Compressed

Developed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a textbook according
to the National Curriculum 2022 for Class Seven from the academic year 2023
Life and Livelihood

Class Seven
(Experimental Version)
Writers and Editors

Md Murshid Aktar
Mosammat Khadiza Yeasmin
Syed Mahfooz Ali
Dr. Probir Chandra Roy
Hasan Tareq Khan
Mishal Islam
Mohammed Abul Khair Bhuiya
Translated by
Md. Zulfeqar Haider
Md. Ali Rezwan Talukdar
Md. Nasir Uddin
Shusmita Shyama
National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh

Published by
National Curriculum and Textbook Board
69-70 Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000
[All rights reserved by National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh]
First Published: December, 2022

Reprint: , 2023
Art Direction
Monjur Ahmed
Illustration
Yusuf Ali Noton
Promothes Das Pulak
Cover
Yusuf Ali Noton
Graphics
Md. Ruhul Amin
For Free Distribution by the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Printed by:
Preface
In this ever-changing world, the concept of livelihood is altering every moment. The advancement
of technology, in accordance with knowledge and skill, has accelerated the pace of change.
There is no alternative to adapting to this fast changing world. The reason is, the development
of technology is at its zenith compared to any time in the human history. In the fourth industrial
revolution era, the advancement of artificial intelligence has brought a drastic change in our
employment and lifestyles and this will make the relationship among people more and more
intimate. Varied employment opportunities will be created in near future which we cannot even
predict at this moment. We need to take preparation right now so that we can adapt ourselves to
that upcoming future.
Although a huge economic development has taken place throughout the world, the problems of
climate change, air pollution, migrations and ethnic violence have become much more intense
than before. The epidemics like COVID 19 has appeared and obstructed the normal lifestyle and
economic growth of the world. Different challenges and opportunities have been added to our
daily life.
Standing on the verge of these challenges and possibilities, implementation of sustainable and
effective solutions is required for the transformation of our large population into a resource. It
entails global citizens with knowledge, skill, values, vision, positive attitude, sensitivity, capability
to adapt, humanity and patriotism. Amidst all these, Bangladesh has graduated into a developing
nation from the underdeveloped periphery and is continuously trying to achieve the desired goals
in order to become a developed country by 2041. Education is one of the pivotal instruments
to attain the goals and there is no alternative to the modernization of our education system.
Developing an effective and updated curriculum has become crucial for this modernization.
Developing and revising the curriculum is a regular and vital activity of National Curriculum and
Textbook Board. The last revision of the curriculum was done in 2012. Since then, a lot of time
has passed. The necessity of curriculum revision and development has emerged. For this purpose,
various research and technical exercises were conducted under the supervision of NCTB during
the year 2017 to 2019 to analyze the prevalent situation of education and assess the learning needs.
Based on the researches and technical exercises, a competency-based incessant curriculum from
K-12 has been developed to create a competent generation to survive in the new world situation.
In the light of the competency based curriculum, the textbooks have been prepared for all streams
(General, Madrasah and Vocational) of learners for Class Seven. The authentic experience
driven contents of this textbook were developed in such a way that teaching learning becomes
comprehensible and full of merriment. This will connect textbooks with various life related
phenomenon and events that are constantly taking place around us. This is to be mentioned here
that this textbook has already been refined through a logical evaluation by the writers and the
subjet specialists after collecting opinion from the teachers and students via an interim tryout. We
hope that learning will be profound and life-long now.
Issues like gender, ethnicity, religion, caste, the disadvantaged and students with special needs
have been taken into special consideration while developing the textbook. I would like to thank
all who have put their best efforts in writing, editing, illustrating and publishing the textbook.
If any one finds any errors or inconsistencies in this experimental version and has any suggestions
for improving its quality, we kindly ask them to let us know.
Professor Md. Farhadul Islam

Chairman
National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh
Introduction to the Subject
Sometimes viewing beautiful scenes lifts our mood. For instance, birds seem delight-
ed and carefree when they fly on their wings. Then we, too, wish to fly on wings like
them! From an early age, many strange and funny dreams like this peep through our
mind’s sky. We, too, want to make our life full of variety and joy. We would like to
involve ourselves in the work that pleases us. We wish to live happily and safely in the
days to come.
Keeping all these expectations before us, the subject “Life and Livelihood” has been
included in this Curriculam. An effort has been made to exercise how learners can
work with joyful hearts. Path will be opened by the combined efforts of the learners,
the guardians, and the teachers. With the flow of time, many changes have come in our
social and family lives.
The busyness in the lives of the parents of the families has increased for which we
need to be self-dependent from the time of our boyhood. Therefore, we need to be
self-dependent from childhood. As a result, we hope that through this subject, “Life
and Livelihood”, the learners will be gradually introduced to the positive aspects of
their own life. Besides, they will be able to manage the techniques for their survival in
the future correctly. Also, they will be able to nurture and practise the skills needed for
their livelihood in the coming days. This subject has been so designed that the skills
can be acquired through joyful participation in any work, and the learners may be used
to behave accountably to their country and nation.
Dear student, in the experience ‘Pleasure in Work’ we will prepare and follow a bud-
get for the whole year for the family. In addition, we will practice our own and other
familial tasks regularly. In the second experience ‘Transformation of Occupation’ we
will be introduced to the changes those have taken place in our agricultural, service and
industrial sector occupation and the skills we need to acquire due to those changes and
will try to improve our skills. In the third experience ‘Dream of Future’ we will prepare
ourselves to adapt to the future by thinking about the new technologies that will emerge
in future and what will be their probable use in our professional sectors.
In the Fourth experience ‘Financial Insight’ we will practice how to rationally conduct
financial transactions and what kind of ethics we must follow in our daily life purchas-
es. Coming to the fifth experience ‘My Life My Aim’ we will try to find out our likings,
interests and abilities. Based on them, will set a goal for ourselves for the time being.
Then, we will take initiative to prepare different term of plans to achieve that goal. In
the sixth experience ‘Working Jointly’ we will try to develop effective communication
skills to solve any problem through group work.
Dear student finally, we have three skill courses: ‘Cooking 2’, ‘Caregiving 1’ and ‘Poul-
try Raising’. By practicing the skills covered by these three courses in our personal and
family life regularly, we will acquire some particular skills which will make our daily
life easier and more beautiful.
Dear students, please try to complete the assignments your teachers assign you, applying
your creativity within the given time. If the need arises, take help from your guardians
and neighbours. We humbly request the teachers and guardians to help the learners in
their work by creating a favourable and cordial atmosphere and providing necessary
encouragement. Building an enriched Bangladesh is possible only by a collective
participation of all.
Life and livelihood
Content
Pleasure in Work 1-21
Transformation of Occupation 22-38
Dreams of Future 39-56
Financial Insight 57-78
My Life My Aim 79-96
Working Jointly 97-112
Skill Course One: Cooking 2 113-148
Skill Course Two: Caregiving 1 149-166
Skill Course Three: Poultry Raising 167-182

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Pleasure in Work
সবাই মিলে ঘরের কাজে হাত লাগালে সানন্দে

শান্তি-সুখে হাসবে জীবন, ভাসবো�ো সবাই আনন্দে।
Family is where the happiness is. The
smiling faces in a family give us the
motivation for all the work we do. Family
plays the most important role in bringing
success to our life. Let’s engage in the
all family chores and make us proud
members of the family.
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1
1
Life and livelihood
Completing Personal and Family Chores

You may remember, when in class six, each of us earned a title for doing our own
family chores. Some of us earned the Titanium membership, some platinum, some
gold, some silver, some bronze or general membership. We also promised to continue
our work so that we could keep our family ties strong. Because, the way we take
pleasure in doing our own work, we experience similar sense of satisfaction in helping
others. Especially we enjoy helping family members in cooking, accounting and other
activities. We can also assist our siblings and the other family members whenever
needed. All these acts will strengthen the family bond and bring peace, joy and
happiness to our households. It is our responsibility to practice doing our own tasks
and to stand beside our family members by giving them a hand in their work from the
very childhood. Performing these tasks properly not only help us to have mental
satisfaction, but also increases our physical abilities. These attributes are the primary
sources of our well-being.
Never do I neglect
my duty,
Considering
benefit of
everybody.
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1.1 Family Chores
2
Pleasure in Work
Now we will review the chores we did in the last six months, and we will complete
the table following our discussions with the family member.
If you did that a chore most of the time in a month, your score will be - 3
If you did a chore often in a month your score will be- 2
If you did a chore only for a few days in the month, the score will be 1
If you did not do a specific chore at all, the score will be – 0
Table 1.1 Reflection
Statement of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Total

Sl
the work Month Month Month Month Month Month Score
I have made
1
my bed
I have studied
2
as per routine
I have washed
my dinner
3
plates, mugs,
and spoons
I have tidied
up my study
table and
4
organised my
books and
pens etc.
I have kept my
clothes, shoes,
5
and socks in
the right place
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I have
followed the
6
rules during
the meals
3
Life and livelihood
I have
maintained
7
the personal
hygiene
I have helped
8
in the kitchen
I have helped
9 washing the
clothes
I have helped
10 tidying up the
house
I have helped
11 my younger
siblings
I have helped
in nursing
other members
12
(children/ sick/
old) of the
family
13
14
15
Guardian’s feedback:
Total score
Teacher’s Comment:
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4
Pleasure in Work
My words
Express your feeling on how you have found yourself at look back
Family Income and Expenditure

We know that we have some basic needs to survive. Food, clothing, shelter,
education and healthcare are the basic needs of a human being. Do you know
how we can fulfill these basic needs? We need money to purchase food,
clothing, and shelter (house), don’t we? We need money to get education and
healthcare as well. Where will we get this money from? Our parents work to
earn the money. They try to meet the household expenses and the wants of
every family member with that money. We can save some money after meeting
the necessary expenses if we spend it carefully and in a planned way.
What is earned or brought into our household in the form of money or something
having financial value is called income. It may come from different sources.
This may include the salary from a job, honorarium from part-time teaching,
rent earned from house rent or shop rent, interest or profit earned from the bank
or share and the money and other investments. This also includes the profit
received by selling different goods manufactured in industries and factories,
agricultural produce, or homemade products. We can also earn by utilising the
family members’ skills such as earning money from driving a rickshaw, van,
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auto-rickshaw, motorcycle, car, bus, truck, lunch, steamer, and aeroplane.

Family income is the total earnings of all the people in a family. In other words
it is any form of incoming money of a family. It may come from various
sources- for example, the salary, allowance, rent, the income from the small-
5
Life and livelihood
medium-large business, agriculture, farm, produced goods, corps, vegetables,
fruits, interests from the savings or from the bank etc. There can be one or
several earning members in a family. Sometimes, the income is fixed, and
sometimes it changes over time. However, no matter how much we earn, we
should maintain a balance between income and expenses. It is said that:
Spend as per your income
Only then you will save some.
Bill Payment Clothing
Housing Transportation
Education Healthcare Academic Year 2024
Food Money
Entertainment and
Sports
1.2: Sectors of Family Expenditure
6
Pleasure in Work
Expenditure is the amount we spend from our income to buy different
commodities to meet our needs. There are certain necessary expenses of a
family, which we must pay for living. On the other hand, some expenses are
only for making life more comfortable and enjoyable. However, both of the
expenses are usually for food, housing, clothing, education, transportation,
healthcare, entertainment, utilities, and related sectors. One the other hand, in
some cases, these expenses might vary between cities and rural areas. Income
brings cash into a household, and expenditure takes the money out. We do not
have anything left for other purpose. In fact, there prevails peace and joy in the
family if expenditure is less than income.
Individual Work
Discuss with your family members and list the expenses for the next week.
You may use the table below to list your expenses.
Table 1.2: Weekly household expenditure
Area of
Date Expenditure Comments
Expenditure
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Guardian’s Feedback: Teacher’s Comment:
7
Life and livelihood
Concepts of budgeting and ability to make family budget

We know that savings are our friends in needs. To ensure some savings, we
need to spend less than we earn. It is essential to plan our expenditures to keep
the expenses less than the incomes. This is known as income management.
Income management refers to spending according to income rationally so that
all the family incomes are met.
‘Expenditure planning’ is a systematic method of spending. It depends on the
total income of a family. Expenditure planning helps a family lead their lives
within their income range and save money for any emergency.
A budget is a plan that describes
various sectors of income and
expenditure for a given period. That
means a budget contains the various
sources of income, while it also
includes different sectors of planned
expenditure. A budget is designed
in a way that the total estimated
expenditure matches the income.
Following the concept of budget,
can we predict now what a family
budget is?
1.3: Expenditure Management (sample)
A family budget is a statement of the
potential income from different sources and planned expenditure in different
sectors by different members of a family for a specific period.
Family budget ensures the availability of enough money to spend in various
essential sectors. Also, a family needs to put aside some of the income for the
future. You definitely know that the money set aside for the future is known
as ‘savings.’ Savings can be used for meeting family needs or emergencies, a
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wedding or higher education, old age security, healthcare or purchasing luxury

items. A family budget saves a family from running into debt. Because, as we
know, a family never runs into debt if it keeps a balance between its incomes
and expenditures. Features of a good budget are-
8
Pleasure in Work
Accurate Accurate Estimate of Reasonable Flexibility

Estimate of Expenses Allocation
Income of Income
To estimate To estimate the expense To ensure Fixing
the sources sectors considering the needs rational allocations for
of income as of different family members. allocation expenditure
accurately as Analysis of the expenses of in such a way
possible in a in the last few months expenditure that changes
given period is necessary to calculate to various in demand in
the possible expenses as sectors different sectors
accurately as possible can be met
Following proper estimation and rationales we need to allocate money for
expenditure in budget in a way that we can meet changes in demand in various
sectors. That means we need to allocate a little extra money to the most essential
sector. As a result, we have the option of spending the amount of money on an
item instead of another one.
Group Work
Let us practice drafting a budget.

Shilpi is the owner of a tailoring house. She has a family of six members-
her aged parents, two children, and
her husband. Shilpi Begum’s husband
also works in the tailoring house with
her, and they grow fish in their home
pond. Shilpi earns around Tk. 20,000
every month, her husband also earns
around Tk. 20,000 They sell fish worth
Tk. 5,000 every month. Their daughter,
Lamia is in grade 7 and the son is in
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1.4: Shilpi Begum is working in the

grade 4. Ramia wants to create a budget
tailoring house with her husband.
for her family. Let us help Lamia make
a possible financial plan. We will try to
list all the possible sectors of expenses.
9
Life and livelihood
Table 1.3: Ramia’s family budget planning
Source of Amount of Expense Allocation Remarks/
Income Income Sector Comments
Total Income Total

Expense
Surplus or Shortage
Drafting family budget

Now we will make a financial plan for our family. The things we need to make
the budget-
● The first thing we need to do is to estimate the possible income of our
family. We will have to discuss this with our family and identify all the
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possible sources.
● We will consult our family members to find out all the possible expense
sectors. We will have to calculate the possible amount of money to be spent
on each sector.
10
Pleasure in Work
Individual Work
Consult with your family members and make a family budget for the next
month. Use the sample table below to make the budget. You can add more
rows in the table, if needed
Table 1.4: Family budget
Name of the Month...............................................................................................
Source of Amount of Major expenditure Details of Allocation

income income sectors major sectors of expenses
Food -Rice …….
-Vegetables ……..
-Fish,Meat,
Eggs,Milk ……..
-Spices ……..
-Others ……..
Housing
Clothing
Education
Transportation
Utility Bills
Healthcare
Entertainment
Mobile Phone/
Internet
Other (Mention)
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Total
Total Expenses
Income
Surplus or Shortage
11
Life and livelihood
Once we make the family budget, let us consult with the family members and do
the following exercises-
● Compare the potential gross income with the planned expenses. Find out
whether the expenditure is higher, less than or equal to the income?
● Which sector has been allocated the highest expenditure? What percentage
of total expenditure is this allocation?
● In which sectors the estimated cost can be minimised?
● Create a plan to minimise expenses.
Account of family income and expenditure
We will keep a record of the income and expenditure from the beginning of the
next month. We will use the table of the finance ledger from the book of Grade
6 for this. Draw the table in your notebook. We will discuss this with our family
members and keep a daily record of income and expenditure in that finance
ledger. Let us add a few more rows to keep the records as needed.
Table 1.5: Finance Ledger
Date Source of Income Expense Expense Comments
Income Sector
Total at the end of the

month
We shall compare now monthly family budget with monthly finance ledger
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Let us find out from the finance ledger how much we spent on which sector.
Let’s calculate the amount of total income from different sources. Now, we will
fill in the table 1.6 which is about the comparison between real income and
planned expenditure.
12
Pleasure in Work
Table 1.6: The Comparison between Planned Income-Expenses and Real
Income-Expenses
Income Projected Real Expense Sector Planned Real Surplus or Deficit
Sector Income Income Expenses Expenses of Expenses
Food
Housing
Clothing
Education
Transportation
Household Bills
Healthcare
Entertainment
Mobile Phone/
Internet
Others
(Mention)
Total Total Expenses
Income
Once you fill in the chart about real income-expenditure do the exercises below
following discussions with the family members.
● Compare the projected income with the real income. If there is any gap
between these two, explain the reasons behind it.
● Find out sectors in which the gap between actual income and planned
income is the largest.
● find out ways to increase savings by reducing expenses
● Let us make a plan to minimise the expenses
Individual Work
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Create a monthly budget at the beginning of a month, record the incomes

and expenses in the finance ledger and compare the real income-expenditure
with the finance plan. Submit the statement to your teacher at the beginning
of every month.
13
Life and livelihood
Identifying the Financial Activities and Assisting with the Financial

Activities
Do you think that you can contribute to increasing the income of your siblings
and your other family members? Or can you contribute to any of their financial
activities? Give it a thought. Yes, you can help with doing household work.
For instance, cleaning the house, sweeping the floor, washing the dishes or the
clothes etc. You can sew clothes, take a tutoring job, grow vegetables or raise
chickens or you can repair the smartphones or gadgets of your family members.
You can help your family members by doing some typing or computer composing
if required. Your family members would have paid money to complete these
tasks. If you do these on your own means you will save your family expenses.
That means you are earning in an indirect way. Also, you can earn by reducing
your expenses. For example, consuming less electricity, gas or water, if you walk
instead of using a rickshaw or even if you use the bus on your way to school,
your family expenses will be less which, in a sense, is a family income.
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1.5: Children’s Participation in Family Work
14
Pleasure in Work
Let’s ask ourselves
Am I
Did I turn off
brushing my
the stove after
teeth with the
cooking?
tap on?
Is the bucket
Did I turn off the overflowing with
light, fan and water while I am
AC ? washing clothes?
Am I talking on Am I wasting
the phone leaving money buying
my electric Iron unnecessary
turned on? things?
1.6 Let’s think!
Group Work
Explain how the above activities help our family financially.
My Word
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Things we will do from now on to increase our family income:
15
Life and livelihood
Case Study: Little Earners
Sumon and Sumi are twins.
Both study in grade 7. From
his childhood, Sumon has had
a great interest in raising ducks
and chickens. He hatches eggs
every few months. Sumon
always happens to have from
10 to 12 ducks and chickens in
stock. Apart from meeting the
demands of eggs and chicken
in the household, Sumon
sells eggs and poultries to
1.7 Suman’s Poultry Rearing his neighbours who buy
those from him. Once he grows up, Sumon plans of making a poultry farm
and delivering poultries to big super shops. On the other hand, Sumi is not
much interested in raising
poultries. Sumi has learnt to
repair mobile phones well.
Sumi’s oldest uncle works
in a mobile service centre in
Dhaka. Sumi has acquired a
bit of repairing skills from her
uncle. In the locality, Sumi is
on everyone’s go-to list for
any phone-related issues.
She has already learnt mobile
coding. She is planning to
start outsourcing besides
studying. Their parents are
happy because both of their 1.7 Sumi’s Mobile Servicing
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kids are involved in income-

generating activities and these activities are also contributing to their academic
results.
16
Pleasure in Work
Question 1: How are Sumon and Sumi assisting their families?
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Question 2: Identify the financial activities from the tasks that you do to assist
your family members and then make a list of these activities in the table below.
The finance related tasks we can

Monetary value (Taka)
assist our family to accomplish
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
17
Life and livelihood
Question 3: Discuss with your parents and make a plan for an income-
generating job which will help you directly to contribute to your family
finance.
Name of the Job:

Plan for the 3rd
Plan for the 1st month Plan for the 2nd Month
Month
Final Outcome:
Guardian’s Feedback:
My Words
Write your plan from above feelings.

