EXAMPLE
I I was a student at this school
SIMPLE PAST HE He was not friendly to me
TENSE WITH SHE WAS She was very fat, but now is very slim
BE IT It was great experience
YOU You were not home when I came
WE WERE We were not happy last weekend
THEY They were very attentive during the talk

Simple Past Tense with "Be" Formula

Affirmative:
Subject + "was" (for I, he, she, it) or "were" (for you, we, they) + complement
Example:
- She was a doctor.
- They were friends.

Negative:
Subject + "was not" (for I, he, she, it) or "were not" (for you, we, they) + complement
Example:
- She was not happy.
 28

- We were not tired.

Question:
"Was" (for I, he, she, it) or "Were" (for you, we, they) + subject + complement + "?"
Example:
- Was she a doctor?
- Were we colleagues?

Comparing examples from the two tenses

Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
1. I am happy to see you again. 5. I was very excited when I won
2. He is at the park playing with the competition.
Affirmative/ his friends. 6. He was feeling well yesterday.
Positive 3. They are tired from their long 7. It was a beautiful day for a
journey. picnic.
4. It is still raining outside. 8. She was very kind to help me

Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense

1. I am not happy to see you 5. I was not very excited when I
again. won the competition.
Negative 2. He is not at the park playing 6. He was not feeling well
with his friends. yesterday.
3. It is still not raining outside. 7. It was not a nice day for a picnic.
4. She is not late for work. 8. She was not very kind to help me
out.

Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense

1. Are you happy to see me 5. Were you excited when you won
again? the competition?
Interrogative 2. Are they tired from their long 6. Was he feeling well yesterday?
journey? 7. Was it a beautiful day for a picnic?
3. Is it still raining outside? 8. Was she kind to help you out?
4. Is she always late for work?

Exercise on simple present tense with "be,"

1. Fill in the Blanks (Affirmative Sentences)

1. She _____ a nurse.
2. They _____ students.
3. I _____ from France.
4. We _____ friends.
5. He _____ an engineer.
2. Fill in the Blanks (Negative Sentences)
 29

1. I _____ not a doctor.

2. He _____ not in the office.
3. They _____ not happy.
4. She _____ not from Japan.
5. We _____ not tired.

3. Fill in the Blanks (Interrogative Sentences)

1. _____ you a student?
2. _____ she a doctor?
3. _____ they friends?
4. _____ we colleagues?
5. _____ he an artist?

Exercises number 4-6 are on Simple Past Tense with “be”

4. Fill in the Blanks (Affirmative 5. Fill in the Blanks (Negative

Sentences) Sentences)
1. She _____ a teacher. 1. I _____ not a lawyer.
2. They _____ friends. 2. He _____ not in the garden.
3. I _____ from England. 3. They _____ not happy.
4. We _____ students. 4. She _____ not from Italy.
5. He _____ a chef. 5. We _____ not tired.

6. Fill in the Blanks (Interrogative

Sentences)
1. _____ she a teacher?
2. _____ they friends?
3. _____ you from Canada?
4. _____ we colleagues?
5. _____ he a musician?

7. Select one of the options to complete the sentence (MCQ):

1) She ____ a student last year. a) are

a) is b) were
b) am c) be
c) was

3) I ____ not tired right now.

2) They ____ from Canada. a) was
 30

b) is a) is
c) am b) be
c) was
4) He ____ a teacher, but now he
____ a doctor.
a) was / is 8) Mary ____ my neighbor.
b) am / is a) were
c) is / was b) is
c) was
5) We ____ good friends when we
were kids. 9) They ____ colleagues now.
a) is a) am
b) be b) be
c) were c) are

10) I ____ not at home yesterday.

6) You ____ a chef last year. a. am
a) are b. was
b) was c. is
c) were

7) The sun ____ in the sky.

