IIT JAM

Fluid Mechanics

Mechanics

With:
AMIT RANJAN
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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

Question 1

If the pressure at half the depth of a lake is equal to 2/3 pressure at the bottom of
the lake then what is the depth of the lake

a. 10 m

b. 20 m

c. 60 m

d. 30 m

Question 2

An iceberg is floating in sea water. Density of ice is 0.92 gm/cm3 that of sea water
is 1.03 gm/cm3 . What percentage of the iceberg is below the surface of water

a. 3

b. 11

c. 89

d. 92

Question 3

Pressure gradient in the horizontal direction in a static fluid is represented by (here

z is the vertical direction and x is the horizontal direction and d is the density)

a. dp/dx = 0

b. dp/dx = dg

c. dp/dz= 0

d. dp/dz= -dg

Question 4

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

A cylinder filled with water sits on a table . You then poke a small hole through the
side of the cylinder , 20 cm below the top of water surface. The speed of the fluid
emerging from the table is

Question 5

Suppose that a 15m/s wind is blowing across the roof of your house. The den-
sity of air is 1.29 kg/m3

a. determine the reduction in pressure that accompanies this wind

b. explain why some roofs are blown outward during high winds.

Question 5

An airplane has an effective wing surface area of 16 m2 that is generating the lift
force. In level flight the air speed over the top of the wings is 62 m/s , while the
speed beneath the wings is 54 m/s . What is the weight of the plane

Question 6

Water at a gauge pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows into an office building
at a speed of 0.06 m/s through a pipe of 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipes taper down
to 2.6 cm in diameter by the top floor , 20 cm above. Calculate the flow velocity
and the gauge pressure in such a pipe on the top floor. (ignore viscosity)

Question 7

A jet of water having velocity 10 m/s and stream cross section 2 cm2 hits a flat
plate perpendicular with water splashing out parallel to plate. The plate experien-
ces a force of

a. 10 N

b. 20 N

c. 100 N

d. 200 N

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Question 8

The volume of a liquid flowing per sec out of an orifice at the bottom of a tank
does not depend upon

a. the height of the liquid above the surface

b. acceleration due to gravity

c. area of the orifice

d. density of the liquid

Question 9

A shower head has 20 circular opening each of radius 1 mm. Shower head is con-
nected to a pipe of radius 0.8 cm. Speed of water in pipe is 3 m/s . Speed of water
as it exits from shower opening is

a. 7.6 m/s

b. 5.6 m/s

c. 9.6 m/s

d. 3.6 m/s

Question 10

A closed vessel is half filled with water. There is a hole near the top of the ves-
sel and air is pumped out from the hole

a. pressure at the surface of water will decrease

b. density of liquid will decrease

c. the water level will rise up in the vessel

d. force by the water on the bottom of vessel will decrease

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Question 11

A tank is filled in such a way that up to h of the tank is filled with a liquid with
density 2ρ and above that 2h height (total height of the tank with liquid is 3h).√If a
hole is made at the bottom of the tank then the velocity of outgoing fluid is α gh
. The value of α is

Question 12

Water is moving with a speed of 5.18 m/s through a pipe with cross section area
4.20 cm2 . The water gradually descends 9.66 m as the pipe increases in area 7.60
cm2 . The speed of flow at lower level is

Question 13

A tank is filled with a liquid up to height H. A small hole is made at the bot-
tom . Let t1 be the time taken to empty first half and t2 is the time taken to empty
second half. Then tt12 is equal to —–

Question 14

Water filled in an empty tank of area 10A through a tap of cross sectional area
πt
A. Speed of water flowing out of tap is V = 10(1 − sin 30 ) . The height of water
level from the bottom of tank at t=1 sec is a-b/π then the value of a+b is

Question 15

A soap bubble has radius r and surface tension T. The excess pressure in the bubble is

a. T/r

b. 2T/r
c. 4T/r

d. (T-1)/2r

Question 16

A kite boarder is flying a kite on a windy days, area of the kite is 4 m2 . The

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wind speed is 9 m/s . The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3 . If the kite is designed such
that the air is stationary an inner surface , then force acting on the outer surface is
—- N

Question 17

A large tank is filled with water up to a height H. A small hole is made at the
bottom of tank. Area of hole is A. Density of water is ρ then
√
a. rate of volume of water flowing out is A 2gH
ρhg
b. average pressure on walls is 2
due to liquid

c. force exerted by water flowing out of tank is ρghA

d. time taken to empty the tank is proportional to H.

