SPECIFICATION FOR PIPING FITTINGS OF

WROUGHT CARBON STEEL AND ALLOY STEEL

FOR MODERATE AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
SA-234/SA-234M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 234/A 234M-95a.) 98

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
covered by the latest revision of ANSI B16.9, ANSI Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature
B16.11, ANSI B16.28, MSS SP-79, and MSS SP-95. Service
These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, Marten-
pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and sitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts
elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from these Suitable for High-Temperature Service
ANSI and MSS standards shall be furnished in accord- A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
ance with Supplementary Requirement S9. ing of Steel Products
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
for fittings where a greater degree of examination is E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
desired. When desired, one or more of these supplemen- E 709 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
tary requirements may be specified in the order.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
welding fittings are governed by Specifications A 216/ Threaded
A 216M and A 217/A 217M. B16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius El-
bows and Returns
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-
pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order
specifies the applicable “M” designation (SI units), the 2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. Section V Nondestructive Examination
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
Section IX Welding Qualifications
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The 2.4 MSS Standards:
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fit-
therefore, each system must be used independently of tings, Flanges, and Unions
the other. Combining values from the two systems may MSS SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
result in nonconformance with the specification. MSS SP-95 Swage (d) Nipples and Bull Plugs

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SA-234/SA-234M 1998 SECTION II

2.5 ASNT Standard: 5.2 Fittings machined from bar shall be restricted
SNT-TC-1A(1984) Recommended Practice for Nonde- to NPS 4 or smaller. Elbows, return bends, tees, and
structive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certifi- header tees shall not be machined directly from bar
cation stock.

NOTE 1 — Fittings NSP-4 and under may be machined from hot-

forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock having the
3. Ordering Information chemical composition of the grade in Table 1 and the mechanical
properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat treatment shall be in
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall accordance with Section 6. All caps machined from bar stock shall
include the following information: be examined with by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle in accord-
ance with S3 or S4.
3.1.1 Quantity (number of fittings of each kind),
3.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions 5.3 All welds including welds in tubular products
(standard or special), from which fittings are made shall be (1) made by
welders, welding operators, and welding procedures
3.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class desig- qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX,
nation, (2) heat treated in accordance with Section 6 of this
specification, and (3) radiographically examined
3.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance
seamless or welded construction is specified by the with Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits
purchaser either may be furnished at the option of the in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section
supplier), VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel
3.1.5 Additional requirements, if any, (See Code. In place of radiographic examination, welds may
17.5), and be ultrasonically examined in accordance with Appendix
12 of Section VIII. The NDE of welds in Grades WPB,
3.1.6 Supplementary requirements, if any. WPC, WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11
Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2, and WPR may
be performed either prior to or after forming. NDE of
4. Materials welds in Grades WP5, WP9, WP91, WP22 Class 1,
and WP22 Class 3 shall be done after forming.
4.1 The material for fittings shall consist of killed
steel, forgings, bars, plates, seamless or fusion-welded 5.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall
tubular products with filler metal added and shall con- be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
form to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless
otherwise specified for carbon steel plates, the steel
5.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished
may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain
in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-
practice.
35 (a) of ASME Section VIII, Division 1.
4.2 A starting material specification that specifically
requires the addition of any element beyond those listed 5.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming
for the materials in Tables 1 and 2 and for the applicable method(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
grade of material is not permitted. This does not examined by one of the methods specified in Supplemen-
preclude the use of deoxidizers or the judicious use tary Requirement S3 or S4. This examination shall be
of elements for grain size control. performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area
of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by
a circle that covers the area from the weld bevel of
the branch outlet to the center line of the body or run.
5. Manufacture
Internal and external surfaces shall be examined when
5.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed size permits accessibility. No cracks shall be permitted.
by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, Other imperfections shall be treated in accordance with
rolling, bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a Section 12 on Surface Quality. After the removal of
combination of two or more of these operations. The any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the original
forming procedure shall be so applied that it will not method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with the
produce injurious imperfections in the fittings. symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-234/SA-234M