8. Sentence Transformation
Transform the sentences below from affirmative to Negative, then to Interrogative

Simple Present Tense

1. She is a pianist. (State in the present)
2. They are New Yorkers. (State or fact in the present)
3. He is a breakfast eater every morning. (Habitual state)
4. Amy is diligent student. (State of habit)
5. Water is a liquid at room temperature. (General truth

Simple Past Tense

1. She was a pianist when she was younger. (State in the past)
2. They were New Yorkers last year. (State or event in the past)
3. He was a breakfast enthusiast yesterday. (Specific past time)
4. He was my classmate at high school (state in the past)
5. They were friends in their childhood. (State in the past)

9. Fill in the gap

 31

Choose the correct form of "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) to complete the following
sentences.
1. The sun (is/was) shining brightly, and the birds (are/were) singing happily.
2. We (are/were) not at home when you called. We (were/are) at the movies.
3. He (is/was) a doctor, but he (is/was) unhappy with his job, so he (is/was) changing
careers.
4. My sister and I (are/were) very different. She (is/was) outgoing, and I (am/was)
more introverted.
5. This house (is/was) built in the 19th century, and it (is/was) full of character.

10. Gap fill exercises 1

Choose the correct form of "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) to complete the following
sentences.
1. The cat (is/was) always playful, but yesterday it (was/were) unusually calm.
2. My friends (are/ was) visiting from out of town, so we (are/were) busy exploring the
city yesterday.
3. The library (was/is) usually open on Sundays, but it (was/are) closed for renovations
last weekend.
4. I (is/am) a morning person, while my brother (was/are) always a night owl.
5. The weather (are/is) beautiful today, just like it (were/was) yesterday.
6. The leaves on the trees (were/are) changing colours, but they (are/wer)e still green
last week.
7. He (am/is) usually on time, but he (am/was) late for work today.
8. She (is/am) a talented artist, and she (is/was) drawing amazing pictures even as a
child.
9. The movie (am/is) starting soon, so we (are/were) rushing to get our popcorn.
10. My phone (is/was) fully charged now, but it (is/was) almost dead earlier.

11. Gap fill exercises 2

Write appropriate “to be” for the following sentences.
1. My name ___ John, and I ___ born in New York City.
2. She ___ a teacher, and she ___ passionate about education.
3. They ___ siblings, and they ___ close since childhood.
4. I ___ currently studying at the university, and I ___ interested in psychology.
5. He ___ an engineer, and he ___ very good at his skills.
6. We ___ friends for over a decade, and we ____ at the same school since primary.
7. My hobbies ___ reading and hiking, and I ___ keen on these interests for years.
8. She ___ a singer, and she ___ a very good one.
9. They ___ neighbors, and they have lived in this neighborhood for a long time.
10. I ___ a vegetarian, and I have been this way for the past five years.
 32

12. Reading Comprehension

Read the text and answer the questions

The Bakery

The bakery is my favourite place. Every Saturday morning, I am there before sunrise. The air
is filled with the delicious smell of fresh bread. The owner, Mr. Garcia, is always friendly. He
is happy to answer any questions I have about his pastries.

Yes/No Questions:
1. Is the bakery the speaker's favourite place?
2. Is Mr. Garcia unfriendly?
3. Was the speaker at the bakery yesterday morning?
4. Are there fresh pastries at the bakery?
5. Is the air filled with the smell of burnt bread?
 33

CHAPTER V
SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH BE 2

In this chapter, we will continue from previous week and study Simple Present Tense and
Simple Past Tense with Be, remember:
Simple Present Tense IS : HE, SHE, IT AM: I ARE : YOU, WE, THEY
Simple Past Tense WAS : HE, SHE, IT, & I WERE : YOU, WE, THEY

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am very happy I am not very happy Am I very happy?
She is my friend She is not my friend Is she your friend?

They were here first They were not here first Were they here first?
You were right about that You were not right about that Were you right about that?

1. Fill in the Gap Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "be" (am, is, are, was, or were):
1) She ____________ happy yesterday.
2) We ____________ excited about the upcoming trip.
3) They ____________ at the park last weekend.
4) I ____________ at home when you called.
5) My father ____ at home, but my mother _______ (not).