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18
Pleasure in Work
Self-Evaluation
1.How do you feel engaging yourself in family budgeting? What new things
have you learnt and how will you implement these skills in your future jobs?
The new skills I have The way these skills

My feelings
learnt can be used
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19
Life and livelihood
2. Tick the activities we have done in this chapter. (put a tick √ mark)
Perfectly-
Not done Partially done
Tasks done
(1) (2)
(3)
Reviewing the tasks done in the last
six months
Calculating the Possible Expenditure
in the Next One Week
Practicing Budgeting
Making a Family Budget
Comparing the Planned Income-
Expenditure with the Real Income-
Expenditure
Identifying the Finance related Tasks
Assisting in the Finance related Tasks
Analysing the Finance Plan from the

Case Study
Planning an Income-Generating Job
Total Score:30
Guardian’s Comment:
My Achievement?
(Identify your
mood according I don’t feel I am happy, but I am pretty happy;
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to your good; It is very it is essential From now on, I will

achievement) vital to know to know more regularly practice in
more about about each order to develop my
each topic of topic in details. competencies so that I
this chapter. can achieve the goal.
20
Pleasure in Work
Let us write down the topics of this chapter that I need to understand better
Let’s write down the tasks that I need to practice more on a regular basis
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21
Life and livelihood
Transformation of Occupation
সময় বদলায়, সাথে বদলায় পেশা

দিনবদলে মানিয়ে নেওয়া হো�োক সবার প্রত্্যযাশা।
The demands of life are rapidly changing due to the impact of industrial
revolution. The form or type of profession is changing to meet the
demand. New professions are being created to complement all the
new additions to the way of life. If we can adapt ourselves to those
professions by using creative ideas and critical thinking, our future
journey will be successful
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2222
In urban life, when we wake up in the morning, we hear ‘Chhai Niben Go,
Chhai!’ or when we stand at the door, we see the newspaper already delivered by
the hawker. And in rural life, the milkman comes to deliver milk every morning,
and the chirping of the birds is joined by the shouts of the sellers of sweetened
puffed rice. People of many professions live around us! Peddlers, milkmen,
hawkers, farmers, fishermen, weavers, doctors, shopkeepers, teachers, nurses,
factory workers, electricians, etc., and what not! Every occupation directly or
indirectly contributes to making our daily life easy, wonderful, and comfortable.
In class Six, we have learned a bit about occupations and types of occupations.
Here we will try to know a bit more detail.
Group Work
Reflection: Through group discussion, as per the teacher’s direction, let’s

make a list of the jobs or occupations of the people we see around us. Let’s
use the following box for the task.
Table 2.1: List of Professionals

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23
Life and livelihood
Conceptualization of economic sector

We have noticed that all our relatives, neighbours, and acquaintances do not do
the same job. For example, farmers grow paddy; fishermen cultivate fish. Many
are involved in producing various products in various factories, such as garment
workers are engaged in making clothes, professionals in the pharmaceutical
industry are producing medicines, and many are involved in making furniture.
Many people around us are not directly involved in any production but are
providing various necessary services to society, such as teachers and staff
involved in schools are imparting education and doctors and staff treating sick
people in hospitals, etc. Thus, different types of people do other types of work
in society. These occupations are economically classified, each of which is
called an economic sector. All economic sectors of Bangladesh are divided into
three sectors. Agricultural Sector, Industrial Sector, and Service Sector.
2.1: Professionals from different sectors
Agricultural Crop Production, Fish farming, Livestock rearing & Poulty

Sector rasing
Industrial Garments manufacturing, Chemical production,

Sector Furniture manufacturing
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Service Treatment, Education, Sales and Servicing of Product,

Sector Marketing
24
Now we will learn about the three main sectors of the economy of Bangladesh
and the successive changes in the sectors over time.
Agricultural Sector
The agricultural sector encompasses
activities like cultivation, sowing seeds, crop-
plant care, harvesting, etc., to the collection,
storage, preservation, and marketing of
produce. Besides crop production, fish
farming, animal husbandry, and forestry are
also included in the agricultural sector. If we
talk about cotton, farmers produce cotton
and sell it in the market. But farmers do not
make clothes from cotton. So, the farmer’s
cotton production issues are included in the Image 2.2: Agricultural Sector
agriculture sector.
Agriculture is one of the most important sectors in the economy of Bangladesh.
After independence, there is a continuous growth of other sectors, yet the
agricultural sector’s contribution has not decreased. The agricultural sector has
a huge contribution to the economy of Bangladesh because of the continuous
improvement in food production and the agricultural sector being the main
source of rural employment. Basically, the agricultural sector consists of four
sub-sectors, including crop production, livestock, fisheries, and forest resources.
Industrial Sector
In our daily life, we use many things that do
not come directly from nature. For example,
we don’t get the clothes we use directly from
the farmers. Hoarders buy cotton from farmers
and sell it to factories. Yarn and cloth are made
from cotton in industries or factories. That is,
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it is collected from nature and processed in

factories to make it into something we use.
Thus, many other products have to be processed
in industrial plants. Natural resources, raw
materials, or primary products are converted Image 2.3: Industrial Sector
into consumables through factory-based manufacturing systems.
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Life and livelihood
The industrial sector covers such activities. With the advancement of technology,
we are thus becoming more and more dependent on processed products. As
a result, the industrial sector’s contribution to Bangladesh’s economy has
increased since its independence.
Service Sector
Besides the agricultural and industrial
sectors, one more sector that
contributes to making our life easy
and smooth is the service sector. As
for clothing, farmers produce cotton,
which is turned into yarn and cloth in
the industry. But we don’t get clothes
directly. Without sales management
and tailoring services, we would not
have been able to make the garments
we like. Again, mobile phone service.
Can you imagine what life would be
like if it didn’t exist? Mobile phone
Image 2.4: Service Sector
service is no longer just a means of
communication; we can use it to search for information and to study. In class
six, we learned about banking. Without banking services in this age, we would
have been in danger! There are many services like education, the Internet, and
medical services, without which we cannot imagine our present life. These
service activities continue to contribute significantly to our economy. Services
are economic activities through which these immaterial goods are produced,
that is, which are not visible but fulfill various human needs and have exchange
value. In Bangladesh, services are generated in the fields of education, health,
marketing, hotels and restaurants, transport, communication, banking,
information technology, etc.
Groug Work
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a. Now, in groups, in the light of the above descriptions of agricultural, industrial and
service sectors, classify the occupations or jobs listed in Table 2.1 into agricultural,
industrial and service sectors
b. Besides occupations in your area, add the names of other occupations or jobs
common in Bangladesh in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors to the table
below.
26
Table 2.1: Economic Sector-wise list of occupations or jobs
Name of occupation or Name of occupation or Name of occupation or
job in Agricultural Sector job in Industrial Sector job in Service Sector
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27
Life and livelihood
Continuous transformation of economic sectors in response to technology

and demand
There was a time when a rickshaw or van puller a vegetable seller in a van or a
hawker or the rural or urban people of this category could not even dream of
going to a bank. It has changed dramatically in the last decade due to mobile
services and technology. Now they can connect with the bank by clicking on
the mobile phone button and send money anytime, anywhere. By pulling
rickshaws in the city, the rickshaw-puller sends the earned income of the whole
day to his loved ones in the village at the end of the day. Again, many are doing
small business transactions at home. As a result, the previous interest business
of the village no longer works. The village people are leaving their previous
occupations and joining new occupations. Our country had no technology to
Image 2.5: Money transactions by a rural woman through mobile phones
send money through mobile phones a decade ago. But now, it has become a
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part of people’s daily life. Many people in towns and villages have joined it and
found a way of income here.
Even twenty years ago, farmers would plough the land with bullocks, harvest
the crops with their own hands, and make rice from paddy by a dheky. All the
28
work had to be done by hand. But in the last few years, due to the widespread
use of technology in the agricultural sector, farmers no longer have to plough
the land; they cultivate the land with the help of tractors. Rice is harvested
using machines, and rice is made from paddy using machines. As a result, as
agricultural production has increased, the demand for labour in agriculture has
decreased due to the use of machinery.
Group Work
Using Table 2.2, you have prepared a list of occupations or jobs in agricultural,
industrial, and service sectors in groups. Find out how these occupations or
jobs have changed in the last 20 years. Find out whether the demand for any
occupation or job has decreased or increased over the previous 20 years.
Also, list any occupations or jobs that have disappeared in the last 20 years.
For this, you can discuss it with your family or local elders or take the help of
the Internet, newspapers, or any other books.
Table 2.2: Change in occupation or job in different sectors

Agricultural Sector Industrial Sector Service Sector
Name of Pattern of Name of Pattern of Name of Pattern of

occupation change occupation change occupation change
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29
Life and livelihood
From the above table and group work, you must have understood that every
occupation has changed over time. Technology has touched every profession.
Along with that, the demand for some occupations has decreased while the
demand for some occupations has increased. Some occupations may have
disappeared completely. Can you imagine occupation of which sector has
relatively decreased or increased in demand?
Domestic Labour Market
You have worked out what changes in the patterns and demands of various
occupations in your area have taken place over the past 20 years. Now we will
see what kind of changes have happened in the domestic labour market in the
last twenty years. You might have wondered what the labour market is! You
often see common markets like vegetables, fish, cloth, etc. In this market, a
group of people who are sellers brings different types of goods or products for
sale. Again, a group of people come to purchase those goods or products; they
are buyers. So, a market needs buyers, sellers, and goods or products. A seller in
the labour
Percentage of employment in various sectors of domestic labour
market from 2000 to 2020.
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Image 2.6: Graph of Country labour market

market is anyone who wants a job. A buyer is an organization or a person who
wants to purchase labour for his organization or for his own needs, such as a
landowner who needs agricultural labour to plough his land, a garment factory
needs garment workers, and a school needs teachers.
30
In the labour market, like the general market, a group of people sells their labour as
sellers, and another group of people or organizations buy labour for specific needs.
The domestic labour market or national labour market consists of the total
population willing and able to work economically, which is the labour market
supply and the total economic work opportunities or demand. The form of the
domestic labour market changes over time. Labour market demand depends on
the use of technology in economic activity and the type of economic activity. In
the past, the demand for manual labour was high due to the relatively low use of
technology. But with the use of technology in economic activities, the demand
for manual labour is gradually decreasing. For example, agricultural work is
now not only manual labour oriented. Due to the use of technology in agriculture,
an agrarian labourer needs to be proficient in operating agricultural machinery.
Earlier, typewriters were used. Now the work of a typewriter is done through a
computer; as a result, those who were involved in the work of a typewriter will
not get work if they do not know the work of a computer. Earlier, most of the
people of Bangladesh were involved in agriculture. As modern technology was
less used in agricultural work, many labourers were needed. Today, the same
amount of work requires fewer workers due to the use of technology. Again,
with the country’s development, the number of factories and industrial
establishments is increasing daily. So, the demand for work in mills is rising.
Along with economic development, the demand for various service economic
sectors has increased to make people’s lives easier. Compared to the past, the
demand of service sectors like education, treatment, business, office, banking
has increased. At the same time, the demand for occupations related to these
services has also increased and these jobs require specific skills.
Group work
The percentage of change in labour demand in various economic sectors over

time is shown in the graph above. Find out the trend of change in the domestic
labour market through group discussion-
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● Changing trends in the agricultural sector

● Changing trends in the industrial sector
● Changing trends in the service sector
● Comparative employment condition of agricultural and service sectors
in changing trends
31
Life and livelihood
Exploring Future Career Skills

You have already found out what changes have taken place in the work of various
occupations in the last twenty years. This trend of change certainly does not end
here. That means the work of different economic sectors will not be the same in the
future as it is now.
Due to constant changes in technology, occupations that are in high demand today
may not be in demand 10 years from now. As a result of various technological
inventions, many human jobs are being taken over by machines. But on the one hand,
as people are losing some jobs, new job fields are also being created. However, the
amount of human physical work is decreasing and the field of intellectual work is
expanding. Instead of sitting at home, many have chosen freelancing as a career after
getting trained in a particular field. Some people have left the Nine-to-Five jobs. Its
effects are everywhere. As a result, the employer has to think of an alternative to the
normal worker. Also, job candidates are joining multifaceted professions instead
of staying in one job. Corona virus has taught us how to do office work without
going to office. Work had to be continued with the office closed during Corona.
After Corona, many organizations are no longer doing office work like before. They
are working from home. This requires digital technology skills. Many of you must
have sat at home and studied on TV during Corona. Also, many teachers have taken
classes online and you have participated in them. Managing these new types of
systems requires new types of skills. Again, many previous skills are becoming
unnecessary.
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Image 2.7: Office meeting from home
32
We will try to get information on this through panel discussions. A panel discussion
method is a special form of general discussion method. These discussions usually
consist of pre-nominated panels with experts in the respective fields. The panel
members think well and discuss the topic with each other in the light of the
necessary theory, information or their experience sitting on a high platform in
front of everyone. We will conduct one such panel discussion in our classroom.
How can I manage this discussion program?
On behalf of the school, we will invite an entrepreneur from an agriculture-
related profession, an industrial entrepreneur and an entrepreneur from the
service sector to this discussion. They will participate as key negotiators. Our
teacher will conduct the main discussion. Continual presentation of the topics
discussed in the respective subject and others present (Teachers of any other
subject or any interested parent
Panel Discussion
with Professionals
2.8: Panel Discussion
can also participate in the discussion) can join in the discussion. A panel
discussion will feature an entrepreneur telling their start-up story. He will tell
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everyone how he overcame various obstacles to reach where he is today. We will

all listen attentively to their stories. If we have any questions, we will write them
down. We will ask them questions in the question and answer session and find
the answers.
33
Life and livelihood
The following topics may come up in the discussion in sequence:

1. Venture start-up stories.
2. Current status and challenges.
3. Concept of what kind of changes may come in this sector in future, i.e.
discussion of what kind of occupations may emerge in the changed situation
4. Discuss what skills may be needed to adapt with these changes.
5. Discuss how job skills can be acquired in new situations.
6. Discuss what kind of preparation you need to take now to adapt with
the changes as student.
Fill in the box below according to the teacher’s instructions.

Box 2.2: Skills and preparation needed to adapt to change
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34
Case: Success of Abir

Abir joined the service a year after completing his studies in agriculture. His company
name is Sonali Krishi Services Limited. Basically, the job of this company is to provide
necessary advice to marginal farmers at the field level on various agricultural issues.
Abir has already earned quite a reputation as an officer.
One day some farmers in a locality came and told their office head that production of
potato is not good enough. With an adequate amount of fertilizers, the desired benefits
are not obtained. He tasked Abir to find a solution to the matter. Abir eagerly took
up the responsibility and tried to understand the problem. He formulated a plan to
accomplish the task. That is why he first went to the farmers and listened attentively to
their problems and even went to the fields to see the crops. He began to think deeply
about the matter and tried to find out the cause of the problem. He tried to remember
whether he had come across any such problem before and how he had solved it then.
However, he was not alone in thinking about the problem. As part of the plan, with the
approval of the Head of Office, formed a team with other concerned colleagues in the
office. He organized a meeting to discuss the problem, made everyone aware of the
matter and asked them to think about how to solve the stated problem. According to the
plan, everyone in the team was asked to distribute their responsibilities and find possible
solutions. The team members started researching various reports from different sources
about such problems and ways to solve them. However, Abir was not sitting either. He
also started reading various agricultural journals, reports and news. He wrote down
in his diary the many possible alternative solutions and the various aspects of their
possible advantages and disadvantages in their implementation. Then on the appointed
day, Abir sat with his team members. Ask the team members to present their proposed
solutions to the issue.
He listened to everyone’s views and finally presented his ideas on possible solutions
to the existing problems. He chose the most acceptable solution after discussing the
possible pros and cons of all the proposals and various aspects of implementation. All
the members of the party thanked all the members of the party. He then went to the
farmers and shared the solution with them. Farmers agreed with Abir’s possible solution
process. As per Abir’s advice, the farmers took action. Abir was closely monitoring
the solution process and took necessary steps to resolve minor issues. This is how he
helped to increase production of potato to desired level and put a smile on the farmers’
face. Abir also got a promotion for the success of this work.
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What traits have you noticed in Abir that you think contributed to his success? What
characteristics of Abir do you think you have?
How do you think these traits can help in career
Individual Work development? What is your plan to be as efficient
as Abir?
35
Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. Do you want to see yourself working in the future? If you want to establish
yourself in the sector, what are the basic skills required? What skills do you
think you lack? What other skills should be practiced to make yourself
suitable for the sector?
The sector I want

to see myself
working in
The basic skills

that will be
required there
In which sector
you are partially
skilled in
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Which skills
should be practiced
from now on
36
2. The things we have done in this chapter (Put a tick √ mark)
Could Not P a r t i a l l y Well-done

Tasks Be Done Done (2) (3)
(1)
Making a list of Occupations
Putting the Occupations in the
Agriculture, Industry and Service
Sector
Analysing the Trends in domestic
labour market demand
Preparing the Skills needed to adapt to
Change
Exploring basic Skills by Reviewing
Cases
Making a Plan for Future Career
Total Score:30 The Score I Obtained:
My Guardian’s Comment:
My Achievement?
I
(Identify your don’t feel good;
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mood according It is very vital I am happy, but I am pretty happy;

to your it is essential From now on, I will
to know more to know more regularly practice in
achievement) about each about each order to develop my
topic of this topic in details. competencies so that I
chapter. can achieve the goal.
37
Life and livelihood
Let us write down the topics of which I need to have a better

understanding of this chapter.
Let’s write down the tasks that I need to practice more on a regular
basis.
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38
Dreams of Future
পাখির মতো�ো ডানা মেলে নীল আকাশে উড়ব

একপলকে বিশ্বটাকে মুঠো�োয় বন্দী করব।
That day is not far away! The day has perhaps come
to dominate the new world by translating the language
of many more creatures from other plants like aliens!
Many dreams of the imaginative mind have come true
today. So come on, dream more and more and prepare
us a new to travel the new world
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3939
Life and livelihood
Let’s go back to the past. On a sweet afternoon 30 to 40 years ago, someone
walked gently on the soft grass! He talked to someone invisible! When the people
of that time saw this scene, they would say to him, ‘what a madman!’ Think
about it for a while and tell me, if we see this scene today, will we do the same?
We often see this scene now! Someone is walking, putting the ear buds in his
ears, and talking to another on the other end. May be the one on the other side is
far away from the speaker! Interestingly, in a novel called ‘Fahrenheit 451’
published in 1953, there was a story of such a time of the future world. The
future of that imagination is today’s present!
In class six, we learned about several such technologies of the future. Some
of these technologies were fantasy, such as the time machine. We don’t know
whether the time machine will be invented in the future or not. Some technologies
exist today and will continue to be used in the future, such as 3D printing. In fact,
there have been changes
in different occupations
along with the change in
technology in the world
over the ages. For example,
the occupation of vestiwala
was common in Bangladesh
in the nineteenth century. At
that time, there was no fresh
water supply line in various
houses. vestiwalas used to
carry water in bags called
‘Mashak’ made of animal
skin and sold that water to
ordinary people.
Image 3.1: Vestiwala

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In the present age, that particular occupation called vestiwala has disappeared.
But the occupation of hawker to sell various products by ferrying on the streets
still remains. Who knows whether a hawker’s occupation will exist in the future?
May be the robot hawker will take over the job of the human hawker!
40
Dreams of Future
A very popular occupation was driving a horse-drawn cart or coachman a few
centuries ago. Coachman’s job was transporting people and various goods from
one place to another by horse cart. Coaches and horse-drawn carriages are now
seen in very few places. Instead, we see drivers of cars, rickshaw-pullers, etc.
Someday, humans may not even be seen as drivers; cars will run automatically.
That means that the occupation of car drivers may also disappear someday.
Image 3.2: Photo of a horse-cart
Many such occupations may disappear in the future, that is, people will no
longer do the work of those occupations. However, with the advancement of
technology, many new occupations have appeared which could not have been
imagined even a few decades ago! We will learn about several such technologies
and occupations in this chapter. In this case, we have selected all the technologies
and occupations that are already present and will be in huge demand soon.
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Before that, let’s try to predict such technologies and occupations. Below are
several metaphorical pictures that signal such technologies and occupations.
Let’s see if we can think about them from our imagination!
41
Life and livelihood
If we can’t think of any, there’s nothing wrong with that. Let’s write what we
guess.
Image 3.3
Image 3.4 Academic Year 2024
42
Dreams of Future
Image-3.5
Image-3.6
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Image-3.7
43
Life and livelihood
Looking at all the pictures given above, you might not understand which
picture is about which work? Here, we have illustrated some very recent
occupations that you might not be familiar with. So, you may have a problem
to understand which person in the picture is from which occupation. Don’t
worry; we are going to get to know about these occupations right now. To do
that, let us read the following story.
A Day in 2041
Good morning! Wake up; a new day is
welcoming you !’
Propa wakes up at the sweet sound of Robot
Hena 4.0. Propa is a Big Data Engineer.
Today is March 26, 2041. The Government
of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has
organized a special program to celebrate
the 71st Independence Day of Bangladesh.
There, some extraordinary personalities
will be honoured by the state for their
significant contribution to various sectors
of the country; Propa is one of them. Today
is an important day in Propa’s life, besides
being the Independence Day of Bangladesh.
Propa turns round and finds that her seven- Image 3.8: Cooking by Robot’s
year-old daughter Shruti had also woken up.
Good morning, mom. Happy Independence
Day!
Hearing Shruti’s words, Propa hugs her happily.
‘Mamoni, you have woken up. Today is a very happy day for our country. Go
and brush your teeth.’
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Saying this, Propa herself gets up from the bed.