6. Heat Treatment stub ends, NPS 12 and under, shall not require heat
treatment after forming a locally heated portion of the
6.1 Heat Treatment Procedures — Fittings, after
fitting.
forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to
a temperature below the critical range under suitable 6.2.4 Cold-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings,
conditions to prevent injuries by too rapid cooling, but upon which the final forming operation is completed
in no case more rapidly than the cooling rate in still at a temperature below 1150°F [620°C] shall be normal-
air. Heat-treated fittings shall be treated according to ized, or shall be stress relieved at 1100 to 1275°F [595
the following procedures: to 690°C].
6.1.1 Full Annealing — Fittings shall be uniformly 6.2.5 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by
reheated to a temperature above the transformation fusion welding and having a nominal wall thickness
range and after being held for a sufficient time at this at the welded joint of 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] or greater shall
temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the be post-weld heat treated at 1100 to 1250°F [595 to
transformation range. 674°C], or in accordance with 6.2.6.
6.1.2 Isothermal Annealing — Isothermal annealing 6.2.6 At the option of the manufacturer, WPB and
as applied to fittings shall involve austenitizing a ferrous WPC fittings produced by any of the methods in Section
alloy and then cooling to and holding within the range 5 may be annealed, normalized, or normalized and
of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a tempered.
relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.
6.3 Fittings Other than WPB, WPC, and WPR:
6.1.3 Normalizing — Fittings shall be uniformly
6.3.1 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1,
reheated to a temperature above the transformation range
WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12
and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.
Class 2, WP22 Class 1, WP22 Class 3, WP5, and
6.1.4 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment — WP9 shall be furnished in the full-annealed, isothermal-
Fittings shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature annealed, or normalized and tempered condition. If
below the transformation range, held at temperature for normalized and tempered, the tempering temperature
the greater of 1⁄2 h or 1 h/in. [2.4 min/mm] of thickness for WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3,
at the thickest section and cooled in the furnace or in WP12 Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 shall not be less
still air. than 1150°F [620°C]; for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22
Class 1, and WP22 Class 3 the tempering temperature
6.1.5 Stress Relieving — Fittings shall be uniformly shall not be less than 1250°F [675°C].
heated; temperature shall not vary by more than 625°F
[614°C] from the selected stress relieving temperature. 6.3.2 Fittings of Grades WP1 or WP12 Class 2
either hot formed or cold formed may be given a final
6.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings:
heat treatment at 1200°F [650°C] instead of the heat
6.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings treatment specified in 6.3.1.
upon which the final forming operation is completed
at a temperature above 1150°F [620°C] and below 6.3.3 Fittings in all thicknesses produced by fusion
1800°F [980°C] need not be heat treated provided they welding after the heat treatment specified in 6.3.1 shall
are cooled in still air. If the manufacturer elects to be post-weld heat treated at a temperature not less than
heat treat such fittings, it shall be by one of the prescribed above for tempering except that Grade WP1
procedures defined in 6.1 through 6.1.4. is required to be post-weld heat treated only when the
nominal wall thickness at the welded joint is 1⁄2 in.
6.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR [13 mm] or greater.
fittings finished at temperature in excess of 1800°F
[980°C] shall subsequently be annealed, normalized, or 6.3.4 Except when Supplementary Requirement
normalized and tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 S12 is specified by the purchaser, Grade WP91 shall be
or smaller need not be heat treated. normalized at 1900°F [1040°C] minimum, and 2000°F
[1095°C] maximum, and tempered at 1350°F [730°C]
6.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by minimum as a final heat treatment.
locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any
temperature for forming shall be subsequently annealed, 6.4 WPB and WPC Fittings Made from Bar — Cold-
normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such finished bars reduced in cross-sectional area more than
as elbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint 10% by cold drawing or cold rolling are not acceptable