2. Choose the correct form of "be" (am, is, are, was, or were) to complete the
sentences:
1) I ____________ late for class yesterday, but I _____ (not) late today
2) They ____________ at the concert last night, and I _____ there too.
3) She ____________ my best friend, because she _____ nice person
4) We ____________ in the same school last year, but now were ____ (not) at the same
school anymore
5) She _______ the prettiest girl at high school, and she _____ still beautiful now

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of "be" (am, is, are, was, or were) in either
simple present or simple past tense:
1) They ______ (not) here today, but they ______ here yesterday.
2) I _______ excited about the upcoming trip, It _____ very fun
3) She ______ happy with her new job, she _____ (not) happy with her previous one
4) We ______ at the beach last weekend. It _____ great fun
5) The table _____ very expensive, but it ____ really nice
 34

4. Multiple Choice (MCQ):

Select one correct answer from the list
1. What _____ your name? 6. The weather _____ nice yesterday, but
a) am today it _____ rainy.
b) were a) is / is
c) is b) was / is
c) is / was
2. Where _____ you from?
a) be 7. You _____ not at the party last night.
b) are a) were
c) were b) is
c) am
3. _____ you a student now?
a) is 8. Mary _____ not at work today.
b) am a) were
c) were b) is
c) am
4. She _____ a doctor, but now she
_____ a nurse. 9. They _____ not colleagues anymore.
a) am / is a) is
b) is / be b) was
c) was / is c) are

5. We _____ friends when we lived in 10. I _____ a teacher when I was in my

the same neighborhood. twenties.
a) is a) am
b) were b) was
c) am c) be

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of "be" (am, is, are, was, were) in
either simple present or simple past tense:
1) Last summer, Sarah ______ went to Spain. She _____ very excited about the trip, but
______ sad about the money she spent.
2) The children ______ in the park when it started to rain. They _____ terrified hearing
the thunder
3) My grandmother _______ a great storyteller. She told us plenty of stories and we
loved them.
4) I ______ usually very nervous before giving a presentation, but yesterday I ______
(not). I am proud of myself

6. Choose the correct form of "be" (am, is, are, was, were) to complete the sentences:
 35

1) They _______ (not) at the concert last night, because they had to study
2) The weather ______ nice during our vacation. It ____ (not) hot, but it _____ perfect
3) He _______ very tired after his long journey. The journey ______ long
4) We _______ at the cinema. The film _______ (not) good though
5) She _______ (not) happy with how the results turned out. She _____ rather
disappointed

7. Error Correction (MCQ):

Identify the error in the following sentences related to verb tense (simple present or simple
past with "be"). Select the correct option (a, b, or c) to correct the sentence.

1. She are a student. 6. It be a sunny day.

a) am a) am
b) is b) is
c) were c) was

2. They was from Italy. 7. Mary and Tom were married.

a) are a) am
b) were b) is
c) is c) was

3. He am not at work. 8. You is a teacher.

a) are a) am
b) is b) are
c) was c) were

4. We were not good friends. 9. The book were interesting.

a) am a) is
b) is b) am
c) were c) was

5. I is not tired. 10. They are colleagues now.

a) am a) am
b) is b) is
c) was c) were

8. Grammar exercises
Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of "be" and the verbs in either simple present or simple
past tense to complete each sentence.
1. She ___ (be) usually very quiet in class, but yesterday she ___ (be) quite talkative.
(simple past)
2. Where ___ your parents? They ___ (be) in the living room. (simple present)
 36

3. I ___ (be) excited about the trip last week. (simple past)
4. They ___ (be) good students and always complete their homework on time. (simple
present)
5. The weather ___ (be) sunny yesterday, but today it ___ (be) cloudy. (simple past)
6. He ___ (be) a doctor for many years. (simple present)
7. Last night, we ___ (be) at the concert, and it ___ (be) fantastic! (simple past)
8. My cat ___ (be) very playful when it ___ (be) a kitten. (simple past)
9. ___ you sure that this ___ (be) the right way to the beach? (simple present)
10. The flowers in the garden ___ (be) beautiful this morning. (simple present)

9. Gap fill exercises

Choose the correct form of "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) to complete the following
sentences.
1. My name ___ John, and I ___ born in New York City.
2. She ___ a teacher, and she ___ passionate about education.
3. They ___ siblings, and they ___ very close.
4. I ___ currently studying at the university, and I ___ interested in psychology.
5. He ___ an engineer, and he ___ dedicated person to his work.
6. The weather today ___ beautiful, and the sky ___ blue.
7. My parents ___ not very happy when I ___ late for dinner last night.
8. She ___ always on time, but today she ___ late.