After a while, Propa and Shruti wait for breakfast at the dining table.
At this time, robot Hena 4.0 appeared on the table with breakfast.
44
Dreams of Future
Shruti is an inquisitive child. She has questions and curiosity about everything.
Shruti asks her mother suddenly, ‘Well, mom, Hena is a robot. How does she
prepare breakfast for us? No work can be done without learning. How did Hena
learn to make breakfast?’
Hearing this question, Poapa says, ‘There is a special technology called artificial
intelligence. Just as a human learns and does a task by following a series of
steps, a machine is taught how to do a new task. This is how artificial intelligence
experts have taught robots like Hena how to cook. So, Henna can cook for us
and bring it back to the dining table. The whole thing has been taught to Hena
through a computer program.’
Image 3.9: Refrigerator of future
After breakfast, Propa suddenly notices a message on her mobile phone saying,
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‘Eggs have run out in the fridge, please order eggs from the nearest store.’
Shruti asks her mother, ‘What happened, mother? Has father sent any message
on the mobile phone?’
Shruti’s father, Raihan is currently staying in America on business. So Shruti
45
Life and livelihood
often misses her father.
Propa said, “No, Mamoni.” Your father didn’t message. A notification from our
fridge that the eggs have run out.’
This time, Shruti is surprised and says, “Yes, mom, earlier I have seen the
fridge give such a notification when any food is over. But how does the fridge
do it? The fridge is only a machine!’
Propa smiles and says, ‘Not just fridges, all our electronic devices are connected
to a network through the Internet. This special network uses a technology which
is called the Internet of Things or IoT. In IoT technology, any device connected
through the Internet can be controlled from any part of the world. A particular
sensor in the refrigerator keeps track of the number of each food in the fridge.
When a food item runs down, a particular message is sent to my mobile phone
via the Internet from that sensor - this food is finished. Not only the fridge,
television, lights, and fans, everything in the house can be controlled from a
mobile phone because of IoT. Even your father sitting in America can control
these devices in our home if he wants. IoT engineers do this excellent work.’
Shruti is quite surprised listening to her mother. More questions come into
Shruti’s mind. So Shruti asks her mother again, ‘Well, mom, everything is
connected to the Internet. If the Internet does not work, the devices cannot be
operated. Isn’t it risky?’
It is digital
Do they know marketing!.
Magic?
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Image 3.10: Inquisitive Shruti with her mother
46
Dreams of Future
Propa listens to her daughter’s question and says, ‘Yes, if the Internet does not
work, then the devices can be controlled manually, as people used to do earlier.
But there is another risk. There are criminals in the internet world who try to
steal people’s personal information from online networks or computers. Again,
they try illegal work by hacking people’s accounts in various online channels
and logging in. Even in this way, these criminals try to hack various devices
connected to IoT technology and use them for illegal purposes.’
Hearing this, Shruti gets a little worried and says, ‘Then, they are not good
people, mother! How do you stay safe online or on the Internet?’
Assuring Shruti, Propa says, ‘To prevent those who try to commit such crimes
online and for the safety of users of various online services, cyber security
technology is there. Using this technology, our country’s cyber security experts
protect the security of various online platforms. Even our country’s law
enforcement agency has a cyber security department. They are the ones who
detect any online crime and catch the cybercriminals. As a result, we do not have
to worry about this security.’
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Image 3.1: Cyber Security
47
Life and livelihood
Hearing this, Shruti feels a little relieved again. At that time, Propa sees some
notifications on online social media. Suddenly she notices, that social media
was showing her an, ‘Visit.com now to buy fresh chicken eggs.’
Propa calls Shruti and shows the advertisement. Being quite surprised, Shruti
says, ‘We must buy chicken eggs. But why did this advertisement show this?
Did they know by some magic that we were looking for chicken eggs!’
Hearing her daughter’s words, Propa smiles and says, ‘They don’t know magic.
But they have used a special technology, which is called digital marketing.
This social media knows what I have searched for at various times. I have
also searched earlier about eggs and from which shop I can order eggs. Since
the medium understands that I am looking for chicken eggs, it markets or
advertises eggs to me on this digital platform. Similarly, by analyzing all users’
activities, interests, preferences, etc., ads related to that user are shown on
this platform. At present, the task of digital marketers is how easily they can
reach the advertisement of their products to the target customers on the digital
platform.’
For that time, Shruti does not have any more questions. Both Propa and Shruti
get ready to go to the Independence Day function. Now it’s time to go to the
event by car.
Propa likes to drive herself, so she switches off the car’s automatic mode and
starts driving. Propa has a special spectacle attached to her eyes. The information
about driving on the road, how fast the car is going, etc. are displayed in those
glasses. Propa is driving the car following it. In addition, the special glasses
inform the speaker where there are any buildings on the road. Shruti was
watching the outside scene through the car’s window.
At that time Propa says, ‘Let me introduce you to one more technology. The
glasses I have show the instructions for the roads to take. It is happening using
augmented reality technology. This technology can be called an enhanced
version of the real world. A computer-generated extra step adds to what we
see in reality. As a result, I get a new feeling that is different from reality. I
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am experiencing everything happening in the real world, and the computer-

generated extra step allows me to create new information and experiences
through sound, video, graphics, etc. Again, I can control the whole thing
through voice commands. We can also experience the world of augmented
reality through mobile phones besides the smart glasses I am using.’
48
Dreams of Future
Shruti was listening to her mother very attentively. She says, ‘Thank you very
much, mother. I have learned about many new technologies today!’
Image 3.12: Augmented reality through special spectacle
In the meantime, Propa and Shruti have arrived at the main event venue. The
program is ongoing. At one point, the Honourable Prime Minister of the People’s
Republic of Bangladesh says, ‘We are celebrating the 71st Independence Day
today. Today is a very happy day for us. Today, we would like to honour various
important people who have played an important role in the development of
Bangladesh. First, I want to say about the prominent Big Data Engineer.’
‘You must know that there was a big problem in Bangladesh in the past; every
year, there were floods, and many people were left homeless. We had information
about how much rain there was on which days and how much water rose in
which areas every year. The scope of this information was vast and messy. At
such a time, a group of Big Data Engineers came forward. In big data technology,
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many messy information can be sorted by following specific algorithms and

using that information to solve a specific problem. Our engineers have made a
model based on the data of annual rainfall and water level, from which we now
understand in advance how much rain is likely to occur in which area this year
and how much water may rise in which area. Not only that, how much the dams
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Life and livelihood
in different areas can be kept operational, and the flood situation can be brought
under control by keeping the navigability of different rivers normal that is also
being collected from this model. As a result, the risk of millions of people being
affected is reduced. We are honouring Propa, the team leader of Big Data
Engineers, for this ground-breaking work.’
Image 3.13: What an amazing dream!
Everyone congratulates Propa with applause.

At that time, Shruti suddenly wakes up and jumps up to sit on her bed.
Today is January 1, 2024.
Shruti becomes quite surprised when she suddenly wakes up.
Shruti was dreaming for so long! Oh! Today is the first day of the year. Shruti is
promoted to class seventh. She will get some new books at school! But what a
beautiful dream Shruti has dreamt.
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Will something like this happen in 2041? Shruti does not know. Shruti quickly
gets up and starts getting ready to go to school.
50
Dreams of Future
Looking for future technology
Group Work
In the above story, we have learned about several technologies that will
become important in the near future. Write the names of such technologies in
the table below. Also, in light of the idea that we have got about the technology
from the story, let’s imagine that technology can be used in some fields for
human welfare. Let’s discuss it in groups and write it here.
Technology Field of use
1.
Big Data
2.
.............
3.
............
4.
............
5.
............
6.
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............
Teacher’s Remarks
51
Life and livelihood
Single task icon
Now imagine and choose such a technology field as your future career.
Imagine your own occupation, draw a picture of yourself, and write from
your imagination what contributes you want to make in that occupation for
welfare of your country.
Name of my occupation
My preferred field of technology
A picture of me working in this imaginary occupation
Various responsibilities I perform in this imaginary profession
Academic Year 2024
52
Dreams of Future
Group Work
Each group discusses themselves and prepares a script for a play. Create a
(maximum 5- minutes) play on how our society will change due to various
modern technologies in 2041. In the play, the group members will act in
different occupations.
Through our performance, the people of various professions mentioned above
will show their role in the welfare of society.
We will enjoy each group’s plays and, if possible, video capture them on
camera
How contrasting are the world of today and the world of hundred years ago,
aren’t they? Technology has changed many things! Again, our imaginative minds
have sometimes given technology something to work on. Much of the imagination
of a time is becoming real in front of us today. We find another fictional movie
story in “2001: A Space Odyssey” of 1968.
The movie shows, a man from space wishing his daughter on Earth on occasion
of her birthday. A special computer in the spacecraft is being used for this. He was
talking on video call from a computer. Today that fantasy has become a reality in our
homes. With one click, the smiling faces of loved ones on the other side of the world
are displayed on the phone screen!
Again, how many scientists,
researchers, programmers, service
providers, and other talented
professional workers are working
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behind this screen? So, we dream

of the future, dream of making
dreams come true, and build
ourselves accordingly.
53
Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. What technology do you want to work with in the future? What do you
know about technology? What other skills do you need to practice right now
to make yourself fit to work with that technology?
The technology that I What I know about Which skills I need to
want to work with. that technology. practice from now on to
work with that technology.
Academic Year 2024
54
Dreams of Future
2. Things we have done in this chapter... (Put a Tick √)
Could not Did Did well

Tasks
do (1) partially (3) (5)
Searching for new technologies and
occupations
Reading the story ‘A Day in 2041’
Imagining the use of future
technologies for human welfare
Making a script of story of
contributing to the welfare of
the country in the occupation of
tomorrow
Making a play about the changes
that will come in our society due to
modern technology
Participation in the play
Total Score: 30 My Score:
My parent’s comments:
Teacher’s Comments:
My Achievement?
I
Academic Year 2024

55
Life and livelihood
The topics in this chapter that I need to know better
The tasks that I need to continue to practice regularly
Academic Year 2024
56
Financial Insight
যুক্তি মেনেই কিনি মো�োরা

যুক্তি দিয়েই বেচি
অপ্রয়ো�োজনে জিনিস কিনে
অপচয় নাহি করি।
দামী হলেই হয় না ভালো�ো
কমদামীটাও নয়
জিনিস কিনে ন্যায্য দাম
তাইতো�ো দিতে হয়।’
Academic Year 2024
57
Life and livelihood
Ranu’s Story
Ranu’s mother gives her ten taka everyday at the time of going school. With
that money, she buys puffed rice, olive, spiced mango, singara etc. to eat. She
does not spend all of her tiffin money, she always saves some. She has a total
savings of 110 takas till now. Today is her younger brother Ratul’s birthday.
She bought a set of colour pencils for Ratul for 70 taka from her savings. Ratul
became very glad to have the colour pencils from his elder sister. Ranu too felt
very good to see Ratul happy.
Her mother bought a cake on the occasion of Ratul’s birthday. But she forgot
to bring coloured candles. So, she went to the shop with Ranu and bought
fruits and a set of candles chosen by Ranu. When they came back home, they
saw most of Ratul’s friends had already arrived, and they all were wishing
Ratul on his birthday and giving him presents. Ratul was giving thanks to
them for those presents.
Image : 4.1 Ranus’ Shopping

At about 9 pm, his chhoto mama came to their house. All of their family
members became surprised and delighted at his sudden visit of chhoto mama.
Academic Year 2024
The next day, choto mama took Ranu and Ratul to the Children’s park , and
there they enjoyed riding the train, nagordola and other rides. He bought
balloons for both of them and also a toy car for Ratul. Then he took them to
a shopping mall, where he purchased some clothes for their family. Ranu and
Ratul were so delighted to have the new clothes.
58
Financial Insight
Group Work
Read the story of Ranu. Make a list of how many transactions took place in
the story. Find out the number of monetary transactions.
Chart 4.1: Transactions
If the transaction is monetary,

Serial
Details of the transaction write “Yes”, and if is it not
Nos.
monetary, write “No”.
As social beings, men are dependent on one another. At every moment, we

take help and cooperation from each other to survive. Moreover, we everyday
exchange or transact various types of commodities or services among ourselves.
All the things we exchange or transact are not of the same type. Some exchanges
or transactions are related to money while some are not. For example, buying ice
cream is a transaction. To perform this transaction, we receive ice cream from
its seller, and we give him money in exchange of it. Again, the rickshaw-puller
provides us service by taking us from one place to another, and for his service,
we pay him money as fare. This too is an exchange or transaction. In the same
way, transactions like buying books and notebooks, selling vegetables etc. are
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related with money, for which these transactions are called financial transactions.
On the other hand, when exchanging books between two friends, we take books
from each other, but we do not give any money to each other. So, this type
of exchange cannot be called a financial exchange. In financial exchange, at
least two persons or two parties take part, and they exchange money, wealth or
service between them.
59
Life and livelihood
Individual Work
As per instruction of the first chapter, you must have regularly written down
each month’s transactions in the financial diary. Following your teacher’s
instruction, fill in the table below as per the records in your financial diary
for the last week.
Chart 4.2: Statement of family transaction for one week.

Description
Amount Given/
of the
Date of Transaction Purchase of goods received
transacted
transaction made by or sale or price ( in
goods or
services Taka)
services
self Notebook Purchase 2 40
Guardian’s
Opinion
Teacher’s
comment
Rational Financial Transaction

Doing the financial transaction is a very important work in our everyday life.
Usually, we transact according to our needs. But many times, we also get into
trouble when performing these transactions, and sometimes we are in the mood
Academic Year 2024
of winning. Now we will listen to a story about the transaction.

Rafiq and Razu are two friends. They live in the same neighbourhood and play
together. Today when playing was over, Rafiq told Razu he would take part in
the science fair that year with a project on environment–friendly house-building.
60
Financial Insight
On hearing this, Razu felt very excited and wanted to know about the project.
Rafiq told, ‘None of the project materials has been collected yet. But I have told
my chhoto chacha, and he will go to the market to buy me all the necessary
essentials.
Image 4.2: Starting for the market

Next Friday, Rafiq, with his chhoto chacha (younger uncle) started to the market
to buy the necessary things for the science project. Razu also accompanied them.
The market was far from their house, so they were to go there by rickshaw or bus.
Though at first, his younger uncle thought of going there by rickshaw, finally he,
along with them, started for the market by bus. Rafiq said to his uncle, ‘We could
have taken rickshaw, but why did you get the bus instead?’ On hearing his words,
the younger uncle said laughing, ‘Travelling by rickshaw would be more costly
and would take more time too.’ At this Rafiq thought his younger uncle to be a
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little bit miserly. But he said nothing more about that matter.
In the market, they met other friends who came there to buy the project materials.
They bought trays, small lights, colour paper, fences etc. for their projects. Rafiq
eagerly asked them about the price of each of those items. All the necessary
things were available in a big shop. The shopkeeper asked for 1500 taka in total.
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Life and livelihood
Uncle requested the shopkeeper to take less, but he did not agree. Uncle, saying
nothing more, came out of the shop and entered another shop. All the project
things were found there, but Rafiq’s uncle chose seven things out of them and
asked for the price. After hearing he price, uncle told Rafiq, ‘See carefully if
there is any difference between these things and those of the previous shop’.
Rafiq checked those things very carefully but could not find any difference. So,
he asked Razu to check. Razu too found no difference. After buying those things,
uncle took them to another shop and bought the rest of the things from there.
Though he could not buy the bag, his heart got filled with gladness for having all
the things for his science project. But a question came to his head, “Though the
things of both shops are the same, why did the price they asked for varied between
the shops?”
Image 4.3: Buying Project Stuffs
On their way back, uncle asked Rafiq, “ Rafiq, have you understood why I did
not buy things from the previous shop?” Razu told in reply, “I have understood,
Uncle. The previous shopkeeper asked for a higher price but the later shopkeepers
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did not.” Then Rafiq said,“ My other friends surely bought their things from
that shop!” Uncle replied to Rafiq,“ Look dear, the price of everything is
determined based on some of its specific qualities, standards and practical
utilities. Now, if the true price of a thing is less, then why should we pay a high
price for it? Your friends have bought things even without checking their prices.
62
Financial Insight
Besides, you yourself checked the things and found no difference between the
things of the two shops. We ought to pay the proper price for a thing. Remember
that, buying a thing at a higher price does not assure that the thing is good, and
again, if anybody thinks that low price items are bad, that too is not correct.
Everything has a due price for its own value, and we should buy that thing for a
price close to that value.
Group Work
Answer the following questions following group discussion.

● Make a list of the transactions described in the story.
● Explain the rationality of each transaction.
● Is there any lesson in this story that you may follow in your life? if any,
what lesson is that?
Transactions are necessary in almost all spheres of current life. Do I or, my

family always behave rationally when doing transactions? The things that we
need to consider and remember in the case of any transaction are:
● It is not proper to take decisions of any financial transaction without
checking.
● It is not right to think that an item is good if its price is higher.
● When fixing (bargaining) the price, the quality of the item needs to be
checked.
● To know the real price of a thing, the market price needs to be checked.
● We should not make haste at the time of financial transaction.
● Each thing has a price that is known as its fair price. We should buy a thing
at its fair price.
● It is not appropriate to buy anything due to the influence of others.
● It cannot always be profitable to buy things or to do any transaction at a
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lower price. So, when buying things at a lower price, the quality of the item
needs to be checked.
● To buy unnecessary things or things beyond one’s necessity means waste of
money. So such financial transactions need to be avoided.
63
Life and livelihood
Group Work
Read the incidents given below and discuss them in groups. Prepare answers to the questions given in
the box next to each incident.
1
Shafiq and Raihan, two friends, went to buy cricket bats. Raihan chose a bat of a little better
quality. He bought that for 270 taka. On the other hand, Shafiq picked a cheaper bat and
purchased that for 130 taka. Shafiq was glad to be able to buy his bat at a lower price. He said
to Raihan, ‘You are a fool indeed that’s why you bought your bat at a higher price’. After some
days, the cricket match began in the school, and that day, Raihan went there with his bat, but
Shafiq did not bring any bat. When the teacher asked him about his bat, he was upset and said,
‘Sir, just a week ago, I bought a bat, but it is broken now.
What could Shafiq do to save himself from the financial loss he suffered?
2
When returning home from office, Mr. Aslam saw a crowd in the neighbourhood grocery shop
and went there. The people in the shop were talking among themselves, ‘There is a shortage of
salt in the country, and very soon it will be out of the market.’ On hearing that, he immediately
bought 10 kg of salt even at a higher price and went home. Surprised to see so much salt in his
hand, his wife asked, ‘What I will do with so much salt? You did not have to buy so much salt
out of a rumour.’ Within few days salt was being sold at the previous rate.
Why the transaction behaviour of Mr. Aslam is not right?

Academic Year 2024
64
Financial Insight
3
Sima went shopping with her mum. They asked the shopkeeper to give them one packet of
noodles. The shopkeeper proposed a deal that if they buy twelve packets of noodles, they will
get two extra packets. Being tempted by this offer, they bought twelve packets and received
two extra. As they bought too many packets, they could not finish eating all of them in time.
So, some of those noodles were wasted.
Should we be influenced by shopkeeper’s words when buying things? If

“no”, why should not we?
4
Debashish is the class captain. His class teacher asked him to buy some pencils, colour pencils,
art paper and some coloured paper to decorate the classroom. Debashish went to the shop and
found that there were colour pencils and coloured papers of different prices. He gave it a lot
of thought and decided not to buy the pricey materials. He would rather buy a few average
quality pencils and ordinary coloured paper. His teacher became very happy with his rational
purchasing behaviour.
What rationale did Debashish take into consideration while purchasing?