355
SA-234/SA-234M 1998 SECTION II

for use in the manufacture of these fittings unless the neously. Instead, it is intended that only the elongation
bars have been either stress relieved in the temperature requirement that is appropriate for the specimen used
range of 1100 to 1250°F [595 to 675°C], normalized, be applicable.
normalized and tempered, or fully annealed. Mechanical
testing must be performed subsequent to the final heat- 8.2 One tension test shall be made on each heat of
treating operation. material and in the same condition of heat treatment
as the finished fittings it represents. The sample thick-
6.5 Liquid quenching followed by tempering shall ness shall not vary more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] from the
be permitted for all grades when approved by the fitting wall thickness it represents.
purchaser. Minimum tempering temperature shall be
1100°F [595°C] for WPB, WPC, and WPR, 1150°F 8.3 When cold-formed fittings are furnished, samples
[620°C] for Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class of the raw material shall be normalized or stress relieved
2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 as required in 6.2.4. Tension tests conducted on these
and 1250°F [675°C] for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22 heat-treated samples shall be considered to be the tensile
Class 1, and WP22 Class 3, and 1350°F [730°C] for properties of the cold-formed fittings.
Grade WP91.
8.4 Records of the tension tests shall be certification
that the material of the fitting meets the tensile require-
ments of this specification provided the heat treatments
7. Chemical Composition
are the same. If the raw material was not tested, or
7.1 The chemical composition of each cast or heat the fitting is not in the same condition of heat treatment,
used shall be determined and shall conform to the the fitting manufacturer shall perform the required test
requirements of the chemical composition for the respec- on material representative of the finished fitting from
tive materials listed in Table 1. The ranges as shown each heat of starting material.
have been expanded to include variations of the chemical
analysis requirements that are listed in the various
specifications for the starting materials (pipe, tube, plate,
bar, and forgings) normally used in the manufacturing 9. Hardness
of fittings to this specification. Test Methods, Practices,
9.1 Fittings shall be capable of meeting the following
and Terminology A 751 shall apply.
hardness requirements, if tested:
7.2 Weld metal used in the construction of carbon-
steel fittings shall be mild steel analysis No. A1 of 9.1.1 Fittings of Grades WP5, WP9, and WPR —
Table QW-442, Section IX of the ASME Boiler and 217 HB maximum.
Pressure Vessel Code; No. A2 may be used for Grade
9.1.2 Fittings of Grade WP91 — 248 HB
WPCW.
maximum.
7.3 The molybdenum and chromium content of the
deposited weld metal of alloy steel fittings shall be 9.1.3 Fittings of all other grades — 197 HB
within the same percentage range as permitted for the maximum.
base metal.
9.2 When actual hardness testing of the fittings is
required, see Supplementary Requirement S8.

8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 The tensile properties of the fitting material shall
conform to the requirements listed in Table 2. The 10. Hydrostatic Tests
testing shall be performed in accordance with Test 10.1 Hydrostatic testing is not required by this speci-
Methods and Definitions A 370. fication.
8.1.1 Specimens cut either longitudinally or trans-
10.2 All fittings shall be capable of withstanding
versely shall be acceptable for the tension test.
without failure, leakage, or impairment of their service-
8.1.2 While Table 2 specifies elongation require- ability, a hydrostatic test pressure equal to that pre-
ment for both longitudinal and transverse specimens, scribed for the specified matching pipe of equivalent
it is not the intent that both requirements apply simulta- material.