10. Rewrite the sentences into the simple past tense, first in negative then interrogative
1) She is tired.
2) They are hungry.
3) It is dark outside.
4) We are ready to go.
5) She is my best friend ever

11. Rewrite the sentences into the simple present tense first in negative then
interrogative
a) She was happy yesterday.
b) They were at the party last night.
c) It was raining heavily.
d) They were not there when I arrived at the stadium last night
e) He was tired after work.
 37

12. Reading Comprehension

Read the text and answer the questions

The Park

The park is a lively place during the summer. Children are everywhere, running and playing.
The ice cream truck is a familiar sight, bringing cool treats on hot days. The music from the
carousel is a cheerful melody that fills the air. In the evenings, families are out for picnics,
enjoying the last rays of sunshine.

Yes/No Questions:
1. Is the park a boring place during the summer?
2. Are there children in the park?
3. Was there music from the carousel yesterday evening?
4. Are there children playing tag in the park?
5. Is the park deserted during the winter months?
 38

CHAPTER VI
SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH VERB 1

Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is a grammatical tense that is used to describe actions, states, habits,
and general truths that are happening in the present, as well as actions that occur regularly or
repeatedly. It is one of the most basic tenses in English and is characterized by the use of the
base form of the verb (e.g., play, eat, work) for most subjects, with the exception of the third
person singular (he, she, it), where an "s" or "es" is added to the verb.

Examples of Simple Present Tense:

 She plays the piano. (Action happening in the present)
 They live in New York. (State or fact in the present)
 He eats breakfast every morning. (Habitual action)
 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (General truth)

Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense is a grammatical tense that is used to describe completed actions,
states, or events that occurred in the past. It is often marked by the use of past tense verbs,
which typically involve adding "-ed" to regular verbs (e.g., played, ate, worked), although
irregular verbs have unique past tense forms.

Examples of Simple Past Tense

 She played the piano. (Completed action in the past)
 They lived in New York last year. (State or event in the past)
 He ate breakfast at 7 AM yesterday. (Specific past time)
 They saw a movie last night. (Completed action in the past)

In summary, the simple present tense is used for actions and states in the present, habitual
actions, and general truths, while the simple past tense is used to describe completed actions
or events in the past. Both tenses are essential for conveying time and clarity in English
sentences.

Here are the formulas for the simple present tense and simple past tense with regular verbs:

Simple Present Tense with Regular Verbs Formula:

Affirmative:
Subject + Base Form of Verb (e.g., play, eat, work) + Complement
Example:
 I play soccer.
 They study in the classroom
 She needs some money
Negative:
 39

Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base Form of Verb + Complement

Example:
 She does not eat meat.
 We do not watch the game
 Budi does not play football here

Question:
Do/Does + Subject + Base Form of Verb + Complement + ?
Example:
 Do you work here?
 Does Ani read that book?
 Do your friends know how to do the assignment?

Simple Past Tense with Regular Verbs Formula:

Affirmative:
Subject + Past Tense of Verb (usually, add "-ed" to the base form) + Complement
Example:
 She played the piano.
 Some students came late to the class today
 Many of my friends attended the class on time

Negative:
Subject + Did + Not + Base Form of Verb + Complement
Example:
 They did not visit yesterday.
 Tia and Lina did not complete the assignment on time
 Budi’s father did not come to the convocation last week

Question:
Did + Subject + Base Form of Verb + Complement + ?
Example:
 Did he go to the store?
 Did he manage to find the food you wanted?
 Did Jamilah clean the house before you arrived?

1. Cloze-style grammar exercises

1) Yesterday, she ___________ (go) to the store to buy some groceries.
 40

2) Every morning, I ___________ (wake) up at 6 AM.

3) They ___________ (play) soccer every weekend.
4) Last year, we ___________ (visit) Paris for our vacation.
5) She ___________ (read) a new book every week.
6) He ___________ (watch) his favourite TV show on Fridays.
7) Yesterday, they ___________ (swim) in the lake.
8) She ___________ (write) emails to her friends regularly.
9) Last night, we ___________ (have) a delicious dinner at the new restaurant.
10) He ___________ (study) hard for his exams during the semester.