Academic Year 2024
65
Life and livelihood
5
Jamal’s father started a stall during Boishakh Fair. At the beginning of the
festival, they sold some toys with marginal profit. The toys they were selling
were different from the ones in other shops. This is why people were attracted
to their toys. As the fair began to get crowded, they increased the toy price for
making more profits. They managed to sell some toys even at the increased
prices. However, most of the customers left the stall without buying toys from
them. Many of the toys left unsold finally. Not only they failed to make any
profit from the fair, they also faced a huge loss. However, their neighbouring
shops managed to sell all the items. Jamal’s father felt sorry for his foolishness.
Write down the reasons for the decrease in sales in

Jamal’s father’s shop.
What strategies you might adopt to sell your toys in
the Boishakh fair if you want to open a stall at the next
Boishakh fair? Describe your strategies.
Individual Work
Academic Year 2024
In the next week, notice the financial transaction in your family. In the table
below mention the transactions that have not been done with due rational,
according to you.
66
Financial Insight
Chart 4.3 Rationality in Family Transaction

Serial Description of the Why it seems What could have
transaction irrational been done
Guardian’s Signature:
Ethics in Financial Transaction

Raju works with his father at their tea stall. Like every day, he has become
busy with his father in the tea stall. The condensed milk supplier has arrived at
this busy time. A problem regarding the price of condensed milk arises among
them. The price today is higher than that of the previous day. His father and the
Academic Year 2024
supplier are arguing about it. At one point, Joinal, the condensed milk vendor
said, “If you want I can sell the milk even at half-price. Let me know what you
think, I will give you the milk.” Raju’s father did not agree to that proposal. Raju
comes back to the store in the afternoon. Raju asks his father why he did not by
the milk at half price in the morning.
67
Life and livelihood
Image 4.4: Buying and selling at the tea store of Raju
His father says that the milk Joinal wanted to sell at half price has expired the date
of validity. We should not make tea with out-of-date milk. We can profit more
by selling the tea made of that milk but it would mean cheating our customers.
I do not want to do it.’ Such acts are punishable offences under the Consumer
Right Act. Any one can lodge a complaint by calling the National Consumer
Complaint center, phone number- 01777-753668.
On the next morning Raju’s father is busy with household work. So, Raju opens
the store on his own, receives the products from the suppliers and pays them.
After he counts the items, he realises that the bread supplier gave him three extra
loaves of bread and he did not pay the supplier for it. He informs his father of it.
Father says, ‘I will pay him when he comes back tomorrow.’
Group Work
Academic Year 2024
Answer to the following questions following group discussion.

● Why did Raju’s father not agree to buy the condensed milk at a half
price? What is the rationale of paying for the extra three loaves of bread?
Is there any morale in the story that you can apply in your own life? If
so, what is it?
68
Financial Insight
We will always keep in mind that cheating someone

is an evil act. We all should refrain from doing such
things. We should avoid cheating others even though
it brings us financial benefits.
Financial transaction is an important aspect of our life. We do these transactions

to fulfill our daily and future needs. Both parties taking part in the transactions
give importance to their own needs. That is why all parties need to be sincere
and respectful to one another. We need to apply our conscience, consideration,
intelligence, and humane feeling while doing financial transactions. The financial
transactions done by taking all these into consideration will be considered as
ethical transactions. Ethics is particularly important in a financial transaction.
The credibility of the person or a business organization is increased, if their
transactions are done ethically. On the other hand, if someone adopts an unethical
means when doing financial transactions, s/he loses his credibility. As a result,
nobody wants to do any financial transactions with him or her.
We will follow the principles stated below for performing financial transactions
in an ethical way.
● To refrain from buying and selling adulterated goods, even if it brings us profits
● Not to cause harm to anyone while making a profit.
● Not to sell bad products by hiding any fact about it
● To refrain from engaging in any illegal transaction
● To refrain from doing any financial transactions to cheat that person
● Not to destroy the possibility of having profits in the future while making
quick profits at present
● To correct any kind of mistakes during transactions as early as possible
● Not to lie during transactions. If someone is adopting falsehood, call the
complaint number of National Consumer Complaint Center to let them
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know the matter.

● Not to be forceful during any transactions
● Not to take advantage of anyone’s disability, inability, or helplessness
● We have to know the characteristics of genuine notes and be aware of fake
notes while transacting.
69
Life and livelihood
● We have to know the features of genuine notes and should be aware of fake
notes while transacting. Let us know the features of genuine notes:
Academic Year 2024
Image 4.5: The way to identify genuine notes
70
Financial Insight
We face difficulties during shopping. Some shopkeepers cleverly sell rotten

and damaged products to aged customers. Sometimes we also find that we paid
for 100 lychees but received only 80 lychees. Also, sometimes someone takes
the public bus. When the conductor asks for the fare the passenger says, ‘I will
pay later.’ However, the passenger ends up getting down from the bus without
paying the fare. They do not think that these behaviours are corrupting society.
These are completely unethical. We are giving up ethics just for temporary
gains. Therefore, we must refrain from such behaviours.
Group Work
Here are a few stories. Role-play the stories in groups. Read the story and
discuss and write your answers in the boxes next to the stories.
Mr. Enam had a desire to buy a smartphone.

One day he went out with Rasel, his friend,
to a smartphone. Rasel knows where to
get decent-quality phones at a cheap rate.
Mr. Enam happily asked
his friend to take him there. Do you support Mr. Enam’s decision?
After reaching the shop, he If so, why?
found out that the phones are
really cheap but there was no
warranty card with any of the
phones. No original box with
them either. He realised that
this store sells stolen phones.
He came back without buying
anything on that day. The
next day he bought the phone
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of his liking at the right price.
71
Life and livelihood
Selim and Karim are two brothers. They use public buses to travel to
their school as it is far from their home. The bus was really crowded
yesterday on their way back home from school. They paid the
conductor immediately after he
had asked for it. They saw three Do you support what the seniors did
senior students from their school regarding paying the fare? Give reasons
on the same bus. Those seniors for your statement.
told the conductor that they
would pay later. The conductor
became busy collecting fares
from the other passengers. The
bus stopped at Kodomtola and
many passengers got off the
bus there. They noticed that the
seniors left without paying.
Mr Jamal is a simple man. Yesterday he bought a toy car for his son,
Tanvir. He does not have much knowledge of the toys. This is why he
asked the shopkeeper to choose a good toy for his son. The shopkeeper
gave told him that the toy
is imported from a foreign Which condition of ethical
country. However, when he transaction is violated by the shopkeeper
brought it home, the other during transaction?
family realised that the toy is What problems the shopkeeper will have to
a duplicate one. It will not last face because of the unethical transaction?
long. Mr. Jamal became very
sad. He thought where to
complain for the punishment
for the shopkeeper to be a
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liar, dishonest and fraud man.

He would never go back to
that shop again.
72
Financial Insight
Ruba and Ruma are two sisters. They entered a shop on their
way from school to home. There are lots of lovely toys there.
Ruma picked up a ceramic-
made toy and took a look at What is your advice for Ruba and
it. Suddenly, it fell from her Ruma?
hands and broke. As the shop
was crowded, nobody noticed
it. Ruma took this advantage,
placed the toy where it had
been before, and left the
store. They went to another
shop afterwards. She chose
a nice toy there. After much
bargaining, they decided to
buy that at 50 takas. Right
before making the payment,
Ruma realised that the toy
was faulty. So, she did not
want to take it anymore.
However, the shopkeeper
forced them to buy that. They
felt very unhappy for it.
Individual Work
Academic Year 2024
In the next month, notice the financial transactions by you or your family
members or by anyone around you. Which of these transactions was not
ethically right? Write that down.
73
Life and livelihood
Serial no. Description of the Why You Find What Should Have
Transaction the Transaction been Done
Unethical
Guardian’s Opinion:
Teacher’s Opinion:
Winter birds come from different parts of the world during winter in our country
of six seasons. They roam around many water reservoirs. They are known to
us as guest birds. Some opportunistic people catch them and sell them in the
market. And many of us buy them and cook them at home. The act is an offense
punishable under the law of this country. Because, it is destroying natural
diversity. Many guest birds are disappearing due to lack of security. Still we
often commit this misdeed, which is absolutely wrong to do. If we don’t buy
guest birds then this unethical act of buying guest birds will also stop.
Our national fish is Hilsa. They grow at a certain time. However, it can be seen
that some unscrupulous traders catch them when they are young (Jatka) and sell
them at a low price. We also buy these fish in hope of profit and fill our bellies.
It is a violation of our country’s laws. As each jatka gets bigger, the taste and
quality increases. Our foreign income also increases by exporting hilsa outside
the country. So we all need to be more careful in shopping. All purchases must
Academic Year 2024
be made in a reasonable and ethical manner. If you harm others, it will eventually
fall upon our ownselves. So, let us promise altogether,
74
Financial
Financial Insight
Insight
So let us promise together-
‘অনৈতিকতার লেনা দেনা শিখব না।

চুরির জিনিস আমরা কভু কিনব না।
মেয়াদবিহীন ভেজাল জিনিস
নকল করা খারাপ জিনিস
আমরা তো�ো বেচব না।
অনেক বেশি লাভের আশায়

লো�োক ঠকানো�োর খারাপ কাজ, করবো�ো না।
একটুখানি লাভের আশায়
জাটকা মেরে নিধন করা
বন্য প্রাণীর বেচা কেনা মানবো�ো না।
জিতে যাবার রঙিন আশায়

বিবেক ছেড়ে মনের খাদে নামব না।
তবেই মো�োরা মানুষ হবো�ো
আমাদের কেউ দমিয়ে দিতে পারবে না।
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75
Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. Which principles should be followed during any purchase or transactions?
The principles I would follow The ethics I will follow during

during rational transactions- transactions-
Academic Year 2024
76
Financial Insight
2. The things we have done in this chapter… (Put a tick √ mark)
Tasks Could not be Partially Well
Done (1) Done (3) Done (5)
Identifying Transactions in Daily Life
Keeping Account of One Week’s Transaction
Explaining the Concept of Transactions in a

Rational Way
Understanding the Principles of Financial
Transactions in a Rational Way
Analysing the Concepts of Financial
Transactions by verifying different events
Verifying if Our Own Financial Transactions

are Done Logically
Grasping the Principles of the Ethics in
Financial Transactions
Verifying if the Ethics is Maintained in the
Transactions Done
Total Score: 40 Score I Obtained
My Guardian’s Comment:
My Achievement?
I
Academic Year 2024

77
Life and livelihood
Let’s write down the things that I need to know better.
basis.
Academic Year 2024
78
Financial Insight
My life My Aim
ুঁ নিয়ে সাজাই জীবনের পিিঁড়ি

লক্ষষ্য খুজে
দক্ষ হয়ে পাড়ি দিই চ্্যযালেঞ্জের সকল সিিঁড়ি।
We have many dreams about ourselves. Some of
the dreams may become true someday. On the other
hand, some dreams might never meet success. To
become successful, first of all, an individual needs
to know about himself/herself. One needs to identify
one’s area of interest first and then sow the seed of
the required skill development.
Academic Year 2024
79
Life and livelihood
Knowing myself: Changes in Ishan
Ishan is always cheerful but not attentive to his studies. He is enthusiastic
about any school activities though. One day his teacher gets surprised to see
jolly Ishan sitting unhappily in the class and asks: “What’s the matter? Why
are you depressed? Ishan lowers his head. He replies with discomfort: “I was
feeding water to a dog on my way to school. At this, one of my familiar persons
from the neighborhood teased me and commented that those activities would
spoil my life and I would be good for nothing.” The teacher approached him,
affectionately pats his head and says: “That’s not true at all. You have done the
right thing. He has misunderstood you.”
But Ishan’s class teacher is also anxious about his result. After lot of thinking
he makes a table and gives it the title “My path”. He calls Ishan during the tiffin
break and tells him: “You will fill it in by yourself and write down whatever is
true about you. Please return the completed table after two days.”
Ishan enjoys filling in the table. The teacher examines the filled-in table once
it was handed in. He realizes that Ishan has got special admiration for animals.
He would be able to devote full attention and interests to study in the field of
animal care or animal research if he gets the opportunity in the future. The
teacher brings some relevant books from the library and gives them to Ishan to
read at home. Within a few days, Ishan shows some changes in his behavior.
He turns to be attentive in his study.
Group Work
Read the above story carefully. Discuss in the group what caused the changes
in Ishan’s behavior. Explain your views in the class.
Liking or interest and qualification

Liking means fondness for something. That means when we enjoy doing
something, we show our liking for it. And, interest means the willingness to do
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something. Usually, everyone shows interest to do things they like to do. On

the other hand, qualification means physical, mental ability or capacity, or skill.
In short, qualification means the ability or competency to do work. If we feed
interested in some areas or tasks, we can learn them quickly.
That means having interest makes the achievement of a tasks easier. Indomitable
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My life My Aim
desire along with continuous effort and practice help us to ensure quality in us.
Again this can work the other way round. Inadequate capacity might turn a
task impossible despite interest. For example, someone of us might be fond of
animation and might have the desire to make animation cartoon movies in future.
But s/he is very poor at drawing, almost unskilled. In this case, it would be
difficult to make her/him capable even though s/he has an interest in that.
In class six, we filled in a table named “Knowing myself’’’. Then we made a
wish list which you may remember. We are going to fill in the table below in
order to discover ourselves that means, to know our interests and qualification
more clearly:
Table 5.1: Knowing myself
How many
Comments
Things times I did Barriers/Problems/
Work I on the
needed to do the task in Challenges I faced
enjoy quality of
the work the last two while doing the task
the task
months
Scissor, color I found no books to Some
Making paper, glue, learn from, no one to family
flower still wire, a 3/4 times teach me and I had members
(example) bit of strong no facilities to learn have
stick, thread from YouTube. appreciated
3
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Comments
of
classmates
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Life and livelihood
Pair work:
Fill in the table and check it. Give your completed table to your friend sitting
next to you and you observe his table. Discuss or ask for clarification of any
point that might be difficult to understand. Then find out the task in which
your classmate has got both interest and abilities. Write that down in the last
row of the table along with your comments.
Changes in liking or interest and family influence:

With the progress of time our interests, likings, and desires may change. It might
happen that the tasks we used to like or feel interested to during class six are no
more that interesting to us. It is not unusual that likes or interests may change.
Our aims may change as our interests and likes change with age and time. Our
career plan might change as well. We have to consider these changes as normal.
Let us compare our present and past likings to check whether there have been
changes in our interest.
Table 5. 2: Past and present likings
Things I liked/loved doing in

the past
Things I like/love to doing now
Reasons for the changes in my

likings
Area in which there are support

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and assistance from the family
Our family support plays an important role in determining our aims. In many
cases family lineage, financial capacity, values, attitudes, etc. influence our
liking and interest. In such a situation we can talk to our family members openly
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My life My Aim
and share our thoughts about our interests and qualification. We can logically
present the reasons for the choice to our family and can ask their favour. We
need to consider the views of our family too. What they think about what we
are more suitable for needs to be focused on. We can consider their opinion too
if that seems rational. Moreover, it is usual that time may change our aims. So,
we don’t need to fix a particular aim right now. We can arrange a debate in the
class on the aim of life.
Image : 5.1 Debating

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Life and livelihood
Topic for debate

Eagerness is the only defining factor in setting the aim of life
Rule
The students should be divided into two groups. Teams in favor of or against the
motion will be selected through a lottery. Discuss and nominate three competent
speakers for each team. Decide who will be the first, second, and third speaker
and the team leader. The remaining students will provide information and
arguments for their team. Discuss in a group and prepare scripts for each of the
three speakers. (In one class you will prepare the speech and in another class,
there will be the debate session)
Time allocation
From the two teams speaking for and against the motion, each of the speakers
will get four minutes and each team will get 12 minutes in total. (Total time for
two teams, 12 x 2 =24) After the individual speech from each team, the team
leaders each will get two minutes extra time.
Time tracker
One will take the responsibility for time tracking. One minute before finishing
the speech of every debater there will be a warning bell and a final ring at the
end of the allocated time.
The adjudicators
Make a panel of judges with two teachers and three students. The students can
be from another class too. If the students in the panel are from your class, they
should be impartial.
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For marking, each judge will have a format like the one given below:
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My life My Aim
Gesture & Using

Team Speaker Presentation Presentation Refutation Total
pronunciation information
In 1st
favour
of the
motion
2nd
3rd
Total marks of the supporting team
Against 1st
the
motion
2nd
3rd
Total marks of the opposing team
Winning team:
Best speaker (Highest number) :
From our experience of the debate, we must have understood now that to
succeed in a work we need to have the ability as well as interest for that task.
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If we have an interest, we can develop our ability through our efforts. Again, in
many cases competency acts as a required qualification for a job.
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Life and livelihood
Choosing one’s profession

This time we are going to do a different task. We will imagine what we would
look like in the future.
Me at present
Me in the future: The profession in which I would
My likings like to see myself
..................... (Draw a picture of your future profession or write a
..................... story/poem/ rhyme or tell /write an essay describing the

qualities)
.....................
My interests
.....................
.....................
.....................
My ability
.....................
.....................
..................
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Comments of
guardian
Comments of
teacher
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My life My Aim
Plans of various terms to meet the aim

Who does not love to see him/her as a successful person in the future? We wish
everyone’s dreams might come true. To achieve that dream we need to follow a well-
planned procedure. You practiced making a table of planning for achieving the goal in
class six and accordingly you will have to prepare a step-by-step plan for the profession
of your desire.
Case: Abu and Shila’s Performance
Abu and Shila are smart as well as intelligent. Cheering up the class by kidding with
their classmates, moderating disputes among their friends, climbing up the neighbouring
trees, and swimming in the ponds till their eyes become red are their regular activities.
Not only that, they are so popular in the school.
It is interesting that whenever they are given any responsibility they carry it out
nicely. For this positive approach, the scout teacher appreciates them. However, due to
excessive agilities, sometimes unintentional mistakes may occur in some of our work.
There is a mango tree in their school which has got plenty of mangoes this year. The
Headmaster decides to share the mangoes with the students to eat when they are ripe.
The scout teacher informs Abu and Shila: “Form a committee and decide how you will
do this. I want to see the Head sir’s dream come true. I will be beside you at any need
so that, no one may have any complaint or no one gets dissatisfaction.”
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Image 5.2: Implementation of Abu and Shila’s plan
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Life and livelihood
Group Work
Imagine you as Abu and Shila. Make a group discussion and plan how to
fulfil the Head sir’s dream.
Target and plan:

A boat in a river might move forward randomly to any direction if that doesn’t
have any destination. But if the boat has an endpoint, the boatman tries his best
to reach the destination surviving against the waves.
Every activity has got an aim. Even the river that comes out from a mountain
has got its destination to fall in the sea. This destination is its aim. In short, aim
refers to the desired future result that a person or organization wants to achieve.
Planning means the effort or approach to reach that goal. The result of any task
depends on its planning. So, in management terms, the expected or estimated
result of work is called an aim. Designing where, how, when and what to do to
achieve this aim is called planning.
This planning shows some special features:
Clarity
Practicality
Suitability
Reflection of previous experience
Clear guidance
Coordination and connection
Fighting uncertainty
Flexibility
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Whatever our planning might be, it needs to be specific and we should properly
check its feasibility. We also need to evaluate whether the plan is accepted
by all in the family and society, whether the plan is based on the reflection
of previous experience, how to maintain the connection with other relevant
issues of the plan and proper management of the factors affected by this plan.
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My life My Aim
Besides, in case of any uncertainty what possible procedure to be taken should
be indicated. It’s better not to be rigid at any point. There should be options to
be flexible according to the situation. Planning could be of different periods.
Based on the tenure, plans can be of different types. For example:
a. Short-term plan (Less than one year)

b. Mid-term plan ( More than one year and less than 5 years)
c. Long-term plan (More than 5 years)
Whatever the duration of the plan, one needs to have a strategic analysis while
designing it. In this regard, there is a popular term ‘SWOT analysis. Each letter
in SWOT has a means:
S- Strength
W- Weakness
O- Opportunity
T- Threats
Such analysis helps our work procedure to determine our aim and design our
plan for life. Let’s get back to once again to Abu and Shila’s plan. We will find
out their strength (S), their weakness (W), opportunities to complete the task
properly (O), and the challenges (T):
● Dedication to the duties

● Tendency ensure ● Restlessness
everyone’s well being ● .....................
● ............................. ● .....................
● ............................
Strength Weakness
● Popularity in the school Opprtunity Challange ● To distribute mangoes

among all the students of
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● The assured support

from the scout teacher the school
● ............................. ● ..............................
Image 5.3: SWOT
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Life and livelihood
Doing a SWOT analysis at the beginning of any plan for us makes the progress of
the whole task smooth. If an organization wants to design a short-term or long-
term plan for its development or to achieve a particular target, in that case too,
this type of analysis makes the planning and implementation process smoother.
We can include in the plan what strengths we have, what other strengths we
need to build and enhance further, what lacks or limitations we have, and how to
solve or reduce those issues. Moreover, we can also effortlessly plan for the best
possible use of available opportunities close to us and how to reduce possible
uncertainties or risks.
Case study: Merina’s story of achieving targets

