Questions

Q1.

The diagram shows a model of the human breathing system.

The rubber sheet is pulled downwards so that the air inside the glass jar occupies a larger volume.
The temperature of the air does not change.
(a) Explain, in terms of particles, why the pressure of the air inside the glass jar decreases.
(3)
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(b) Before the rubber sheet is pulled down, the air inside the jar is at atmospheric pressure.
The volume of gas inside the jar increases from 110 cm3 to 140 cm3.
Calculate the pressure inside the jar after the rubber sheet is pulled down.
[atmospheric pressure = 101 kPa]
(3)

pressure = ........................................................... Pa
(c) The jar is sealed, but the balloons are open to the atmosphere.
Before the rubber sheet is pulled down, the air inside the balloons is at atmospheric pressure.
Explain why the balloons start to expand when the rubber sheet is pulled down.
 (3)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q2.

The diagram shows a simple barometer designed to measure atmospheric pressure.

(a) (i) State the formula linking pressure difference, height, density and gravitational field strength, g.
(1)

(ii) The total pressure at point X is 117 kPa.

The pressure of the trapped gas is 12 kPa.
Calculate the height of the liquid above point X.
[density of liquid = 1.36 × 104 kg/m3]
(4)

height = ........................................................... m
(b) The Sun shines onto the barometer, increasing the temperature of the trapped gas.
The volume of the trapped gas remains constant.
(i) Explain why the pressure of the trapped gas increases as its temperature increases.
(3)
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(ii) The temperature of the trapped gas increases from 23 °C to 38 °C.
The pressure of the trapped gas is 12 kPa when its temperature is 23 °C.
Calculate the pressure of the trapped gas when its temperature is 38 °C.
(4)

pressure = ........................................................... kPa

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q3.

The diagram shows an empty metal container that has a hole in the top.

(a) Describe how the air molecules in the container exert a pressure on its inner walls.
(3)
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(b) The container is heated for a long time.
Explain what happens to the number of air molecules in the container.
(2)
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(c) A lid is placed on the hot container.
The lid seals the hole and the container is allowed to cool.
As the container cools, it collapses.

Explain why the container collapses.

(2)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)