356
 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-234/SA-234M

11. Dimensions the discontinuity exceeds 331⁄3% of the nominal wall

thickness or the length exceeds 25% of the nominal
11.1 Butt-welding fittings and butt-welding short
diameter of the fittings. Discontinuities shall be com-
radius elbows and returns purchased in accordance with
pletely removed before welding. All welds shall be made
this specification shall conform to the dimensions and
by welders, welding operators, and welding procedures
tolerances given in the latest revision of ANSI B16.9 and
qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX
B16.28, respectively. Steel socket-welding and threaded
and heat treated after welding in accordance with
fittings purchased in accordance with this specification
Section 6.
shall conform to the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and
tolerances specified in the latest revision of ANSI
B16.11 or MSS SP-79.
14. Inspection
11.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these
14.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s
standards, but meeting all other requirements of this
inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy
specification may be furnished in accordance with Sup-
him that the material is being furnished in accordance
plementary Requirement S9.
with this specification. Inspection by the purchaser shall
not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer, unless
otherwise agreed to.
12. Surface Quality
14.2 Other tests, when required by agreement, shall
12.1 Fittings supplied under this specification shall
be made from material of the lots covered in the order.
be examined visually. Selected typical surface disconti-
nuities shall be explored for depth. The fittings shall
be free of surface discontinuities that penetrate more
15. Rejection and Rehearing
than 5% of the specified nominal wall thickness, except
as defined in 12.3 and 12.4, and shall have a workman- 15.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements
like finish. of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should
be reported to the producer or supplier promptly in
12.2 Surface discontinuities deeper than 5% of the
writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of
specified nominal wall thickness, except as defined in
the tests, the producer or supplier may make claim for
12.3 and 12.4, shall be removed by the manufacturer
a rehearing.
by machining or grinding to sound metal, and the
repaired areas shall be well faired. The wall thickness 15.2 Fittings that develop defects in shopworking or
at all points shall be at least 871⁄2% of the specified application operations may be rejected. Upon rejection,
nominal wall thickness, and the diameters at all points the manufacturer shall be notified promptly in writing.
shall be within the specified limits.
12.3 Surface checks (fish scale) deeper than 1⁄64 in.
16. Certification
[0.4 mm] shall be removed.
16.1 When requested by the purchase, the manufac-
12.4 Mechanical marks deeper than 1⁄16 [1.6 mm]
turer shall provide a certificate of compliance to this
shall be removed.
specification. In addition, if requested to provide test
12.5 When the removal of a surface discontinuity reports, the manufacturer shall also provide the follow-
reduces the wall thickness below 871⁄2% of the specified ing where applicable.
nominal wall thickness at any point, the fitting shall
16.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 7 (Ta-
be subject to rejection or to repair as provided in
ble 1),
Section 13.
16.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 8 (Table
2), report the yield strength and ultimate strength in
13. Repair by Welding ksi [MPa] and elongation in percent,
13.1 The fittings manufacturer may weld repair fit- 16.1.3 Hardness acceptable in accordance with
tings, subject to the approval of the purchaser, provided Section 9,
the composition of the welding material is suitable for
16.1.4 Type heat treatment, if any, Section 6,
the composition of the metal being welded. Repair by
welding shall not be permitted when the depth of 16.1.5 Seamless or welded,

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SA-234/SA-234M 1998 SECTION II

16.1.6 Starting material, specifically pipe, plate, (see Note 2), schedule number or nominal wall thickness
etc., designation, size, grade and class (listed in Table 1) and
the heat number or manufacturer’s heat identification.
16.1.7 Statement regarding radiographic or ultra-
Fittings containing welds which have been ultrasonically
sonic examination, 5.3 and
examined in lieu of radiography shall be marked “U”
16.1.8 Any supplemental testing required by the after heat identity.
purchase order.
NOTE 2 — For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer
16.2 Letters of compliance and test reports shall is considered the organization that certifies the piping component
complies with this specification.
state the specification number, year of issue, revision
letter (if any), grade and class of the fittings. 17.3 The prescribed information for threaded or
socket-welding fittings shall be: The manufacturer’s
16.3 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection,
name or trademark (see Note 2), pressure class or
or similar document printed from or used in electronic
schedule number and grade and class (listed in Table
form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmis-
1), and the heat number or the manufacturer’s heat
sion shall be regarded as having the same validity as
identification.
a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The
content of the EDI transmitted document must meet 17.4 Specification number, year of issue and revision
the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and letter are not required on fittings.
conform to any existing EDI agreement between the
17.5 Bar Coding — In addition to the requirements
purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence
in 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, and 17.4, bar coding is acceptable
of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser
transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
may specify in the order a specific bar coding system
to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at the
discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with
17. Product Marking
one of the published industry standards for bar coding.
17.1 All fittings shall have the prescribed information If used on small fittings, the bar code may be applied
stamped or otherwise suitably marked on each fitting to the box or a substantially applied tag.
in accordance with the Standard Marking System for
Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions (MSS SP-25, latest
edition).
18. Keywords
17.2 The prescribed information for butt-welding
fittings shall be: The manufacturer’s name or trademark 18.1 chemical analysis; grade WPC

358
 TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
NOTE 1 — All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2 — Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.