It was seven years back. Merina used to live in the Haor area. They had a pretty
comfortable life. They had a large poultry farm. During the daytime, the ducks
of the poultry farm used to swim in the water and at night they used to get back
to the farm. But seven years ago, during an extended flood, their house was
submerged in the water.
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Image 5.4: Merina’s eggshell powder provides nutrition to plants
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My life My Aim
All the ducks were lost. When they returned from the shelter centre they had
already lost everything and become indigent. A meal in a day became rare for
them. During that time, one day Merina went to collect relief with her father.
Her father stood in a queue while Merina took a seat in one corner of the office.
At that time a newspaper headline “The alternative use of eggshell” drew her
attention. She hurriedly read the article. Then after returning home, she started
planning with all the family members.
Mernia’s family started the business almost without any capital. At first, they
started collecting eggshells from the neighbours. Then they followed the process
of crashing the shells into powder and brought those to the parlor, nursery,
and a medicine factory in the town. For the next few years, they continued
to move from place to place to sell these and gradually they elevated their
poverty. Merina once again started to go to school. She discussed the matter
with a teacher in her school. The teacher showed her some videos on his mobile
phone. Merina got some ideas from there.
After returning home she discussed with the family members and started
planning for a new business. The next was history. The life story of Merina and
her family changed. They developed a large blending machine to make powder
of the eggshell. They sent a basket to each neighboring family to collect egg-
shell. Meriner’s parents used to collect them three days a week from all the
houses. On their way back home from school, Merina and her brother used
to collect eggshells from hotels in the town. Since their shell powder was
of good quality, they didn’t have to move from shop to shop to sell. Their
father got orders on his mobile phone from different towns, and they supplied
accordingly. Sometimes some company representatives used to collect from
them. They had to employ some assistants too in their business. In this way,
five years passed. Now Merina’s family dream of exporting egg-shell. They
start new planning.
Imagine that you were Merina. fill in the table below following group discussion:
First-year (Short-term)
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Your plan
Next five-year (Mid-term)

Your plan
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Life and livelihood
For export overseas (Long-term)

Your plan
Identify one strength, weakness,
opportunity, and challenge (self-
reflection)
in that plan
Teacher’s comments
Individual Work
Listen to a success story of a person from your family/ locality/village. Ask

questions to know about the progress in different stages. What target he/she
had, How the person achieved the target, what barriers he/she faced, how
he/she overcame the challenges, and what he/she thinks about the present
status need to be inquired about. Then draw a life-river picture with that
information or share your ideas with your classmates.
(There can be ups and downs in one’s life. There might be rises only in someone’s
life, others might have the story of successfully overcoming the challenges
through proper planning. Each individual usually has an individual experience
of reaching the destination. You can draw a flow chart according to the story you
hear. In the flow chart, there can be a short description of each stage.)
Life-stream
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My life My Aim
We need to ensure our ability to adapt to the new environment soon which
means we should acquire the required knowledge, skill, attitude, and values. To
make us fit for future challenges it is essential to develop these qualities and
competencies. And for that, we need to know ourselves properly. Every person
has got individuality or personal identity. The thoughts, requirements, choices,
liking, disliking, interests, and skills vary from person to person. Someone
might like mathematics; another person might not like doing so, rather might
like to study literature. Some people might enjoy the external beauty of nature
while others might like to work in the lab. Many of us like a lively social
gathering and some others may prefer to stay in solitude. Every person has got
different features, quality, and separate choices. So, we need to know if we
have an interest in a particular activity, what background we have behind such
interest, whether we have skill or ability, weakness in that work, and how we
can develop that skill through cherishing them. In this way, we can gain better
self-reliance and self-confidence. At this, we become more motivated,
energized, and spirited to do self-development. Consequently, achieving the
target becomes convenient.
A well-designed plan
according to our
interests and ability is
an asses for our journey
through life. But we
need to remember that
we should be sincere,
dedicated, diligent, and
determined to achieve
the target. We have a
plan in hand does not
mean that the target Image 5.5: Every person has unique
will be automatically feature, type, and quality
fulfilled. We need to be
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proactive to concentrate on our duties. It is said that God endows good fortune
to hard-working people. So, we should know about ourselves before we decide
on our aim and by developing our qualities we should proceed strongly to
touch our dream.
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Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. Fix a target for you. and make a personal SWOT analysis for reaching out
that target.
My Strength My Weakness
√ .................. ● √ ..................
√ .................. ● √ ..................
√ .................. ● √ ..................
SWOT
My Opportunity My challenges
 ..................  ..................
 ..................  ...................
 ..................  ...................
2. Things we have done in this chapter ….. (Put tick mark)
Couldn’t Partially Properly

Tasks
do done done
Analyzing the reasons for Ishan’s
changes
Self-evaluation to understand one’s

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self
Comparing past and present self-

choice
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My life My Aim
Participating and contributing in

debates regarding aim in life
Selecting a profession for oneself
The plan for achieving the target by
Abu and Shila in the text
Explaining the plan for achieving the
target by Abu and Shila in the text
Planning short-term, mid-term, and
long-term plans based on Merina’s
story
Collecting or listening to a success
story from a person in the locality/
family/village
Drawing the steps of life-river
analyzing the success stories
Total score: 30 My score:
Comment of my guardian:
Teacher’s comment:
My Achievement?
I
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Life and livelihood
The points from this chapter I need to know more about:
The tasks I need to continue practicing:-
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96
Working
Jointly
মিলে মিশে সবার বুদ্ধি করি আদান-প্রদান

তাতেই হবে সব সমস্যার সহজ সমাধান।
Ant is a tiny creature in nature. But if we notice

them we see that often they carry jointly quite a
large thing to a destination. A united approach with
honest intention brings a convenient solution to a
problem. Teamwork is more likely to succeed.
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Life and livelihood
Pallabi and the success of her team: Effective communication
Pallabi lives in a colony. There is a little open space after every seven houses in
a row. They pass the whole evening there after returning from school. Sometimes
they play ‘Darianbanda’, sometimes ‘Bouchi’ or ‘Satchara’. If all the members
of a team are not present, they just enjoy their noisy gathering and chatting. So,
this place is so dear to them. Suddenly, one day they find that a mason has started
to make a boundary to attach this space to a neighboring house. Everybody has
got startled at this happening. They gather in a place and start discussing in a
group. They try to find out why this has happened, who remains responsible for
that, what benefits the persons get, how they can retain their playground etc.
Pallabi gets individual opinions and ideas from each of them. They decide to
ensure the original information as they analyze the strengths and limitations of
the opinions. Shibu, Prabha, and Liton have been assigned to collect the real
information.
Image 6.1: Playground of Pollobi and others

Within a day Pallabi gets to know the fact. The neighboring wealthy land owner
is manipulating the opportunity to take possession. The detective kids face real
trouble. They discuss to make a way to combat the situation. They recall that
earlier the dustbin problem was resolved by the local commissioner. This time
also they feel to share the problem with him. They proceed as they think. They
are fortunate that the commissioner is available in his residence. They altogether
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pursued him to listen to their arguments and rights. He visits the place with a
group of people and asks to stop the work.
That creates a hue and cry. The wealthy person comes out of his house and
starts bargaining with the commissioner. Once the situation gets worse, Pallabi
and her friends rush to the adjacent houses and bring some seniors to the spot.
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Working Jointly
After huge shouting and bargaining, a date gets fixed for dispute resolution.
Pallabi and her friends prepare their arguments and how they will present those.
Besides, they also manage the elderly persons of their locality to speak in favor of
them. The ruling comes in their favor. The boundary has been removed. Pallabi
and her friends get back to their recreation neighborhood.
What steps did Pallabi and her friends

take to retain the play area?
What skills of Pallabi’s team have
contributed to resolving the problem?
Pallabi and her team have got their play zone back through their intelligent
approaches. Their team members all had some skills that helped them to win.
The theme ‘Communication is power’ is popular in the present century we live
in. Communication remains a significant factor in solving a problem. We have
noticed in the story how Pallabi and her teammates succeeded to retain their
rights through effective communication. To solve the problem the teammates
also used some more skills and we are going to know them by their official titles.
A. Analytical thinking:
At first, they didn’t show any excitement. They tried to find out why it happened,
who was behind it, what benefits those persons had, how they could preserve
their play zone etc. That means they analyzed the fact to understand the situation.
Then they decided on their next step after discussing the possible answers to
these points.
B. Collaborative thinking:
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Pallabi didn’t try to solve the problem alone. We have noticed that she tried to
talk to all the members of her team and tried to make a way out by distributing
responsibilities to the members. She maintained communication with the
commissioner and the elderly persons of the locality.
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Life and livelihood
C. Reflective thinking:
When they got information from the team members, they checked those with
the assumptions they had made the previous day. Then they determined their
next step by reflecting on a previous experience of solving an issue.
D. Conflict management:
In the story, this has been done by the elderly persons of the locality. They
listened to both parties’ arguments with a positive attitude and tried to trace
the main point of conflict. Pallabi’s teammates were also able to present their
points to them appropriately.
E. Evaluating or Apprising
In the story, Pallabi and her mates convincingly presented their arguments to
the local commissioner and the elderly members of their locality. They focused
on the possible arguments of the opponent. They prepared themselves to
provide answers according to the situations. At every stage, they used their
prudence to take a decision which means they estimated the possible good or
bad consequences.
Practicing the skill of effective communication:
In our class six lesson, we learned that effective communication means
expressing ourselves correctly and receiving information from others accurately,
listening to others’ speech attentively and actively. We also learned that we
communicate with others in different ways. May be in writing, in speaking,
or may be through body language. When we communicate to a person with a
purpose and we can pursue that person to be convinced with our points then
that can be called effective communication.
In the case of effective communication, there is no chance of misunderstanding.
Because effective communication is free from the tendency of denouncing or
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hurting others.
Almost all of us can survive in a hostile environment. But all of us may not
be able to utilize the abilities practically in the required situations. So we get
defeated at some primary points. If we want to use our capacities actively, we
need to practice effective communication to learn that skill.
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Working Jointly
Two situations have been described here. We can discuss this in groups and try
to find out effective solutions to these.
Problem 1
Shipra is whimsical and
careless in every matter. The
day before yesterday while
returning from school, she
went to a friend’s birthday
instead of getting back
home. She doesn’t have her
father though the family
is financially solvent. Her
mother became impatient
after waiting for her for a
long time. Shipra got back
home at nine at night and she had crosstalk with her mother. At a certain point,
her mother lost her temper and decided not to allow Shipra to go to her school.
Being hyper, Shipra also declared not to go to school anymore. She wouldn’t be
in any touch with her friends.
In this situation, as Shipra’s friend, how can we help her?
(Possible steps to resolve: Listening to both side claims attentively, discussing

the negative consequences of postponing the study, how Shipra can change
her behaviors, how Shipra’s mother can help her, etc.)
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Life and livelihood
Problem 2
Sajib is a meritorious
student. But recently he
has not been attentive in
his studies. As long as he
remains in his place he
just gets occupied with
his mobile phone, TV,
or computer games. No
conversation at all with
his parents. He doesn’t
talk to any guests visiting
their place. If his mother
asks him about his meal, he gets annoyed. Unnecessarily misbehaves with his
younger sister. He doesn’t maintain any routine for meals and showers. Sajib’s
father tried a lot to manage him with normalcy but couldn’t succeed. Recently
Sajib’s family starts receiving complaints against him from the school. Prodip is
their neighbor. Prodip is in the same class and the same school as Sajib. Sajib’s
mother often visits Prodip’s place, regrets greatly Sajib’s behavior, and sheds
tears in grief.
How can we help Sajib in this situation as a neighbor?
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Working Jointly
We should remember that there could be obstacles to any activities. The problem
may or may not be solved at a time. That’s why the problem should be divided
into smaller segments. The solutions to the segments will be combined to get
the complete solution. We follow the same procedure when we try to solve a
mathematical problem. Although all our real-life difficulties do not always match
with mathematical problems, still the application of mathematical knowledge
could be the source of solutions.
Sometimes it is found that we avoid a person in his time of misery. We remain
concerned with self-safety only. We forget that we are social beings. But we
don’t think for a while that there is no use in becoming a one-eyed king in the
land of blinds. Often in the class, we try not to share our notes; we mock others
if they are weak in learning. In this temporary world, there is no meaning in
winning alone. Real success lies in achievement through teamwork.
Group Work
Make some dialogue scenes as a part of rehearsing the steps for resolving
problems 1 & 2.
Get into groups to develop scripts of conversations with Shipra and Sajib and
then role-play.
A. Dialogue between Shipra and her mother

Listening to both of the opinions, what could be the consequence
of postponing study, how we can bring changes in how the
mother can help Shipra etc.
Discussion
with Mother
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Life and livelihood
Discussion
with Shipra
Discussion
with both at
the same time
B. Dialogues with Sajib

Listening to both of the opinions, what could be the consequence
of postponing study, how we can bring changes in how the
mother can help Shipra etc.
Discussion
with Mother
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Working Jointly
Discussion
with Father
Discussion
with Sajib
Bringing Solution to problems

In our class six lessons, we came to know and practiced some exercises on what
a problem is, how to define problems, which problem gets priority from the
list, how to find solutions to the problems, and how to give efforts to resolve a
problem.
We face many problems in our surroundings when we move on. These could be
personal, family, or social problems. Whatever the problem is, psychologists
and researchers have been analyzing for making a way out of these problems.
Recently, a method named solution fluency becomes popular in this regard. To
solve a problem, this method follows six steps, called ‘Six Ds’.
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(Define) (Discover) (Dream) (Design) (Deliver) (Debrief)
Image 6.2: 6Ds
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Life and livelihood
1st step: Define
We need to determine what the problem is. We need to be sure whether the
solution to the problem would develop the situation. It might happen that the
problem we are concerned about is not a problem at all. That’s why at the
beginning, we have to diagnose the nature and features of the problem, the
harmful consequences, and the possible benefits.
2nd step: Discover

We need to focus on the main source
of the problem that we are facing. It
should be identified in which context the
problem rose or which reason created this
issue. For this, necessary data should be
collected. At this stage, the force active
behind the problem should be detected.
3rd step: Dream

At this stage, we have to
imagine the possible solution
to the problem. In finding out a
solution to a problem we need to
be highly imaginative or capable
of dreaming the best. Once a Solution
mother asked Einstein, ‘What
should I do to raise my son as a
scientist?’ Einstein replied, ‘Read
fairy tales to him. If you want to
make him a greater scientist than
me, you need to read a lot more
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fairy tales to him!’ The creativity

to imagine the future or possible
solutions is a special skill.
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Working Jointly
4th step: Design

Among the possible solutions that
were imagined at the third stage one
needs to be selected after logically
assessing them. To implement the
solution, there should be a plan.
We need to keep in mind that the
solution should be the easiest and
most convenient. If a solution is
not feasible to implement, that
might create further complexities
in planning.
5th step: Deliver

After planning, the whole design
needs to be scrutinized. If the
storyline is open to review, we
might freshly notice many minute
details. An overall observation of
the plan could bring out gaps if
there are any. Then they could be
addressed more proficiently.
6th step: Debrief

At this stage, we need to compare
our plan to a previous experience
solving an issue. If there is a special
observation from the earlier experience, that could be accommodated here. The
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present plan can be compared side by side with the steps and implementation
process taken in the earlier case. Through this taking decision becomes much
easy and more effective.
In this way, we can follow these six steps and try to solve any problems.
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Life and livelihood
Image 6.3: Problem solving in six steps
Project Work
Pick a selected problem of your school, family, building compound, or of your

locality. Design a plan for the solution to this problem. Take the initiative to
implement the plan for solving the problem. Write a report describing the
experience or storyline of resolving the problem.
Work process to follow:

● Get divided into six groups based on the localities.
● Carefully read the chapter ‘Many Hands Make Light Work’ from the Life
and Livelihood textbook of class six. Then discuss in groups and make
the meaning clear. If needed, take help from your teacher.(If you do not
have any Life and livelihood book of class six, you may collect if from
your school library or you may borrow it from the student of class six.)
● Select a small-scale problem that you might resolve.
● Follow the steps of solution fluency and take initiative to solve the problem.
● Each of the six teams will work with a particular problem. The same
issue shouldn’t be addressed by more than one team.
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● To identify a problem and then for finding a solution to that you could
take help from the teachers, senior students, family members, or people
from the neighborhood.
● Describe the steps from the beginning to the end so that it tells about
your experience.
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Working Jointly
● In the story, you can attach photos of the problem with the titles
‘before’ and ‘after’.
● You can draw a flow chart of the whole event.
● You can apply your free thoughts, choices, and creativity to do the
task.
Different signals for the problems in the project work
● No potable water in the classroom ● Open garbage and waste on the

● No bin in the classroom streets
● No display board of their own ● Victimization of child-marriage
● No tiffin during the break ● Victimized by any superstitions of
the locality
● No scope for games in the school
● The harassment of a student by
● No arrangement for the physically
other students on the way to school
challenged children
and home.
● Bullying tendency of some
● Someone’s tendency to misbehave
students in the school
with their parents at home etc.
At its birth, a baby remains like a blank page almost without any skills. Then,
gradually going through many problems and experiences, at a certain stage, the
person becomes proficiently skilled. Whatever the skill is it is ensured through
practice. Communication and problem-solving skills also get strong through
practicing. So, to be skilled in communication and problem solving we need to
keep practicing in every stage of our life.
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Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. Make a list of communication and problem-solving features that you have in

your character and also of those features that you need to develop more.
The skill I have for The skills I have for The areas where I need
effective communication problem-solving to develop my skills
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Working Jointly
2. What we have done in this chapter …..(√ Put tick marks)
Tasks could not do Done partially Done properly

Analyzing a case study-
Pallbai and her team
Practicing effective
communication through
analyzing case study
Preparing a script of
dialogues for problem 1
Preparing a script of
dialogues for problem 2
Participating in project
work
Submitting project report

Total score: 30 My score:
Guardian’s comment:
My Achievement?
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(Identify your
mood according I don’t feel I am happy, but I am pretty happy;
to your good; It is very it is essential From now on, I will
achievement) vital to know to know more regularly practice in
more about about each order to develop my
each topic of topic in details. competencies so that I
this chapter. can achieve the goal.
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Life and livelihood
Let us write down the topics of this chapter that I need to understand
better.
basis.
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Skill Course One
Cooking 2
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Life and livelihood
Preparing Lentil Soup

By the end of this lesson, we will be able to-
Prepare lentil soup in a simple way maintaining hygiene and safety

(according to the situation)
In class six lessons, you learned to cook rice, mashed potato, and egg omelet.
Maybe occasionally you take the responsibility for cooking rice, mashed potato,
and egg omelet for your family. Your family members might have felt satisfied
with you. In class seven lessons, we are going to learn some more dishes.
Lentil soup is a very common dish. Our daily food seems incomplete without
lentils. Many types of pulses are common in our country as food. Among them
red lentils, green gram, black gram, chickpeas, peas, Kheshari are remarkable.
Of these red lentil is the most famous. Pulses give us a good amount of protein.
As it is cheap, this is used as a good source of protein. You must have known
that in the building and growth of the body protein plays an important role. So,
having pulses in our daily food can help us to grow up quickly and to keep us
healthy.
Do you know how lentil soup are cooked? A piece of lemon and pulse with rice
is really tasty. All of you can cook lentils and make a surprise for your parents.
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Let us try to see how we can cook lentils that everybody likes.
Things to know before cooking lentil soup:

● Methods of cleaning the utensils and the tools
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Skill Course One: Cooking 2
● Use of sharp tools

● Chopping onions and zinger
● Setting the stove
● Using grounded spices
Although there are different ways of cooking lentil soup in different areas, all
types of lentil soup can be cooked in the same way.
Let us do this-
Jebul moves to the kitchen after getting back from school. He finds his mother
preparing lentil soup to cook and his father is slicing zingers. Jebul asks, what are
you cooking right now? Father replies with a smile, ‘We are cooking lentil soup.
Do you like to learn to cook this?’ This makes Jebul overwhelmed and he shouts
in joy, ‘Yes, I’m here to learn that thing.’ His mother becomes surprised and
asks, ‘What’s the matter, Jebul? Let us know why you are suddenly so interested
to learn this?’ Jebul embraces his mother from the back, affectionately rubs his
nose on her shoulder, and says, Mother, we have planned for a picnic. Everyone
is going to bring a dish and going to meet at Badamtala. My part is to cook lentil
soup. Is it clear now, mother?’ Mother says, ‘You stand beside me. I’m teaching
you how to cook tasty, gravy lentil soup easily.’ Then Jebul helps his mother and
learns how to cook lentil soup as well. Father shows him two videos of cooking
lentil soup on his mobile phone. Mother tells him, ‘Mind that lentil soup needs
to be properly boiled. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be tasty and might cause a problem
in digestion.’
On the picnic day, Jebul starts to think about whether he would be able to cook
tasty lentil soup. Shall it be embarrassing in front of his friends? But the great
thing is that Jebul has simply been able to cook tasty lentil soup and serve them
to his friend. Everyone appreciates him as a chef and his dish.
Now we will get the ideas step by step of how Jebul impresses everybody with
his dish.
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What we need to cook gravy lentil soup:

1. Half a cup of lentils
2. 1 piece onion-medium
3. Zinger (Chopped up pieces)- 1 teaspoon
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Life and livelihood
4. Turmeric powder- a little bit
5. Salt- required amount
6. Green pepper- 2 pieces
7. Oil – 2 spoons
Process:
Step-1
At first, Jebul cleans the necessary pot, spoon, and
bowl for cooking lentil soup.
Safety point:
 At the beginning of
the task, we need to
ensure our hair is
properly set to avoid
loose hair falling into
the food. A cap could
be good protection.
Step-2
He chops up onion and zinger
with boti or knife.
Safety point
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 We need to be very
careful while using
boti or knife or
cutting
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Step 3
Then he takes a half cup of lentil soup in a pot and cleans properly
removes if there is any pebbles, gravel, rice, and a bit of stick. Then
he rinses them two or three times with water.
Safety point
 Each time during washing when
we sieve the lentil we need to be
careful not to pass the lentil with
the water.
 The dress must not get wet. If
possible we can use an apron.
Step 4
Then he pours four cups of water into the cleaned pulses of the
pot, set the stove on after putting it on the stove, and place the
cover on the pot.
Safety point
 Since different stoves are ignited in different ways, it is to be
learned from the elders beforehand.
 If you need to use a matchbox to
ignite the stove, ensure to extinguish
the match stick dipping into water
as soon as the ignition is done.
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Life and livelihood
Step 5:
Jebul now places cover on the pot, increases the fire a bit, and
waits for 7/8 minutes standing close to it. As the water is boiled he
removes the cover and reduces the fire to medium heat. He uses a
spoon or a cooking spud to stir the pulses. (The time taken for the
pulses to be boiled may vary depending on the pulse type)
Safety points
 We need to stand close to the stove
otherwise the boiled water with
bubbles might overflow into the
stove and extinguish.
 While using cooking spud we need
to keep our hands safe. If possible,
we can use hand gloves.
 While changing the sides using a
cooking spud it is better to use some
heat-protecting cover (heavy cloths)
to hold otherwise much pressure on the pot might cause it
to fall.
Step 6
After 4/5 minutes when the water level gets lowered and the
pulses are boiled Jebul sticks with a whisk.
Safety points
 The fire needs to be kept low while
whisking otherwise our hands could
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get burnt.
 We shouldn’t put much pressure to
avoid the pot to fall. If we can’t handle
it alone, we can take help from other
family members.
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Step 7
Then he stirs with the required amount of salt, a bit of turmeric,
and a whole two green peppers. After 2/3 minutes boiling when
the pulses become gravy, Jebul pours little amount of pulses into
a spoon and tastes that. Then he uses the holding pads to put down
the pot from the stove.
Safety points
 We need to be careful to puff the dish
to keep it cool before tasting it. It might
burn our lips.
 The pot needs to be held with pads to
avoid heat.
Step 8
Now it is time for seasoning. Jebul lowers the fire and puts a pan
on the stove and pours some oil. The already chopped-up onions
and zinger he puts in that oil. He starts stirring
with a cooking spud. When the chopped-up
slices get brown he pours the pan oil with the
slices into the pulse pot. Seasoning flavor
fills the kitchen with a tasty aroma.
That’s all! Here comes Jebul’s dish of tasty
pulses!
Safety points:
 While seasoning oil into the pulses pot
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the oil drops might scatter and create trouble. In this case,
we can hold a lid with a side lowered while seasoning so
that oil drops can’t split out.
 The pan needs to be held with a heat-protecting pad/cloth so
that it can’t burn the hands.
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Life and livelihood
Step 9
Jebul cleans the cooking spud, spoon, lid, knife, and plate properly and
keeps them in their place. He tidies the kitchen.
Let’s think back

● Can we cook all types of lentil in this way?
● Can we eat lentil soup without turmeric?
● How can we cook lentil soup without seasoning?
● What accidents could occur while cooking lentil soup?
● What safety measures are to be taken for cooking lentil soup?
● What more ingredients can we add to make the lentil soup tasty?
● Can we add some vegetables to the dish of lentil soup?
● What ingredients can be added to make the lentil soup more aromatic?
● How can we serve the lentil soup dish to make it tastier looking?
What we have learned:

● Cleaning all the ingredients and utensils properly
● Sharp tools like knives, boti, etc. should be handled with proper care
and need to be kept in place after work
● Following the steps of cooking lentil soup with proper safety measures
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Time to Freshly Prepare by Ourselves

We need to cook lentil soup in our home depending on the types and quantity.
Take help from your parents or any other elder member of your family to
practice cooking lentil soup as required. In some parts of our country, solid
cumin and red chili are used in the seasoning for lentil soup that brings variety
to the taste and making it tastier looking. To make it further tasty you can try
adding green mango, olive, coriander leaves, etc., and practice cooking that.
This brings a very good taste to the lentil soup. In the earlier days, there was a
tradition to put pieces of vegetables like papaya, gourd, wax gourd, etc. Lentil
soup mixed with vegetables taste nice. You can try that out. In some regions at
the beginning of summer, green jackfruit (locally known as Ichar) is also mixed
with lentil soup. Cook this in the class along with your classmates and share the
dish with your teacher. Add new ideas to the cooking. Practice that in your
place, serve to others with variation, take photos or draw images of that.
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Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
1. Listen to someone’s experience, try to understand that properly, or read that

from a book and then fill in the blanks with the required information.
When and how

to put mango as
an ingredient in a
mango-lentil dish?
When and how

to put papaya as
an ingredient in a
papaya-lentil dish?
When and how to

add seasoning of red
chili or solid cumin
to lentil dish?
What role do lentils

play to fulfill the
required nutrition in
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our body?
Teacher’s comment
122
2. You may add tomato, green mango, sliced coriander leaves, or any vegetable
to bring in variety or richness to taste of your lentil soup. Serve that to your
family members, get their opinions and submit that to your teacher.
Family members Very good Good Average

Mother
Father
Brother
Sister
Grandfather
Grandmother
Any other family member
3. How I felt while doing the task
(Write here the positive feelings, negative feelings, incidence of getting

hurt, facing an obstacle, and what new things you have learned.)
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Life and livelihood
4. You will take some photos or draw pictures of some moments of preparing
lentil soup and attach them to the following grids. The guardians will display
them from their mobile phones on the meeting day. If possible get the print
copy, then print them on a white page and cut it into pieces to attach here.
Measuring the lentils Cleaning the lentils
Adding required amount of water Prepared lentil dish
Guardian’s comment:
Cooking beholds the tradition of a family. The colour and aroma of a dish
magnificently tell the story of family bondage, homesickness, and purely tender
affectionate feelings of the family members. When we are away from home we
miss the cooking of our dear ones and that creates a sense of incompleteness in
us. That’s why from now on we will truly love to cook for our dear ones so that
our family tie gets strengthened.
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124
Cooking vegetables
By the end of this lesson, we will be able to –
Cook vegetables safely and easily maintaining due hygiene (depending on

the situation)
Our mother earth is abundant with prosperity, happiness, and pleasure. Truly,
our country is a rare land full of God’s blessings. The soil here is purer than gold,
golden crops grow here. Every season produces different types of vegetables.
It is great to see that different vegetables in different seasons have a variety of
qualities. In our country, usually we see the dominance of seasonal vegetables.
Such a variety of seasonal vegetables full of body and mind-refreshing elements
rarely grow in other countries. We are so lucky that so many different vegetables
grow in our country. These vegetables are quite capable of fulfilling the need
for required nutrition. In our daily meals, these vegetables have been occupying
a major part for a long time. These vegetables have been so prominent in our
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food list in so many different names and ways. This vegetable feast goes on in
every meal of the day. You must have known that in bodybuilding, the beauty
of the complexion, ensuring water for the body, and removing constipation
vegetables play an important role. The best thing about vegetable is that the
fibers keep our body fit and refreshes our mind.
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Life and livelihood
So, to keep our body and mind sound we need to eat plenty of vegetables. We
can say that vegetables in our daily meals help us to grow up quickly as well as
keep us healthy. So it is very important to learn cooking vegetables.
We need to learn how to cook vegetables:
Before cooking vegetables we have to learn some other things:
● How to clean the tools and utensils
● How to use sharp tools
● Chopping up onions and zingers
● Cutting vegetables
● Light the stove
● Use of spice powder
There are many ways of cooking vegetables in different regions. Moreover,
the cooking process for all the vegetables is not the same. We see many people
in our country who avoid animal protein. When they go abroad they become
known as ‘vegetarians’. Cooking vegetables go under various experiments to
fulfill the desire for a new taste in it. Creative processes are followed to bring
variation in daily meals.
Let us do it ourselves
Anita gets an exceptional invitation letter from the neighboring house.
There will be a fair named ‘vegetable delight’. Anita is so excited about the
arrangement of the program at Saad’s school. The theme of the fair this time
is ‘vegetables for daily three meals. The sight of tasty vegetables makes her
hungry. For the first time, Anita has seen vegetables cooked in so many ways!
She is moving to almost every stall, taking photos, buying, and eating an item
from each stall. Each of the items is so differently delicious. At one stall, she
meets Saad. His stall is displaying mixed winter vegetables. Cooked vegetables
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with so lucrative color and display make her truly amazed. She invites Saad
to come to her place at the weekend and in return, Saad promises to teach her
how to cook mixed vegetables. Then, that holiday appears and Saad starts his
classes.
We can also learn the process of cooking vegetables that Saad teaches to Anita:
126
The things need for cooking mixed winter vegetables:

Different available vegetables at home: pumpkin, carrot, papaya, pointed gourd,
round potatoes, etc. (half cup each)
Things needed in addition:
1. Onion (large) 2
2. Zinger (chopped up) 2 teaspoon
3. Turmeric, chili, coriander, and cumin powder
4. Salt- required amount
5. Green chili- 2 pieces /4 pieces
6. Oil – 2 spoons
7. Solid cumin-1/2 teaspoon
Step 1
According to Saad’s instruction, Anita cleans
the necessary pot, spoon, bowl, etc. for cooking
vegetables.
Safety point:
 At the beginning of the
task, we need to ensure our
hair is properly set to avoid
loose hair falling into the
food. A cap could be good
protection.
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Life and livelihood
Step 2
Then she cleans potato, papaya, carrot, and pumpkin, pointed
gourd properly, and then peels them. Saad says that a knife or
peeler can be used to peel the vegetables.
Safety point:
 The dress must not get wet
while cleaning. If possible
we can use an apron
 While using a knife or
peeler to peel the vegetables
we need to be extra careful.
No way to look in the other
direction. If possible, we
can use gloves.
Step 3:
Then she cuts the vegetables into cubes and takes half a cup
each.
Along with that, she chops up onion and zinger.
Safety point:
 While cutting vegetables
we need to be extra careful.
No way to look in the other
direction, it might result in a
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cut on the hand. If possible,

we can use gloves.
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Step 4
Now she puts a pan on the stove, lowers the
fire, and pours some oil. When the oil becomes
hot she adds a fingertip of solid cumin. She
sticks that for a while and then she adds onion
and zinger that she has already chopped up
to fry them for thirty seconds. After that, she
adds half a teaspoon of turmeric powder and
stirs it for thirty seconds more.
Safety points:
 Since different stoves are
ignited in different ways, it is
to be learned from the elders
beforehand.
 If you need to use a matchbox
to ignite the stove, ensure to
extinguish the match stick
dipping into water as soon as
the ignition is done.
 While seasoning onion and
zinger tiny slices into the oil,
oil drops might scatter and
create trouble. In this case,
we can hold a lid with a side
lowered while seasoning the
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onion and zinger tiny slices so that oil

drops can’t split out.
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Life and livelihood
Step 5:
Now she adds half cup of cubed potato and carrot in the pan and stirs
that. She spreads half a teaspoon of salt (as required) and chili powder
stirs once again and keeps the lid on the pan for the next minute. She
keeps the fire level medium and removes the lid to stir properly after
every few moments so that the vegetables don’t get stuck to the pan.
After the potato and carrot are curried in this way for some time, she
adds a half cup of papaya, pumpkin, and pointed gourd and then again
keeps that covered with the lid for around one minute. Now she removes
the lid and stirs again before putting in two green peppers. Next, she
lowers the fire level and puts the lid back.
Safety points
 While using cooking spud we need to
keep our hands safe. If possible, we
can use hand gloves.
 While changing the sides using a
cooking spud it is better to use some
heat-protecting cover (heavy cloths)
to hold otherwise much pressure on
the pot might cause it to fall.
 We shouldn’t put much pressure to avoid the pot to fall. If we can’t
handle it alone, we can take help from other family members.
Step 6:
Then she removes the lid and pours the required quantity of water to dip
all the vegetables into that. Then she keeps the fire level medium and
puts the lid back to cover. She keeps stirring removing the lid every few
seconds.
Safety point
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 The pot needs to be held with pads to

avoid heat.
 While using cooking spud we need to
keep our hands safe. If possible, we
can use hand gloves.
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Step 7:
Then when the vegetables are boiled enough and the soup becomes
gravy she sticks that and tastes the salt.
(As a little bit of salt is required more she adds that and tastes again).
Now she keeps the lid once again on the pan, switches off the stove, and
keeps the pan there for five minutes more. Here comes the very tasty
mixed vegetables dish. This delicious vegetable dish also looks fantastic.
At the end of cooking, she tastes a little
bit with a spoon and becomes satisfied.
Safety point
 We need to be careful to puff the
dish to keep it cool before tasting
it. It might burn our lips.
 The pot needs to be held with
pads to avoid heat.
Let us think
● Can we cook every type of vegetable in the same way?
● Why do some vegetables need to be taken first according to their types?
● What are the precautions to be maintained while cooking vegetables?
● Can we add chickpeas or peanuts to vegetables? When and how to add
lentil soup then?
● Can we cook winter vegetables like tomatoes, cauliflower, beans, and
peanut in the same way? When to add tomato or peanut in that case?
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● In what other ways can vegetables be cut except being cubed?

● How to retain the color and quality of the vegetables while cooking?
● What is the benefit of using bay leaves, black cumin, and butter in
vegetables? When shall we add them?
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Life and livelihood
What we have learned

● Cleaning all the ingredients and utensils properly with clean water
● Cutting vegetable in cubic shape
● Following the process of vegetable cooking step by step
Time to prepare something new by ourselves

At our home sometimes we have some leftovers of vegetables. In most cases,
these vegetables are wasted. But we can stop this wastage if we are a little bit
conscious. The remaining vegetables can be cooked as mixed vegetables.
In this way, we can ensure the consumption of vegetables and at the same time
prevent wastage.
We know that eating vegetables is so much benefiting for our health. Vegetables
and greens of different seasons can be cooked together. This creates variety in
taste. Many people like to add sweet yam to vegetables. This brings a sweetened
flavor to the vegetables. In some regions, it is seen that a fingertip of sugar is
added to the dish just before it is brought down from the stove. In some areas,
vegetables are boiled first and then seasoning is done to make them aromatic.
Sometimes food lovers add prawns, chicken (Boneless chest piece), or dry fish.
Each of them brings a difference in taste.
Take help from your parents or the elder members of your family and practice
cooking mixed vegetables according to your taste and necessity. Cook in the
class along with your classmates and serve that to your teacher. Try to cook
following new ideas. Practice at home, and serve them to others with variety.
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Take photos or draw images of them.
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Self-Evaluation
1. Listen to someone’s experience, try to understand that properly, or read that

from a book and then fill in the blanks with the required information.
When and how to put

tomato and coriander as
ingredients in a vegetable
dish?
When and how to put

green peas as an ingredient
in a vegetable dish?
When and how to add

animal protein (prawn,
dry fish, or meat) to the
vegetable dish?
What role do vegetables

play to fulfill the required
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nutrition in our body?
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Life and livelihood
2. To create variety or to increase the taste you mix different types of vegetables
and cook them. Serve that to your family members, get their opinions and
submit that to your teacher.

Mother
Father
Brother
Sister
Grandfather
Grandmother
3. You will take some photos of the vegetables while cooking or draw images
and attach them to the following boxes. The guardians will display them from
their mobile phones on the meeting day. If possible get the print copy, then
print them on a white page and cut it into pieces to attach here.
Cutting vegetables Vegetables curried Academic Year 2024
Pouring required quantity of water Mixed vegetable dish
134
4. How I felt while cooking
(Write here the positive feelings, negative feelings, incidence of

getting hurt, facing an obstacle, and what new things you have learned.)
A country with six seasons is very rare in the world. Innumerable rivers and
canals are spread in the country and they extend their affectionate blessings to
make our soil fertile and lively. So the surroundings remain deeply green here in
this country as the grace of nature. Such a land girt with rivers and so fertile with
corn and fruits are rarely found on this earth. This is our very dear motherland,
our country! Even fruit plants can just grow up on this land from the excrement
of birds. And, vegetables and crops are just unlimited! Throughout the year we
get hundreds of vegetables like potato, sweet yam, arum, Amazonian yum bean,
pointed gourd, sweet bitter gourd, papaya, asparagus bean, ridge gourd, zucchini,
snake gourd, bitter melon, balsam apple, lady’s finger, bottle gourd, wax gourd,
cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, green pea, eggplant, brinjal, cucumber, khira,
carrot, corn, radish, turnip, arum lobe, the bulbous root of the arum, shapla, red
leafy, pumpkin leaves, basil, spinach, dimashak, bindweed, mustered leaf, jute
leaves, notey shak, stem amaranth, drum stick, etc. The nutritional values of
these foods are extremely high. We can learn to cook these vegetables of our
land in many ways and in this way we can lead a healthy life.
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Life and livelihood
Cooking Fish
At the end of this lesson, we will be able to
Cook fish safely and easily maintaining hygiene (depending on the situation)
‘ভাত-মাছ খেয়ে বাাঁচে বাঙ্গালী সকল

ধানে ভরা ভূমি তাই মাছ ভরা জল।’
Many days ago Ishwar Gupta wrote these lines. In Bangla literature, there
are many rhymes, poems, and stories. Fish and rice combo has become the
identity for the Bangalees for ages. The terracotta pieces of the eighth century
found in Paharpur and Maynamati reveal images of fishes in many of them.
In some temples, some terracotta images were found those portray Bangalee
women cutting fish with boti. These images prove traditionally how much
favorite food is fish to the Bangalees. During the Bangalee bridal occasion or
turmeric ceremony decorated Rui fish is sent to the families as a token of good
fortune. We express our fascination for fish in many cultural elements such as
in paintings, the border of a saree, earrings, in the design of a locket! Fish is
the symbol of good health for the Bangalees. No other country in the world is
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abundant in such a variety of fish. Bangladesh is the third highest producer of

freshwater fish in the world.
Fish plays an important role in the rebuilding and growth of our bodies. Fish
is abundant with protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C, vitamin B3,
vitamin D, vitamin B2, fatty acid, lichenin, and methionine and all of them are
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crucial for our body. To make our teeth and bones strong, to prevent nyctalopia
and other physical problems, fish is necessary. Traditionally, in this land of
rivers, canals, and marshes fish has been considered one of the most delicious
dishes. Therefore, learning how to cook fish is a requirement for us.
The things that we need to learn before cooking fish:

● How to clean the tools and utensils
● How to use sharp tools
● Chopping up onions and zingers
● Cutting vegetables
● Setting the stove on
● Use of spice powder
Cooking fish follow different procedures in different regions. Moreover, the
cooking procedure is not the same for all the fish. Sometimes fish is crispy fried;
sometimes it is roasted in gravy soup and some other times it is cooked with
vegetables or greens. In our daily meals, we see a variety of fish curries.
Let us do
Kabiguru Rabindranath wrote fanciful similes regarding fish:
খেেঁদুবাবুর এঁধো�ো পুকুর, মাছ উঠেছে ভেসে

পদ্মমণি চচ্চড়িতে লঙ্কা দিল ঠেসে।’
Belal Hossain went to Sweden last year for a government training program. In
the same program officers from eight other countries participated. During the
one-month program, they had accommodation in a renowned hotel there. The
dinner there was served almost 40/50 buffet items. The first week went well as
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he managed to enjoy the food. But, after a week he started to badly miss fish
curry. He got an idea. He convinced the hotel in charge to include eight dishes
from each of the participant’s common local foods (For the rest of the days they
were staying in that hotel). There was a condition that the chef should be taught
to cook that particular dish. Mr. Belal eagerly accepted the condition. In the first
week on behalf of the Bangalees, he chose Rui fish curry. He just won over the
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Life and livelihood
hearts of all in the very first week! Almost all the representatives got amazed
by its taste and they just almost ate the lees. Observing the response, the hotel
in charge decided to include the curry in their regular menu. Let us learn the
process that Mr. Belal taught to the overseas chef.
The things we need to cook carp fish curry:

1. Onion (large size) – 2 pieces
2. Mashed zinger – 1 teaspoon
3. Turmeric, chili, cumin powder, and salt – 1 teaspoon each
4. Green chili – 2/ 4 pieces
5. Oil – two tablespoons
6. Carp fish – six pieces
7. Potato – 2 pieces
8. Tomato – 2 pieces
Step 1
The Swedish chef first cuts the fish and cleans and wipes that properly.
Then he chops up onion and zinger and cuts two potatoes and tomatoes
straight up.
He cleans the frying pan, spoon, and bowl in clean water.
Safety point
 At the beginning of the task, we need
to ensure our hair is properly set to
avoid loose hair falling into the food.
A cap could be good protection.
 While cutting the vegetables we need
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to be extra careful. No way to look

in the other direction. If possible, we
can use gloves.
 The dress must not get wet while
cleaning. If possible we can use an apron.
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Step 2
Then he marinates the fish pieces with
turmeric powder and salt.
Safety point
 We need to be careful about
the proper quantity of turmeric
powder and salt. It should not
be too much or too less.
Step 3
Now he sets the fire low, puts a frying pan on the stove, and
pours two spoons of oil. After the oil is heated he puts the
marinated fish pieces. Then he keeps the fire level medium
on the stove.
Safety point
 Since different stoves are
ignited in different ways,
it is to be learned from the
elders beforehand.
 If you need to use a
matchbox to ignite the
stove, ensure to extinguish
the match stick dipping
into water as soon as the
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ignition is done.
 While putting the fish
pieces in the oil, oil drops might scatter and create
trouble. In this case, we can hold a lid with a side
lowered so that oil drops can’t split out.
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Life and livelihood
Step 4
After one side of the fish pieces is properly fried,
he flips them. When both sides are fried then he
uses a spoon to bring them down from
the pan. Mr. Belal asked him not to
make them crispy. So he fries them
lightly.
Safety point:
 While putting the fish pieces in
the oil, oil drops might scatter
and create trouble. In this case,
we can hold a lid with a side
lowered so that oil drops can’t
split out.
Step 5
Then he puts the chopped-up onion in the oil.
After he fries the onion sometimes he adds one
spoonful of mashed zinger, chili powder, cumin
powder, and salt. Then he stirs the
spices for 30 seconds while the
fire level is kept medium.
He adds a little bit of water and
cooks it for 2 minutes.Safety point
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 While stirring the hands

need to be very safe.
If possible, we can use
gloves.
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Step 6
Now he puts the straightly cut potato pieces on the pan and stirs. He
continues to cook the potatoes for three or four minutes in this way and
pours a cup of water before keeping the lid on the pan for the next five
minutes.
Next, he opens the lid and stirs again, and pours a quantity of water so that
all the vegetables dip into that. He keeps the fire medium and puts the lid
back on the pan.
Safety point
 The pan needs to be held with heat-protecting pads or cloths to
avoid heat.
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Life and livelihood
Step 7
After 3 / 4 minutes he uncovers the lid, places the fish pieces nicely, and
put the lid back. Then, after 2 /3 minutes he removes the lid and softly
flips the fish pieces. He adds 2 /3 green chilies. When the soup becomes
thicker he stirs that and tastes the level of salt. (It seems that the slat is a
little less, so he adds a bit of salt and stirs again). Now he adds chopped
coriander, places the lid back, turns off the stove, and keeps it there for
five minutes. In this way, delicious Rui fish curry is ready to enjoy.
At the end of cooking, the chef tastes a small amount in a spoon, gave a
smile, and shows thumbs up to Mr. Belal.
Safety measures
 We need to be careful to puff the dish to keep it cool before tasting
it for salt. It might burn our lips.
 The pan needs to be held with pads to avoid heat.
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142
Let us think
● What other fishes except Rui can be cooked in this way?
● What other vegetables except potato can be added to this cooking?
● How can fish be roasted without vegetables? When and how to add
water in that case?
● What to do if we want to have the fish fried only?
● What problem might be there if we put the fish piece on the frying pan
before it is properly heated?
● Wouldn’t cooking be possible without tomato, and coriander?
● In what other ways the potato or vegetables be processed except by
being cut straightly?
● What could be the problem in case we make the fish pieces crispy
fried for the curry?
● Is it possible to cook fish without frying?
● What precautions should be maintained while cooking fish?
What we have learned

● Cleaning all the ingredients and utensils properly with clean water
● Following the stepwise process of cooking fish
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Life and livelihood
Time to prepare something new by ourselves
Mukandaram Chakrabarti, a poet of the sixteenth century magnificently

described the process of cooking fish:
‘‘কৈ ভাজে গণ্ডাদশ মরিচ গুুঁড়িয়া আদারসে।”
Fish is our cultural heritage. So many types of fish are available in this country.
There are freshwater fishes, saline water fishes, and fishes in ponds, marshes,
and farms. Among them, Ilish is the best. Ilish is not only our national fish but
its geographical patent also belongs to us. Different fishes have got different
tastes and their cooking process is also different. Take help from your parents
or elderly family members to practice cooking fish according to your choice
and necessity. Cook in the class along with your classmates and serve that to
your teacher. Try to cook following new ideas. Practice at home, and serve
them to others with variety. Take photos or draw images of them.
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144
Self-Evaluation
1. Listen to someone’s experience, try to understand and exercise that

properly, or read that from a book and then fill in the blanks with the required
information.
Is it possible to cook
fish with cauliflower,
beans, and tomato?
When to add each one
of them?
When and how to put

mashed muster as an
ingredient in a roasted
Ilish curry?
How would it taste if

we add green mango
or olive to a curry of
small fish?
What role do the

different types of
fish play to fulfill the
required nutrition in
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our body?
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Life and livelihood
2. To create variety or to increase the taste you mix different types of vegetables
to cook fish, serve that to your family members, get their opinions and submit
that to your teacher.

Mother
Father
Brother
Sister
Grandfather
Grandmother
3. How I felt while cooking
(Write here the positive feelings, negative feelings, incidence of getting

hurt, facing an obstacle, and what new things you have learned.)
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146
4. You will take some photos of the vegetables while cooking or draw images
and attach them to the following boxes. The guardians will display them
from their mobile phones on the meeting day. If possible get the print copy,
then print them on a white page and cut it into pieces to attach here.
Cutting fish, potato, and tomato Fish fry
Seasoning spices Boiling potato and tomato

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Placing the fish piece Fish curry
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Life and livelihood
Let us listen to the names of some fishes in a rhyme:
কাতলা, চিতল, ইলিশ মাছ
এরাই যদি মাছের রাজ,
শিং, মাগুর আর শো�োল-গজার
গাল ফুলিয়ে হয় বেজার ।
তেলাপিয়া, রুই, বো�োয়াল,
ভাংতে চাহে কার চো�োয়াল ।
পাবদা, টাকি, খলসে, কই,
গো�োল বাাঁধাবে নিশ্চয়ই ।
চান্দা, মৃগেল, চিংড়ি-ইচা,
করবে শুরু মরণ খিচা ।
ুঁ ,
হাসি খুশি টেংরা, পুটি
রাজায়-প্রজায় দ্বন্দ্ব দেখে
হেসেই কুটিকুটি ।
(সংগৃহীত)
Fish is associated with the daily conversation of the Bangali people. There are so
many tales, delightful comments, proverbs, and idioms regarding fish. For
example, Raghab boal, Gavir jaler machh, machher maa, Machher tele machh
bhaja, shaak diye machh dhaka, bhaja machh ti ulte khte jane na, machher mayer
putroshok etc. No way to deny our love for fish! That’s why fish should be
cooked with devotion and need to be consumed with emotion. Let us learn how
to cook the favorite fishes of our dear country and in this way, we all together
can lead a healthy life.
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Skill Course Two
Caregiving 1
After completing this course we
Will be able to take care of the children, the aged or sick persons and the
disabled in the family in a proper, safe and effective way.
Tushars’ family lives in a district headquarters. He has an elder sister and a

brother who is two years younger than him. His father serves in an office in
Sadar Upazila and his mother is a teacher of a primary school. Since he has
working parents and a grandmother who falls sick often, he has face problems
with day to day family chores including looking after his younger brother. It
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happened some days ago. His grandmother suddenly slipped and fell down in
the washroom while taking her ablution. Her grandmother had to be admitted to
hospital. The nurse and other staff took care of his grandmother while she was
staying there. Tushar used to visit the hospital once a day and attentively follow
the way his grandmother was taken care of. At the time of his grandmother’s
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Life and livelihood
release from the hospital, the doctor and the nurse explained to the available
family members how they should take care of her at home. Tushar’s father
asked the doctor whether they may find a caregiver to hire who would provide
home services in exchange of a monthly pay. The doctor said, “There is an
option for that, if you wish, we can arrange for it”.
The next day a caregiver named Shahina came from the hospital and started
taking care of the grandmother. Tushar asked, “Can I do this work?” Happily,
she answered, “Of course, you can. These tasks are to be done with utmost care
and with skilled hands. Now-a-days, these tasks are called caregiving.
Tushar said, “I want to learn the job perfectly. Will you teach me?” She said,
“Sure! But keep in mind, there are many types of caregiving; observing my
daily tasks you can only learn about personal caregiving and you will get the
opportunity to practice it”. Tushar became very happy hearing her.
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Image 8.1: Tushar, a class 7 boy, is taking care of his grandmother.
After that, she started providing caregiving training to Tushar at everyday at

her work breaks. Now we will learn one after another the way the specially
trained caregiver made Tushar skilled in caregiving.
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Skill Course Two: Caregiving 1
Caregiving
To serve humanity is a great virtue. The children, the aged, and the physically or
mentally disabled persons (permanent or short-term) in our family who cannot
do their routine work have to depend on the caring services provided by their
near and dear ones. It becomes important to serve or take care of them. Even
after receiving treatment from a hospital or nursing home, their nursing and
caregiving have to be continued by their near and dear ones. This caregiving
and nursing activities might be a long-term effort.
Caregiving is a service-oriented activity. In a broad sense, the methods and
actions of providing services to an individual or animal in an effective way is
called caregiving. And the individual who provides or is assigned to provide
this service is called caregiver. Anyone can bear this responsibility; such as
parents, teachers, primary caregiving educators, child nursing providers, maids,
grandmothers, family friends, coaches and maybe we too.
The probable life span of people in our country is increasing gradually. In 1960,
the average life span in Bangladesh was 45 years which means on an average,
people would live for 45 years. At present, it has been increased to about 73
years. It means that the number of aged people in our country has increased a
lot and will increase more in future. Special skills are needed to look after the
aged people. The countries in the world where the average life span is much
higher, require many caregivers and caregiving is a prestigious career there. In
the near our country will also need many caregivers in near future. Again, due
to an increase in the number of aged people in every family, we also have to
learn the duties of a caregiver in order to serve the beloved members of our
family.
The activities performed by a caregiver can be divided into

two categories. For example-Making bed, get someone up
Personal Care from bed, brushing teeth, attending to bathroom, washing
hands, applying oil or lotion and combing, shedding nails of
hands and feet, etc.
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Taking medicine as per physician’s advice, taking temperature

General
(using normal thermometer and digital thermometer),
Health Care
measuring diabetes and pressure, etc.
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Life and livelihood
Generally, there are three fields of Caregiving. They are---
a. Personal care
b. Healthcare
c. Social care
Caregiver Shahina said, “So far, we have got introduced with services based of
different fields of caregiving. Now we will get to know about personal care.”
The act of helping or providing services to help accomplish a person’s (self or
others) necessary day-to-day tasks is called personal care.
a. Personal care
1. Making a bed
Let us learn how to make a bed-
First of all, keep the pillows aside and brush

the bed.
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Image 8.2 (a): Waving the bed sheet to clean.
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After that, overlay the bed sheet neatly

(brush or bed-sweep might be used)
Image 8.2 (b): Brushing the bed sheet.
All the edges of the bed sheet may be tucked

tightly (due to this, the bed will be less untidy)
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Image: 8.2 (c): Tucking the bed sheet.
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Life and livelihood
After that, the pillows need to be

arranged neatly towards the head
Image : 8.2 (d) Arranging Pillows in the bed sheet.
2) Helping to rise or get

someone up from bed
● At first uplift the aged
person from laying down
position.
● After that move him or her
gently to the edge of the
bed
● Arrange for releasing his/
her legs gently from bed to
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let them down slowly.

● After that, arrange for
lifting him/her up by
holding the shoulder and
hip. Image 8.3: Helping to rise from the bed
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3) Helping to brush teeth

● Brush the teeth keeping
the brush on the gum
and teeth at a 45 degree
angle.
● Brush from up and down
and down to up, not from
front to back
● Brush after the meal in
the morning and before
going to sleep at night.
● Without making haste,
take the time to brush for
two or three minutes. Image 8.4: Helping to brush teeth
● Don’t use a brush for a
long time; it should be changed in every few months.
● Get the teeth brushed after taking chocolate or sweet dishes.
Things to be followed when brushing teeth

(Necessary materials: toothbrush, toothpaste, and floss)
● Brush the teeth at the front first (up and down).
● Clean the inner
surface
● Clean the tongue
● Gurgle with water
to wash off
● Repeat the process
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2 or 3 times.
Image 8.5: Method of brushing teeth
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Life and livelihood
Cautions or what should not to be done
 You have to brush gently, brushing with excessive pressure damages the
enamel of teeth.
4) Helping to go to the washroom
Aged people need help to go to
and come from the toilet. Even
though aged adults are more
independent, they may need some
help when going to the bathroom.
Aged people run the risk of falling
down or meeting an accident
when going to the washroom
with haste or due to a variation in
blood pressure as they sit down
on or stand up from the toilet. So, Image 8.6 Special arrangements in the bathroom
we have to pay special attention
to their movement in this situation. If needed, a user-friendly toilet stand can
be arranged. Care must be taken that the bathroom or toilet floor is dry, which
means, it should not be slipper
5) Helping to wash hands

1 2
Rules of washing hands
● Get the hands wet with water.
● Apply soap to the surfaces of 3 4
both hands and wrists with soap.

● Rub both the hands together
fast and thoroughly. 5 6
● Make sure to rub the fingers

ends, nails, and both surfaces of
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the wrist. Rub hands and wrists Image 8.7: Washing hands properly
for at lest 20 seconds.
● After that, wash your hands and wrist with clean water.
● Wipe the hands and wrist with a clean towel or dry them in the air.
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Cautions or what should not to be done
 Use a towel or tissue to stop the water tap
 Make sure there is no soap remains on hands
6) Applying oil, lotion and combing hair
A patient or concerned person might require assistance in keeping the external
parts of the body tidy, such as- keeping hair clean and tidy, applying lotion/oil
on hands and feet, using cream on the face, decorating nails, etc. In doing so,
care should be taken that-
● Oil or lotion should be applied to the body, hands, or feet immediately
after bathing or washing hands and face; cream should be applied on
the face.
● Oil should be applied after drying the hair, not when it is wet.
● They should be applied gently with soft massage so that the patient
does get hurt.
● If the hair is long, untangle it well with your hands before combing.
Combing before sleep may bring a sound sleep.
7) Providing assistance in trimming in fingernails and toenails

Nail grooming is a simple but important self-care. Keeping nails short not only
looks good, but it also reduces the chance of having dirt and bacteria which
may cause infection.
Let’s learn how to trim hands and toenails of a old
aged person:
● At first, soften the nails with water.
● Proper tools (nail cutters/blades) need to
be collected.
● Fingernails of both hands and both feet
need to be trimmed.
● The uneven or rough edges of the nails
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need to be smoothen by polishing with a

nail cutter
● After trimming the nails apply a little Image 8.8: Trimming hands
lotion to moisturize to keep the nails soft. and fingernails
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Life and livelihood
Group Work
Get into groups and with the help of the teacher, role-play the above tasks in
the classroom with dummies (if necessary).All the teams have to take part in
role playing. Each group should act out a different task. If someone’s does
not follow the correct method, others will advise and help to him/her to help
them practice.
Individual Work
Practice the above mentioned tasks at home. If someone in your family needs
help at home (could be paternal grandparents or maternal grandparents,
father or mother, younger brother/sister, or someone sick who lives with the
family), you must provide services according to their needs and do the tasks
for them and try to develop those skills through repeated practice. Keep a
record of how many times you’ve done a particular task. After one month fill
in the table as per the instructions of the teacher and show it to him.
Check how much competency we have achieved in which tasks of personal

health care.
Table 8.1: Health care exercise for maintaining good health

How many What How to Expressions
Tasks times I have problems I Solve (My
practiced have faced Feelings) (icon)
Helped to
make bed
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Practiced
lifting up
from bed
158
Helped to
brush teeth
Helped to
go to the
bathroom
Helped to
wash hands
Helped to
apply oil,
lotion, and
cream
Helped to
trim the nails
Comments of the Guardians/persons to whom the services were provided:
b. Health care
After teaching Tushar various personal care techniques, caregiver Shaheen
said, “There are many other personal tasks that you may learn when you grow
up a little more. Now apply whatever I have taught you to take care of your
grandmother regularly.”
She then took the initiative to teach about health care and it’s various applied
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features. Now we will also learn the things one after another that she has taught
Tushar. The health care issues that we will practice include matters relating to
the provision of providing health care necessary for physical and mental health,
such as:
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Life and livelihood
1) Assisting in taking medicine
Learning to assist in taking medicine as prescribed by the doctor, that is, to
help take medicine in the morning, noon, and at night according to the doctor’s
prescription. For example, in the instance of taking tablets/capsules/syrup-
1+1+1 means 1 unit of medicine should be taken thrice a day, in the morning,
at noon, and at night
1+0+1 means 1 unit of medicine should be taken twice a day, in the morning
and at night
0+0+1 means 1 unit of medicine should be taken once a day, only at night
[N.B, 0 = will not eat, 1 = will eat]
Let’s learn how to assist others to take medicine:
● According to the prescription, and based on different times (morning, noon,
afternoon or night) the right medicine should be chosen and separated
accordingly. If needed, put timewise symbols or stickers keeping them in
separate boxes.
● Hold the glass properly to help take water (if needed) and proper medicine.
● You shouldn’t hurry while making someone have medicine
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Morning Noon Night

Image 8.9: Special measure to find the right medicine
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2) Concept of body temperature measuring device

Measuring fever
We can tell if someone has got a fever by touching his forehead. Touching
the forehead with the back of the hand also gives some idea about having a
fever. But one has to measure the body temperature with a thermometer to be
sure about a fever. Different types of thermometers for measuring fever are
available in the market. Moreover, nowadays, thermal scanners are also used
to measure body temperature.
Let’s learn how to measure fever.
In the case of an ordinary thermometer:
1. First, the thermometer should be washed with spirit or soap-water and be
wiped with a clean, dry cloth or napkin tissue.
2. The position of the mercury in the thermometer should be carefully
observed.
3. If it is above 97 degrees Fahrenheit mark, shake it well to bring the mercury
down.
4. 4. For children, the narrow end of the thermometer should be placed under
an arm (armpit) and that hand should be pressed against the body for two
minutes.
5. For adults, it can be placed inside the mouth under the tongue and held
between lips for two minutes.
6. After keeping it for two minutes, check the degree of fever or reading on
the thermometer. The mark in the thermometer that touches the thin black
mark of mercury indicates the patient’s temperature.
7. The reading of the thermometer should be recorded in a specific page
along with the date and time. A table like the one shown below can be used
for this.
8. After use, the thermometer should be washed with clean water and wiped
with a clean cloth or tissue before storing.
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mercury level
Image 8.10: General thermometer
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Life and livelihood
Table 8.2: Keeping records of body temperature
Date Time Thermometer Reading
In the case of a digital thermometer:
1. The thermometer should be washed with spirit or soap-water and wiped

with a dry cloth (Caution: - In case of a digital thermometer, care should
be taken that water does not enter inside).
2. The thermometer should be turned on by pressing the switch.
3. For any child, the narrow end of the thermometer should be placed under
an arm (armpit) and that hand should
be pressed against the body for two/
three minutes.
4. In the case of adults, they might be
asked to place it under the tongue and
hold it between the lips for about two
minutes.
5. The digital thermometer should be
taken out when the music is heard.
6. Now one has to observe temperature
shown on the display.
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Image 8.11: Digital thermometers

7. The reading of the thermometer should
be recorded in a specific page along with the date and time. A table like
the one below can be used for this.
8. After use, the thermometer should be preserved after washing and wiping.
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Table 8.3: Record of body temperature
Date Time Thermometer Reading
project work
Health Camp
Organize a health camp at school. Discuss this with the head teacher, other
class teachers, senior students of the school and other students of your class
and draft a nice plan. The purpose of organizing health camp is to make other
students, teachers and other school staff aware of the caregiver job, explain
its importance to them, explain why everyone needs to learn the caregiver
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job, and show some techniques. Write a report based on the experience after
doing the health camp.
Write a report based on the experience after doing the health camp.
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Life and livelihood
Points to keep in mind while planning health camp