2. Grammar exercises
Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of "be" and the verbs in either simple present or simple
past tense to complete each sentence.
1) She _____ (be) a nurse, but now she _____ (work) as an engineer.
2) We usually _____ (go) to the gym on Mondays, but yesterday we _____ (skip) it.
3) They _____ (live) in New York, but last year they _____ (move) to California.
4) I _____ (have) breakfast every morning, but this morning I _____ (skip) it.
5) He _____ (like) ice cream, so he _____ (eat) some yesterday.
6) You _____ (visit) your grandparents often, but last week you _____ (not visit) them.
7) The sun _____ (rise) in the east, and it _____ (set) in the west.
8) She _____ (study) English every day, but yesterday she _____ (not study) because
she was sick.
9) They usually _____ (play) soccer on weekend, but last week they _____ (not play)
10) I _____ (be) tired right now, but yesterday I _____ (feel) full of energy.

3. MCQ Questions (Mixed Tenses):

1) What time _______ (does/did) he 5) ____(did/do) you _____ (see/sees)

usually _____ (get/got) up in the that new movie in theaters?
morning?
6) She _____ (work /worked) at the
2) When ______ (do/did) they _____ same company for five years
(visit/visited) the museum last before changing jobs.
week?
7) _____(does/did) he _______
3) _________ (does/did) she ______ (play/played) the guitar when he
(read/reads) books regularly? was a child

4) How often ____ (do/did) you 8) We _____ (have/had) a great time

_____ (exercise/exercised) at the at the party last night.
gym?
 41

9) How long _____(does/did) it 10) She _____ (enjoy/enjoyed)

_____ (take /took) you to finish the swimming in the ocean during her
project? vacation.

4. Yes No Question (Simple Present vs. Simple Past)

Select one correct answer from the following Yes/No Questions

1. Does she usually go to the gym?

a) Yes, she goes every day. 4. Do you eat breakfast every morning?
b) No, she doesn't go at all. a) Yes, I eat breakfast daily.
c) Yes, she went yesterday. b) No, I ate breakfast yesterday.
d) No, she went last week. c) Yes, I will eat breakfast soon.
d) No, I didn't eat breakfast today.
2. Do they play basketball on weekends?
a) Yes, they play every Saturday. 5. Does the cat sleep on the couch?
b) No, they played last Saturday. a) Yes, it sleeps there every day.
c) Yes, they are playing right now. b) No, it slept there yesterday.
d) No, they will play next Saturday. c) Yes, it is sleeping there now.
d) No, it will sleep there tonight.
3. Is he studying for his exams?
a) Yes, he is studying hard.
b) No, he studies later.
c) Yes, he studied yesterday.
d) No, he will study tomorrow.

5. Cloze Exercise (Simple Present vs. Simple Past)

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs provided in
parentheses.
1) The birds (sing / sings) beautifully every morning. They (wake / wakes) me up with
their sweet melodies.
2) Yesterday, I (go / went) for a walk in the park. I (see / saw) many people enjoying the
sunshine.
3) In the evening, I (read / reads) a book while my brother (watched / watch) TV.
4) Every morning, I (wake up / woke up) at 7 am. I (eat / ate) breakfast and then (get
ready / got ready) for school.
5) Last weekend, I (visited / visit) my grandparents. We (had / have) a lot of fun

6. Short Answer Questions (Simple Present vs. Simple Past):

Instructions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences, using the correct tense
(simple present or simple past).
 42

1. What do you do every day after school? (Simple Present)

2. What did you do last weekend? (Simple Past)
3. What is your favourite hobby? (Simple Present)
4. Where did you go on your last vacation? (Simple Past)
5. What do you want to be when you grow up? (Simple Present)

7. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb

1) She __________ (cook) dinner every evening.
2) Yesterday, they __________ (play) soccer in the park.
3) Tom usually __________ (read) a book before bed.
4) Last weekend, we __________ (go) to the beach.
5) Sarah often __________ (take) her dog for a walk in the morning.
6) He __________ (study) French for two years now.
7) The cat always __________ (sleep) on the windowsill.
8) They __________ (visit) their grandparents last summer.
9) My parents __________ (buy) a new car last month.
10) The teacher __________ (teach) English grammar every Monday.