Composition, %
Grade and
Marking Phosphorus,
Symbol A Carbon Manganese max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Others

WPB B,C,D 0.30 max 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min ... ... . . . . . . . . .
WPCC,D 0.35 max 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min ... ... . . . . . . . . .
WP1 0.28 max 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP12 CL1, 0.50–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 max 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 . . . . . . . . .
WP12 CL2
WP11 CL1 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...

359
WP11 CL2, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL3
WP22 CL1, 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 ... ... ...
WP22 CL3
WP5 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 max 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP9 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.25–1.00 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 ... ... ...
WPR 0.20 max 0.40–1.06 0.045 0.050 ... ... ... 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25 ...
WP91 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.40 max ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium 0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.03–0.07
PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Aluminum 0.04 max

A When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter ‘‘W’’.
B Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.
C Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.
D For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
SA-234/SA-234M
SA-234/SA-234M 1998 SECTION II

TABLE 2
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
NOTE — Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
WPC, WP11 CL1,
Grade and Marking WP11 CL2, WP22 CL1, WP11 CL3,
Symbol WPB WP12 CL2 WP1 WP5, WP9 WPR WP22 CL3 WP91 WP12 CL1

Tensile strength, range 60–85 70–95 55–80 60–85 63–88 75–100 85–110 60–85
ksi [MPa] [415–585] [485–655] [380–555] [415–585] [435–610] [520–690] [590–760] [415–585]
Yield strength, min, ksi 35 [240] 40 [275] 30 [205] 30 [205] 46 [315] 45 [310] 60 [415] 32 [220]
[MPa] (0.2% offset
or 0.5% extension-
under-load)
Elongation Requirements

Grades

All Grades except WPR

and WP91 WPR WP91

Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or small 22 14 20 ... 20 ...
proportional specimen, min % in 4 D
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 30 20 A 28 ... ... ...
5⁄
16 in. [7.94 mm] and over, and for
all small sizes tested in full section;
min % in 2 in. [50 mm]
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness B B B ... ... ...
less than 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; min % in
2 in. [50 mm] (1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] wide
specimen)
A
WPB and WPC fittings manufactured from plate shall have a minimum elongation of 17%.
B
For each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5% for longitudinal and 1.0% for transverse
from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the minimum value for various wall thicknesses.

Wall Thickness Grades

All Grades except WPR WPR

in. [mm] Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

5⁄ (0.312) 7.94 30.0 20.0 28.0 . . .
16
9⁄ (0.281) 7.14 28.5 19.0 26.5 . . .
32
1⁄ (0.250) 6.35 27.0 18.0 25.0 . . .
4
7⁄
32 (0.219) 5.56 25.5 ... 23.5 . . .
3⁄
16 (0.188) 4.76 24.0 ... 22.0 . . .
5⁄
32 (0.156) 3.97 22.5 ... 20.5 . . .
1⁄
18 (0.125) 3.17 21.0 ... 19.0 . . .
3⁄
32 (0.094) 2.38 19.5 ... 17.5 . . .
1⁄
16 (0.062) 1.59 18.0 ... 16.0 . . .
NOTE — This table gives the computed minimum % elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall
thickness lies between two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:
Direction of Test Equation
Longitudinal E p 48 t + 15.00
Transverse E p 32 t + 10.00

where:
E p elongation in 2 in. or [50 mm], %, and,
t p actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-234/SA-234M

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order, in which
event, the supplementary requirements specified shall be made at the place of
manufacture, unless otherwise agreed upon, at the purchaser’s expense. The test
specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser’s inspector before shipment of material,
if so specified in the order.

S1. Product Analysis S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S1.1 A product analysis shall be made from each S3.1 All surfaces shall be liquid penetrant examined
heat of base metal and, if of welded construction, from in accordance with Practice E 165. Acceptance limits
each lot number of welding material of the fittings shall be specified by the purchaser. Personnel performing
offered for delivery. The analysis shall conform to the the examination shall be qualified in accordance with
requirements specified in Section 7. (See Note 3.) SNT-TC-1A.