● When to do ● How the camp will be
● Where to do decorated
● How to do ● Who will be invited
● How to collect items needed ● What stalls will be there
for the health camp ● Who will be in charge of
● What services will be which stall
provided ● Who will write the report
● What items will be there in ● Who will be in charge of
the stall maintaining discipline, etc.
If possible, one report can be produced on behalf of the whole class. In that
case, you can divide the total members of the class into 5 groups. Create
headings of the various parts that may go into the report and ask each group
to write about one heading. Then everyone’s writing can be compiled to
create a complete report or you can prepare one report from each group and
submit it to the teacher.
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Image 8.12: Organizing health camp at schools
164
c. Social Care
Shaheena told Tushar, “A person needs not only physical care but also a lot of
emotional support to stay healthy. Opportunities should be created for them to
participate in various social activities. For example, participating in various
social events in an individual’s surroundings, playing sports with them, reading
out newspapers and books, watching television, helping them use mobile
phones, taking them for a walk in the park, taking them to religious events,
helping them with shopping etc.
Image 8.13: Spending caring time
In this age of scientific excellence, the demand for caregivers has increased
Academic Year 2024
highly. Although various robots do many of our jobs, robots do not have the
compassion, empathy, and emotion required for caregiving. That is, we need
human love for people. Hence the demand for caregiving is increasing rapidly
in all countries.
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Life and livelihood
Even in our day-to-day life, we may encounter many children, elderly or sick
people who need immediate help. We will certainly step forward and extend our
helping hands when we face such moments. A moment’s help might save him/her
from a great harm. We must always remember that no one in this world is born
with eternal privileges. Anyone can develop physical or mental problems at any
time. If we stand by each other with compassion, one day others may also stand
by us in times of trouble. Older persons’ right to get service is acknowledged
by our state law. “National Policy on Older Person 2013” has been approved
in Bangladesh to ensure financial, familial and social security along with all
other services and rights. With a view to implementing this regulation, different
government and non-government organizations are working relentlessly. So,
let us all build a humane world together; stand by the family and society with
compassion and love.
Let’s fulfil this world

with affection
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166
Skill Course Three
Poultry Raising
By the end of the lesson, we will be able to-
do chicken farming in simple ways ensuring safe environment and due

cleanliness
The schools of Tanu and Tanmay, two brothers and sister, is closed for summer
vacation. They could not visit anywhere because their parents’ busy schedule.
Today Tanu’s father after returning from work shows train tickets before the
two siblings and says, “Tomorrow morning we all are going to your grandfather’s
house.” Overwhelmed with joy, the two siblings request their father not to
inform their grandmother in order to give her a surprise. Next day when they
reach home it is almost noon. Seeing them, their grandmother’s joys know no
bounds. Telling their small aunt to arrange food for them, their grandmother
sits on a mat together with Tanu and Tanmay in the veranda. Tanu sees that her
Academic Year 2024
small aunt enters a thatched room at the side of the veranda and takes two hens
and goes towards the pond. Housemaid Mariam aunt takes out some eggs from
a cage. Pointing at the thatched house they ask grandmother what it is, she says
that poultry farming is done over there. They go there running and see that 15-
20 chickens are roaming around. Some are eating from the pot; some are sitting
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Life and livelihood
on the loft. They (Tanu and Tanmay) are much amused. They see some more
chickens running around in the yard. Noticing a small house at the side of the
kitchen, Tanmay asks aunt about it is and she replies that it is a chicken coop
(hen house or chicken house).
Image 9.1: Tanu and Tanmay in their grandparents’ house
When Tanu and Tanmay look at their mother inquisitively who is sitting beside
their aunt, she explains to them that the coop is for the chicken to stay at night
which are now loitering outside. The two siblings again go running to their
grandmother and sit beside her. Now begin their curious queries about chicken.
What do chickens feed on? From where these are collected? Why is chicken
farming done? How many eggs do they lay? There are so many more questions!
Grandmother answers the questions one after another and asks, “Now Dadubhai
(grandson) tell me why we are farming chickens.”
Tanmay promptly answers, “Although we came unexpectedly, you did not have
to go to the market to buy chicken”. “Is that all?” said Grandmother. Now Tanu
says, “You didn’t have to buy eggs either.” “Besides, our day to day needs for
nutrition is met and we can also earn more by selling the extra eggs and passing
our time well,” adds grandmother with a sweet smile.
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Tanmay’s face lights up. He asks, “Grandma, is poultry farming a hard job?”
Grandmother says, “Not at all, dadubhai, you can do chicken farming at a small
scale in your flat or in your village home with 2-4 chickens in a case.”
168
Skill Course Three: Poultry Farming
After lunch grandmother has a detailed discussion with the two siblings about
poultry farming. Now we will come to know that discussion.
First of all, let us know the objectives and
advantages of poultry farming:
● Employment opportunities can be created
● Demand for animal protein can be met
● Family nutritional needs can be fulfilled
● The quality of life can be improved by
selling eggs and chickens in the market
● By farming it is possible to earn more
while working from home with a small Image 9.2: Chicken
investment
Usually chicken is farmed in several ways in our country. If there is a yard or
open space in front of the house, it is easily possible to rear chicken there in
open rearing method. In an open space, chicken can be raised in two ways.
a) Open rearing method

b) Half-closed rearing method
In case of open rearing method, chickens are freed from their coop in the early
morning. They roam the homestead all day long and enter the house with the sun-
set. In the half-closed method, there is a particular house/coop for the chickens
along with an adjacent open space. The coop/chicken house is surrounded by
5-6 feet high bamboo sticks or iron nets. The chickens easily roam here and
stay inside the chicken-house at night. Again, if there is scarcity of open space,
chickens can be reared in confined method, and in that case, they are reared a
small scale inside coop at.
Whatever be the method, we have to know the following in order to rear chicken
successfully:
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1. Building house
2. Collecting hatchlings
a) Source
b) Selecting breed
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Life and livelihood
3. Chicken feed
4. Care
5. Disease management: Prevention and Cure
Building chicken-house
To build a chicken-house in open or half-closed rearing method, one need to
collect materials like bamboo, iron wire or thick rope, iron nails, coloured tin
and old board paper.
Now grandmother describes how to build the house with these materials:
● An open space at the corner of the house or room should be selected
● Bamboo should be cut in narrow strips at 2 feet and 3 feet height
● Four strips of 4 feet high bamboo should be cut for the four corners
of the chicken-house
● A frame of the house should be made 1 foot above from the ground
and the bamboo strips should be grounded on the floor and around the
house according to their size with iron nails
● 1 square feet door should be kept along the floor between widths
● The house should be covered with coloured tin or plastic according
to the size
● Clean water and food should be provided in front of the house.
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Image 9.3: Building a chicken-house
170
But these measurements may vary. If coloured tin is unavailable, other tin or
material can be used. If we want to rear chicken in confined method, we can
build chicken-house with the same materials. In that case, the size of the room
should be determined by understanding the amount of space. 2/3 chickens can be
raised by making a small chicken-house in a corner of the balcony in the small
houses of the city. In that case, the chicken-house should be cleaned daily. There
should be light in the room. Leftover food must be removed, or the chicken will
scatter the food all over the house. Care must also be taken to ensure that the
house does not smell because of the chicken. Keeping the house clean regularly
will not cause the smell.
Image 9.4: Chicken-house in small space in a city home
Collection of hatchlings
Where to collect chicks from and what breed of chickens to collect should be
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considered first. In that case, two things should be considered-
A. Source
Suitable sources for obtaining two-months old chicken (known as pullets) are:
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Life and livelihood
● Govt. poultry farm
● Farmer
● Dealer or chicken trader
b. Breeds and characteristics of chickens
There are different breeds of chickens. Some breeds of chickens are reared
only for eggs. Another breed of chicken is reared for meat. Breeds of chickens
can be identified by their characteristics. Let us get to know some breeds of
chickens-
Breed: Faumi (General characteristics)

● They are almost like native chickens in size
● Ear lobes are white, the head comb is small and
red
● Gray on the throat but the rest of the body is a
mixture of white and black
● Restless and clever like native chickens
● Egg production 200-220 per year
Breed: Sonali (General characteristics)

● Slightly larger and lays more eggs than native
chickens
● Feathers can be dark brown or golden or black
and white.
● Legs are long and yellow
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● Each hen lays an average of 160-180 eggs per

year.
172
Breed: Common Desi (General Characteristics)

● Chickens of this breed are not of any specific
color. However, chickens of reddish brown or
reddish black color are now available more.
● Their feet are hairless and white. However, black
legs are also seen.
● Skin is yellowish.
● Single comb is prominent and comb color is red.
But brown or gray comb is also seen.
● Ear lobes with a mixture of white and red are more common.
● Each hen lays an average of 60-90 eggs per year.
Desi/Local breed chicken are found everywhere in Bangladesh. Basically, chicken

those are found in our village and local hat-hazar are most of this breed. This breed is
most costly in the chicken market. This breed has no common colour. Reddish-brown
and reddish-black are the common colour of desi/local breed.
Individual Work
Go to the nearest poultry farm of any breed of chicken of your choice and observe
it well. Write down the characteristics you see in them. If you have anything to
know about chicken from the farmer, try to know it by asking questions.
Chicken feed
Feed plays an important role in keeping chickens healthy. Care should be given to daily
food in domestic chicken farming by family. Chickens, like all animals, need 6 basic
ingredients (sugars, meat, fats, vitamins, minerals and water) in their diet.
By families, native chicken are usually reared in open rearing or free-range method.
Academic Year 2024
Most of the daily needs of the native chicken are met by scavenging method. Our daily
surplus or stale food such as discarded rice, curry, scattered wheat, paddy, insects,
discarded parts of vegetables, grass, leaves, gravel, stones etc. are eaten by native
chickens. Moreover, some additional food is required for the necessary physical growth
and egg production. Since chickens eat more insects in nature, chickens get their
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Life and livelihood
protein from nature. However, in order to increase the productive capacity of chickens,
along with these normal foods, nutritious food should be provided as complementary
food. All types of free-range or semi-free-range chicken require supplemental feed.
However, in case of captive rearing i.e. cage rearing, chicken are fed processed feed or
balanced feed.
The additional food that should be given to chickens is-
● Carbohydrates – rice bran, cracked corn, stale rice.
● Meat and fats - Mustard, broken kalai (black bean), mustard/sesame cake
and fish pulse should be mixed with carbohydrate foods.
● Vitamins and Minerals: These two elements need to be supplied by green
leaves and vegetable leaves, other plant and animal foods.
● Water – Always keep a container of water within range for chickens to
drink when needed.
Preparation of balanced feed (ration) for farm-chicken
If many chickens of Faumi or Sonali breed are kept together for egg or meat, then
to prepare chicken feed mainly broken wheat/maize, rice husk, soybean meal, full
fat soybean, oyster powder, fish meal, salt, vitamin-mineral mixture are required.
This mixture is known as chicken ration. Chicken ration should be prepared by
collecting from reliable sources. To prepare the ration, food should contain a total
of 6 elements as nutrients, such as meat, sugars, minerals, fats or oils, vitamins and
water in prescribed quantities. Now we will learn how to make rations in our own
farm in a simple way.
Wheat Maize Wheat husk Soyabean Academic Year 2024
Rice powder Snail and oyster Crushed rice Balanced grained food
Image 9.5: Various powdered feed for chickens
174
To prepare the ration, the following materials must be collected first-

• Nikti /Balance
• Food ingredients (broken maize, rice husk, soybean meal, oyster powder,
fish meal, salt, vitamin-mineral mixture)
• Shovel
• Empty bag
First, a clean space in the room has to be selected. The necessary ingredients should be
measured one by one and poured on the floor. After that, all the ingredients should be
mixed well by stirring them with a shovel. Mixed food should be stored in bags. The
food should be taken out of the bag and given to the farm chickens as needed.
Preparation of Chicken Feed/Ration (10 kg)
Table 9.1:List of home-made balanced grain feed for chickens of different ages
Ingredients 0-8 weeks 9-18 weeks 19-72 weeks
Broken maize/wheat 5.0 5.0 5.4
Wheat husk 1.0 0.7 0.5
Rice powder 1.0 1.5 1.5
Til cake 1.2 1.0 0.7
Dried fish powder 1.4 1.2 1.0
Bone powder 0.15 0.3 0.25
Crushed oysters 0.2 0.25 0.6
Salt 0.05 0.05 0.05
Total 10.00 10.00 10.00
Table 9.2 Daily feed intake of Faumi and Sonali chickens
Age of chicken Average daily feed Age of chicken Average daily feed
intake per chicken intake per chicken
8th week 45 gm 16th week 78 gm
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13th week 69 gm 21st week 90 gm
14th week 72 gm 22nd-23rd week 95-98 gm
15th week 75 gm 24th-25th week 102-108 gm
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Life and livelihood
Caution
Homemade chicken feed (ration) is not like that made by companies i.e. it does not
look like a tablet (pellet or crumble). It is powdery in nature. But for larger chickens,
it is better to keep the crushed feed ingredients slightly larger. Feeding large chickens
with finely ground (powdered) feed will cause them to eat more food, resulting in
higher feed costs.
Image 9.6: Rations of various size for chickens
Desi/Sonali chicken Maintenance

Daily care of chickens two months old or older
● Healthy chickens should be collected.
● In front of the room where chickens are kept at night, water and food should be
given in specific containers. So that the habit of drinking water and food while
leaving the house and entering the house in the morning is formed.
● Chicken house must be kept dry and clean.
● In order to increase the production capacity of native chickens, a small amount
of additional balanced feed should be given.
● 50-70 grams per head of handmade/ready feed should be given half in the
morning and half in the afternoon.
● Chicken feed should always be kept dry and clean. Along with that, the food
container should also be kept clean and sterile.
● Chicken houses should be regularly cleaned with lime or disinfectant to control
diseases.
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● Treatment and special care should be given to the diseased chicken keeping
them separate from the sound ones.
Annual maintenance
● Once every 2 months deworming medicine should be given dissolved in
water.
176
● Regular vaccination is essential to prevent some communicable diseases
like Ranikhet (Newcastle disease) or Pox. But deworming should be done
ten days before vaccination.
● Chicken lice must be removed.
● Measures to protect against the attack of harmful biological entities i.e.
biosecurity safety must be ensured.
Disease management
Remedies: Important Chicken Diseases, Symptoms and Actions to take
Native/Sonali chickens are relatively disease tolerant but some diseases can
cause severe damage to chickens. There are some diseases that cause all the
chickens to die together. Therefore, if any abnormalities/symptoms occur in the
chicken, necessary measures should be taken. Abnormalities in chickens that are
considered diseases are:
If the chickens
● Defecate lime-like stool
● The head or neck becomes bent, the legs
become paralyzed, the wings droop
● There is shortness of breath and they stop
eating
● Fever occurs Image 9.7: Virus infected chicken
● Pimple-like lumps appear on scalp/lobes/
corners of lips, eyelids.
● They doze keeping the wings open
● Breathe rapidly and stop eating
● Lack of anemia in eyes and face is observed
Apart from these, sick chickens are usually
recognized by sight because-
● Affected chickens will continue to shrivel
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● The chicken feathers will become disheveled

● Laying-hens will almost stop laying eggs
● Sometimes chickens will poop watery feces
Image 9.8: Chicken suffering
● Worms can be seen in the feces from fowl typhoid
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Life and livelihood
Remedy
● Initially diseased chickens should be separated from the healthy ones
● Nearby veterinary hospitals should be contacted
● Advice should be taken from nearby experienced chicken/poultry farmer
Vaccination of chickens
Prevention management of chicken diseases is very important. Vaccination
is used as a preventive measure against diseases in chickens. We all know
that prevention is better than cure. Vaccination can ensure profitable chicken
farming by preventing disease. In this case, the vaccine is collected from a
government institution or a reliable source and vaccination is done according
to the schedule as per the instructions of the manufacturer. Let’s see how to
give vaccines for various diseases-
Day (Age of
Name of disease vaccine Doses
chicken)
Ranikhet BCRDB 3-7 days One drop in the eye
Gumboro (Infectious Gumboro 10-12 days One drop in the eye
Bursal Disease or IBD)
Gumboro Gumboro 17-19 days One drop in the eye
BCRDB
Ranikhet 21-23 days One drop in the eye
(2nd dose)
Pricking needle in
Fowl Pox Fowl Pox 28-30 days a featherless place
under the wings
1 c.c. into the thigh
Ranikhet RDV 60 days
muscle
Fowl
Fowl Cholera 65-70 days 1 c.c. under the skin
Cholera
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Materials required for vaccination

● Syringe
● Vaccines of various diseases
● Dropper
178
What to do in this case-
● Vaccines against various diseases should be procured from reliable sources.
● Healthy chickens should be vaccinated on specific days following the
vaccination schedule.
● Vaccination should be done in the cool part of the day (morning or evening).
● The vaccine should be mixed with distilled water as per the instructions of
the vaccine manufacturer.
● Each chicken should be vaccinated with 1 drop in the eye using a dropper.
Image 9.9: Vaccination of chickens
Cautions
 Do not administer more or less than the prescribed dose.
 Vaccination should be done only after learning and receiving training on
the method of vaccination.
Let us think
• If you keep chickens in a small place, what preparations should be made?
• Will chicken get proper nutrition if even one of the food ingredients is
missing?
• If the amount of food is not appropriate in proportion to the age, what
can be the problem?
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• How to take care of chickens when going somewhere for 1-2 days?
• Where can we go for treatment and advice for sick chickens?
• Which is more important, disease prevention or treatment, to make
poultry farming profitable?
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Life and livelihood
Self-Evaluation
Collect 2/3 chicks from a nearby source with the help of your guardian. Set
up a chicken house and raise the chickens at home with regular care. Monitor
regularly. If there is any problem with the chickens, take prevention and remedy
according to the teacher’s instructions. Fill in the boxes below based on your
experience in keeping chickens.
1. The breed of chickens reared by me:..............................................................
2. Features I considered while selecting the breed of chickens:.........................
3. How I measured the materials for building the chicken-house:......................
4. The kind of food I give daily: .........................................................................
5. The proportions in which the food ingredients I have mixed to make the food
:............................................................................................................................
6. Whether any eggs have been laid, if so, how many:.......................................
7. If suffered from any diseases:.........................................................................
8. If infected, the manner in which the disease was detected:............................

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9. The way I applied medicine:...........................................................................
10. My Chickens’ present condition:..................................................................
180
My feelings about raising chickens:

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181
Life and livelihood
My future wishes or dreams about chicken farming:
Guardian’s opinion about my chicken farming:
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182

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Developed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a textbook according

Life and Livelihood

Writers and Editors

National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh

First Published: December, 2022

For Free Distribution by the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Professor Md. Farhadul Islam

Pleasure in Work 1-21

Transformation of Occupation 22-38

Dreams of Future 39-56

Financial Insight 57-78

My Life My Aim 79-96

Working Jointly 97-112

Skill Course One: Cooking 2 113-148

Skill Course Two: Caregiving 1 149-166

Skill Course Three: Poultry Raising 167-182

সবাই মিলে ঘরের কাজে হাত লাগালে সানন্দে

Completing Personal and Family Chores

1.1 Family Chores

If you did a chore often in a month your score will be- 2

If you did not do a specific chore at all, the score will be – 0

Table 1.1 Reflection

Statement of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Total

Family Income and Expenditure

auto-rickshaw, motorcycle, car, bus, truck, lunch, steamer, and aeroplane.

Bill Payment Clothing

Education Healthcare Academic Year 2024

1.2: Sectors of Family Expenditure

Table 1.2: Weekly household expenditure

Guardian’s Feedback: Teacher’s Comment:

Concepts of budgeting and ability to make family budget

wedding or higher education, old age security, healthcare or purchasing luxury

Accurate Accurate Estimate of Reasonable Flexibility

Let us practice drafting a budget.

1.4: Shilpi Begum is working in the

Total Income Total

Drafting family budget

Source of Amount of Major expenditure Details of Allocation

Total at the end of the

Create a monthly budget at the beginning of a month, record the incomes

Identifying the Financial Activities and Assisting with the Financial

Academic Year 2024

1.5: Children’s Participation in Family Work

Let’s ask ourselves

1.6 Let’s think!

Explain how the above activities help our family financially.

Things we will do from now on to increase our family income:

kids are involved in income-

The finance related tasks we can

Name of the Job:

Write your plan from above feelings.

The new skills I have The way these skills

Analysing the Finance Plan from the

to your good; It is very it is essential From now on, I will

সময় বদলায়, সাথে বদলায় পেশা

Academic Year 2024

Reflection: Through group discussion, as per the teacher’s direction, let’s

Table 2.1: List of Professionals

Conceptualization of economic sector