8. Gap Fill (Simple Present vs. Simple Past)

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tense (simple present or simple past).
1. I usually _____ (eat) breakfast at 7:00 am.
2. She _____ (visit) her grandparents last weekend.
3. They _____ (not like) to watch horror movies.
4. We _____ (study) for our test every night.
5. He _____ (write) a letter to his friend yesterday.
6. She _____ (go) for a walk in the park every morning.
7. They _____ (play) soccer after school every day.
8. We _____ (have) dinner at 6 pm most nights.
9. I _____ (not drink) coffee, but I _____ (drink) tea.
10. She _____ (love) to read books about history.

9. Grammar Exercises
Instruction: Select the correct option to complete the sentence
1) Every morning, she (run/runs) in the park for exercise.
2) Last summer, we (travel/travels) to Italy and explored beautiful cities.
3) They (watch/watches) a movie every Friday night.
4) Yesterday, he (read/reads) an interesting article online.
5) I (study/studies) Spanish on weekends to improve my language skills.
6) She (take/takes) her dog for a walk in the evening.
7) Last month, they (visit/visits) the famous museum in town.
8) My grandmother (cook/cooks) delicious meals for our family.
 43

9) He (work/works) at a tech company and enjoys his job.

10) Yesterday, we (have/has) a picnic in the park with friends.

10. Reading Comprehension

Instruction: Answer the questions based on the text

The Train Ride

The train journey travels through beautiful countryside. Lush green fields and rolling hills
stretch as far as the eye can see. Sometimes, the train passes through charming villages with
quaint houses. In the past, I used to love looking out the window and imagining stories about
the people living there. Now, I usually spend the journey reading a book.

Yes/No Questions:
1. Does the train journey travel through a city?
2. Does the train pass through?
3. Did the speaker enjoy watching the scenery in the past?
4. What did the author do during the trip?
5. Does the speaker sleep during the train ride?

11. Open-ended Question

Instructions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences, using the correct tense
(simple present or simple past).
1. What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
2. Does your family have any special traditions?
3. What skills are you currently learning?
4. What do you typically do on weekends?
5. What was your biggest accomplishment last month?

12. Open-ended Question in Simple Present Open-Ended Questions:

1. What is the best trip you have ever taken?
1) Where did you go on that trip?
2) Who did you go with?
3) What activities did you do while you were there?
4) Did anything unexpected happen on the trip?
5) Would you go back to the same place again in the future?

CHAPTER VII
SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST WITH VERB 2
 44

In this chapter, we will continue from previous week and study Simple Present Tense and
Simple Past Tense with Verb, remember:

Tenses Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Simple Present You study (verb 1) You don’t study Do you study
Tense
Simple Past Tense You studied (V2) You didn’t study (V1) Did you study (V1)

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I study English I don’t study English Do you study English?
She calls me She doesn’t call me Does she call me?

Budi helped me yesterday Budi did not help me yst Did Budi help you yesterday?
They attended the class last They did not attend the class Did they attend the class last
week last week week?

1. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)

Fill in the gap using options provided below

1. What ____ you ____ (do) yesterday a) is running

evening? b) runs
a) are / doing c) ran
b) were / do d) run
c) did / do
d) do / did 5. How often ____ you ____ (visit) the
museum?
2. She ____ (teach) English at the a) are / visiting
university now. b) were / visit
a) is teaching c) do / visit
b) was teaching d) did / visit
c) teaches
d) taught 6. She ____ (play) the piano when I called
her.
3. They usually ____ (travel) to Europe in a) plays
the summer. b) is playing
a) are traveling c) played
b) traveled d) has played
c) travel
d) were traveling

7. We ____ (have) a picnic last Sunday.

4. Yesterday, he ____ (run) five miles. a) are having
 45

b) have a) studies
c) had b) is studying
d) will have c) studied
8. He ____ (study) for the test right now. d) has studied

9. They ____ (watch) a movie last night. 10. What time ____ you usually ____
a) are watching (wake up) on weekdays?
b) watch a) do / wake up
c) watched b) did / wake up
d) were watching c) are / waking up
d) were / wake

2. Sentence Transformation
Transform these sentences from the simple present tense to the simple past tense or vice
versa:

1. Simple Present: "He lives in Paris."

- Transform to Simple Past: ____________________

2. Simple Present: "They have a dog."

- Transform to Simple Past: ____________________

3. Simple Present: "I eat lunch at 12 PM."

- Transform to Simple Past: ____________________

4. Simple Present: "She speaks English fluently."

- Transform to Simple Past: ____________________

5. Simple Present: "We visit our grandparents on weekends."

- Transform to Simple Past: ____________________

6. Simple Past: "She went to the beach last summer."

- Transform to Simple Present: ____________________

7. Simple Past: "They watched a movie yesterday."

- Transform to Simple Present: ____________________

8. Simple Past: "I traveled to Italy last year."

- Transform to Simple Present: ____________________

9. Simple Past: "He cooked dinner for his family."

- Transform to Simple Present: ____________________
 46

10. Simple Past: "We studied hard for the exam."

- Transform to Simple Present: ____________________

3. Multiple Choice Question

Select the correct answer (A, B, C, or D) from the options provided

1. I ____ (read) a book yesterday 6. They ____ (visit) the Grand Canyon
afternoon. during their vacation.
a) reads a) visited
b) am reading b) visit
c) read c) are visiting
d) will read d) have visited
2. She ____ (play) tennis with her friends
every Saturday. 7. She ____ (write) a letter to her friend
a) plays right now.
b) played a) wrote
c) is playing b) is writing
d) has played c) writes
d) will write
3. He ____ (work) as a doctor before he
retired. 8. I ____ (eat) lunch at noon today.
a) works a) ate
b) was working b) am eating
c) is working c) eat
d) worked d) will eat

4. Yesterday, we ____ (go) to the beach for

a swim. 9. We ____ (meet) our old classmates last
a) are going week.
b) will go a) meet
c) went b) met
d) have gone c) are meeting
d) have met
5. How long ____ you ____ (study)
English? 10. What ____ you ____ (do) when the
a) does / study power went out last night?
b) did / study a) do / do
c) are / studying b) did / do
d) were / study c) are / doing
d) were / doing

4. Multiple Choice Question

 47

Select one correct answer from the following multiple-choice Question

1. What do you usually do on weekends?

a) I usually hang out with friends. 7. What did you do yesterday evening?
b) I am go hiking in the mountains. a) I am watched a movie with friends.
c) I watching movies at home. b) I always cooked dinner for my family.
d) I visited my grandparents. c) I didn’t went for a walk in the park.
d) I studied for my exam.
2. How often does your sister practice
piano? 8. Who did you meet at the party?
a) She practices every day. a) I met my old school friends.
b) She practiced yesterday. b) I met new people every day.
c) She will practice tomorrow. c) I didn’t met my neighbors.
d) She practiced last week. d) I didn't meeting anyone.

3. Where does your dad work? 9. How did you celebrate your last
a) He works in an office downtown. birthday?
b) He worked there last year. a) I had a party at home tomorrow.
c) He will work there next month. b) I went out for dinner.
d) He works from home. c) I will received gifts from family.
d) I didn't celebrate it my birthday.

4. Who usually cooks dinner in your 10. When did you finish your homework
family? yesterday?
a) My mom usually cooks. a) I finished it before dinner.
b) My dad cooked yesterday. b) I did finished it late at night last night.
c) My brother will cook tomorrow. c) I had finished it early in the morning.
d) My sister cooks sometimes. d) I haven't finished it my homework yet.

5. When do you go to bed at night?

a) I go to bed around 10 PM.
b) I went to bed early yesterday.
c) I will go to bed late tonight.
d) I go to bed whenever I feel tired.

6. Where did you go for your last

vacation?
a) I went to Hawaii today.
b) I visited my grandparents yesterday.
c) I stayed at home every day.
d) I went camping in the mountains.

5. Yes No Question
 48

Select one correct answer from the following multiple-choice Question

1. Does your sister play the guitar? 6. What time do you usually wake up in
a) Yes, she plays it every day. the morning?
b) No, she played it yesterday. a) I usually wake up at 7 AM.
c) Yes, she will play it tomorrow. b) I woke up early today.
d) No, she doesn't play at all. c) I will wake up late tomorrow.
d) I don't wake up at a fixed time.
2. Do you enjoy watching movies?
a) Yes, I enjoy them a lot. 7. How often do you exercise?
b) No, I enjoyed one last night. a) I exercise three times a week.
c) Yes, I will enjoy one tonight. b) I exercised yesterday.
d) No, I won't enjoy any. c) I will exercise tomorrow.
d) I don't exercise regularly.