NOTE 3 — If the results of any of the tests specified in S1 or S2

do not conform to the requirements, retests may be made at the
manufacturer’s expense on additional fittings or representative test S4. Magnetic-Particle Examination
pieces of double the original number from the same heat or lot as
defined in S1 or S2, each of which shall conform to the requirements S4.1 All accessible surfaces shall be magnetic particle
specified.
examined in accordance with Practice E 709. Acceptance
limits shall be specified by the purchaser. Personnel
performing the examination shall be qualified in accord-
ance with SNT-TC-1A.
S2. Tension Test
S2.1 One tension test shall be made on one fitting
or representative test piece (see Note 4) per lot (see S5. Hydrostatic Test
Note 5) of fittings. If the fittings are of welded construc- S5.1 A hydrostatic test shall be applied as agreed
tion, the tension specimen shall include the weld and upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
shall be prepared so that the weld is at the mid length
location of the specimen. However, in no case shall
the tensile properties of the finished fittings be less
than the requirements listed in Table 2. (See Note 3.) S6. Bar Stock Fittings
S6.1 Bar stock fittings shall not be permitted.
NOTE 4 — Representative Test Piece: Where the test specimen for
the tension test cannot be taken from a fitting due to size limitations,
a representative test piece shall be obtained. The test piece shall be
from the same heat and heat treated in the same batch or charge
as the fittings it represents and shall have approximately the same S7. Special Heat Treatment
amount of working. In addition, test pieces representing fittings
manufactured from bars, plate, or forgings shall have a cross section S7.1 A special heat treatment shall be applied as
equal to the greatest cross section of the fitting; and test pieces agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser
representing fittings manufactured from pipe shall have a wall thick-
ness equal to those of the fitting. The test piece for fittings of (Section 6).
welded construction shall be prepared to the same weld procedures
and from the same heats of material as the fittings it represents.

NOTES 5 — A lot shall consist of all fittings of the same type, S8. Hardness Test
size, and wall thickness, manufactured from one heat of material
(and, if welding is performed, using one lot number of electrodes S8.1 If actual hardness testing of the fittings is
or one heat of weld wire and one lot number of flux), heat treated required, the frequency and the method used shall be
in either a continuous or batch-type furnace controlled within a range
625°F [614°C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
complete records of heat treatment are available. purchaser.

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SA-234/SA-234M 1998 SECTION II

S9. Special Fittings S11.2 When the configuration or size does not permit
marking directly on the fitting, the marking method
S9.1 Partial compliance fittings of size or shape not
shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer
conforming to the dimensional requirements of ANSI
and the purchaser.
B16.9, B16.11, B16.28, MSS SP-79, and MSS SP-95
shall meet all other requirements of this specification.
In addition to the marking required by Section 17, the
S12. Alternative Heat Treatment — Grade WP91
grade designation symbol shall be followed by the
symbol “S9”. S12.1 Grade WP91 shall be normalized in accordance
with 6.3.3 and tempered at a temperature, to be specified
by the purchaser, less than 1350°F [730°C]. It shall
S10. Heat Treatment of Concentric Reducers be the purchaser’s responsibility to subsequently temper
the entire fitting at 1350°F [730°C] minimum. All
S10.1 Concentric reducers formed by local heating mechanical tests shall be made on material heat treated
of the fitting shall subsequently be annealed, normalized, in accordance with 6.3.3. The certification shall refer-
or normalized and tempered. ence this supplementary requirement indicating the ac-
tual tempering temperature applied. The notation “S12”
shall be included with the required marking of the
S11. Marking Small Fittings fitting.
S11.1 For small products where the space for marking
is less than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports
S13. Phosphorous and Sulphur Content
are mandatory and marking may be restricted to only
such symbols or codes as are necessary to identify the S13.1 The phosphorous and sulphur contents of the
parts with test reports. fittings shall not exceed 0.025%.

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