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    Physics 4

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    Physics 4

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    james150lb
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    Physics_4

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    Physics 4

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    Static friction keeps an object “stuck” on a surface and prevents its motion.

    Friction at a surface is one example of a resistive force, a force that opposes or resists motion. The resistive
    force experienced by objects moving through fluids (gasses and liquids) is called drag. Drag can be a significant
    force for objects moving at high speeds or in dense fluids.
    Thrust, a force, occurs when a jet or rocket engine expels gas molecules at high speed; propels it forward; a
    contact force; the exhaust gas being the agent that pushes on the engine, opposite the direction in which the
    exhaust gas is expelled.
    Electric and magnetic forces: long range; molecular bond – electric forces in the atoms.
    Mass: amount of matter an object contains.
    Inertial: The tendency of an object to resist acceleration.
    Inertial mass: the mass used as a measure of an object’s resistance to changing its motion
    Gravitational mass:

    Newton’s zeroth law: An object responds only to the forces acting on it at this instant. The object has no
    memory of forces that may have been exerted at earlier times.
    Newton’s first law: An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion continues at constant speed in a
    straight line (i.e. constant velocity) if and only if the net force on the object is zero. It is also the basis for
    identifying the inertial reference frames in which Newton’s laws are valid. Also known as the law of inertia.
    Newton’s second law: A net force causes an object to accelerate proportional to the size of the force.
    Newton’s third law: For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. The two members of an
    action/reaction pair act on two different objects; equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

    An object at rest or moving with constant velocity is said to be in mechanical equilibrium (acceleration=0).
    Newton’s first law says no cause is needed for an object to move! Uniform motion is the object’s natural
    state. Nothing at all is required for it to remain in that state. The proper question is: What causes an object to
    change its velocity? A force is what causes an object to change its velocity. The purpose of the first law is to
    identify a force as something that disturbs a state of equilibrium. The second law then describes how the
    object responds to this force. An inertial reference frame is at rest or moving with constant velocity.
    Accelerating reference frames are not inertial reference frames. Consequently, Newton’s laws are not valid in
    an accelerating reference frame. The earth is not exactly an inertial reference frame because the earth rotates
    on its axis and orbits the sun. However, the earth’s acceleration is so small that violations of Newton’s laws
    can be measured only in very careful experiments. We will treat the earth and laboratories attached to the
    earth as inertial reference frames, an approximation that is exceedingly well justified.

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