3. Is your brother a doctor? 8. What do you like to do in your free

a) Yes, he is a doctor. time?
b) No, he wasn't a doctor. a) I like to read books.
c) Yes, he will be a doctor. b) I read a book yesterday.
d) No, he won't be a doctor. c) I will read a book tomorrow.
d) I don't like to read.
4. Does your friend live nearby?
a) Yes, he lives just down the street. 9. Who cooks dinner in your family?
b) No, he lived there last year. a) My mom usually cooks.
c) Yes, he will live there next month. b) My dad cooked yesterday.
d) No, he doesn't live nearby. c) My sister will cook tomorrow.
d) We don't cook at home.

5. Do you speak Spanish? 10. Where do you usually go for vacation?

a) Yes, I speak it fluently. a) I usually go to the beach.
b) No, I spoke it poorly last time. b) I went to the mountains last year.
c) Yes, I will speak it soon. c) I will go to Europe next month.
d) No, I won't speak it. d) I don't go on vacation.

6. Yes No Question
Select one correct answer from the following multiple-choice Question

1. Did you visit any museums during your d) No, I won't visit any.
trip?
a) Yes, I visited several museums. 2. Did your parents watch the soccer match
b) No, I didn't visit any. on TV?
c) Yes, I will visit one next time. a) Yes, they watched it last night.
 49

b) No, they are watching it now. 7. What did you do last weekend?
c) Yes, they will watch it later. a) I went hiking.
d) No, they won't watch it. b) I watched movies.
c) I hung out with friends.
3. Were you late for class yesterday? d) I stayed in.
a) Yes, I was late.
b) No, I wasn't late. 8. Who did you meet at the party?
c) Yes, I will be late tomorrow. a) I met new people.
d) No, I won't be late. b) I met old friends.
c) I didn't meet anyone.
4. Did your brother complete his d) I met my colleagues.
homework on time?
a) Yes, he completed it before dinner. 9. How did you celebrate your last
b) No, he didn't complete it at all. birthday?
c) Yes, he will complete it soon. a) I had a party.
d) No, he won't complete it. b) I went out for dinner.
c) I received gifts.
5. Did the dog bark at the mailman this d) I didn't celebrate it.
morning?
a) Yes, it barked loudly. 10. When did you last travel abroad?
b) No, it always didn't bark a) I traveled last summer.
c) Yes, it will bark later. b) I traveled last year.
d) No, it won't bark. c) I will travel next month.
d) I haven't traveled yet
6. Where did you go on your last vacation?
a) I went to Paris.
b) I visited my grandparents.
c) I stayed at home.
d) I went camping.

7. Rewrite the sentences into negative and interrogative sentences

1. She writes a letter to her friend every week.
2. They eat lunch together at noon.
3. The children play in the park after school.
4. He reads a newspaper in the morning.
5. We go to the movies on weekends.

8. Rewrite the sentences into negative and interrogative sentences

1. She danced ballet last Thursday.
 50

2. They swam in the pool last summer.

3. He taught math at the local school 2 years ago.
4. The birds sang in the trees yesterday morning.
5. Yesterday, I drank coffee in the morning to wake up.

9. Yes No Question format

Answer the following Yes/No Questions with peers
1. Do you usually go to bed early?
2. Does she take the bus to work every day?
3. Do they eat dinner together as a family?
4. Do you enjoy reading books in your free time?
5. Does he play sports on weekends?
6. Did they travel abroad during the holidays?
7. Did she attend the conference last month?
8. Did you meet any interesting people at the party?
9. Did it snow a lot last winter?
10. Did you enjoy your last meal at the restaurant?

10. Open-ended question format

What did you do last weekend?
a) Where did you go?
b) Who did you go with?
c) What did you eat while you were there?
d) What was your favourite part of the weekend?
e) Would you go back to the same place again in the future?

11. Open-ended question format

Answer the following Yes/No Questions with peers
1. What do you usually do in your free time?
2. Where do you work or study?
3. Where did you grow up, and what was it like?
4. What was your favourite subject in school, and why?
5. Tell me about your last job interview experience.