Question 18

Consider a spherical ball of mass m and radius r falling through a liquid with visco-
sity η and density σ under gravity. The terminal velocity is

2r2 3m
a. 9η
g( 4πr 3 − σ)

4r2 3m
b. 9η
g( 4πr 3 − σ)
mg
c. 6πηr

mg
d. 3πηr

Question 19

A spherical bubble of radius 0.5 cm is created at the bottom of a 70 m deep lake.

The radius of the bubble when it reaches just below the surface is

a. 0.5 cm

b. 2 cm

c. 0.25 cm

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d. 1 cm

Question 20

The time period of a simple pendulum is T. The relative density of the bob with
respect to water is n . If bob is put into water and allowed to oscillate. Assuming
no viscous force. The time period of pendulum is

a. T(n-1)

b. T (n − 1)1/2

n
p
c. T n−1

T
d. (n−1)1/2

Question 21

An incompressible fluid is stored in a tank of radius 5m and height 3m . If the

fluid is allowed to escape from a valve of radius 5cm at the bottom . The rate at
which the fluid level in the tank is dropping is —- ×10−4 m/s

Question 22

A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume immersed in the liquid.
When the whole system accelerates upwards with a net acceleration of g/3. The
fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will be

a. 1

b. 3/2

c. 2/3

d. 3/4

Question 23

An inverted bell lying at the bottom of a lake 47.6 m deep has 50 cm3 of air trapped

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in it. The bell is brought to the surface of the lake. The volume of the trapped air
will be (atm pressure 70 cm of Hg and density of Hg= 13.6 g/cm3 ) answer must by
in cm3

a. 350

b. 300

c. 250

d. 22

Question 24

The height of a mercury barometer is 75 cm at sea level and 50 cm at the top

of a hill. Ratio of density of mercury to that of air is 104 . The height of the hill is

a. 250 m

b. 2.5 km

c. 1.25 km

d. 750 m

Question 25

Density of ice is ρ and that of water is σ . What will be the decrease in volume
when a mass M of ice melts

M
a. σ−ρ

σ−ρ
b. M

c. M ρ1 − 1
σ

d. 1/M( ρ1 − σ1 )

Question 26

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Equal masses of water and a liquid of density 2 are mixed together , then the
mixture has a density of

a. 2/3

b. 4/3

c. 3/2

d. 3

Question 27

A sample of metal weighs 210 gm is air , 180 gm in water and 120 gm in liquid
. The relative density of

a. metal is 3

b. metal is 7

c. liquid is 3

d. liquid is 1/3

Question 28

Two solids A and B float in water. It is observed that A floats with half its volume
immersed and B floats with 2/3 of its volume immersed. Compare the densities of
A and B

a. 4:3

b. 2:3

c. 3:4

d. 1:3

Question 29

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Two water pipes of diameters 2 cm and 4 cm are connected with the main sup-
ply line. The velocity of flow of water in the pipe of 2cm diameter is

a. 4 times that in other pipe

b. 1/4 times that in the other pipe

c. 2 times that in the other pipe

d. 1/2 times that in the other pipe

Question 30

A manometer connected to a closed tap reads 3.5 × 105 N/m2 . When the valve
is opened, the reading of manometer falls to 3.0 × 105 N/m2 , the velocity of flow of
water is

a. 100 m/s

b. 10 m/s

c. 1 m/s
√
d. 10 10 m/s

Question 31

A large tank filled with water to a height h is to be emptied through a small hole
at the bottom . The ratio of times taken for the level of water to fall from h to h/2
and from h/2 to 0 is
√
a. 2
√
b. 1/ 2
√
c. 2−1

d. √1
2−1

Question 32

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A large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole of side L at
a depth y from the top and the other is a circular hole of radius R at a depth 4y
from the top. When the tank is completely filled with water the quantities of water
flowing out per second from both the holes are same then R is equal to

a. 2πL

b. √L
2π

c. L

L
d. 2π

Question 33

There is a hole of area A at the bottom of cylindrical vessel . Water is filled up

to a height h and water flows out in t second. If water is filled to a height 4h , it
will flow out in time t is equal to

a. t

b. 4t

c. 2t

d. t/4

Question 34

As a bubble comes from the bottom of a lake to the top , its radius (consider
there is no significant change in temperature )

a. increases

b. decreases

c. does not change

d.becomes zero

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Question 35

A boy carries a wooden block in one hand and a bucket filled with water on the
other hand. Now if he places the wooden block into the water then the weight car-
ried by him is

a. less than before

b. more than before

c. same as before

d. depends on his speed

Question 36

A wooden piece of mass 10g is suspended by a vertical spring. The spring elongates
1cm over its natural length to keep the piece in equilibrium. A beaker containing
water is now placed below the piece so as to immerse the piece completely in water.
The elongation of the spring is (density of copper 9000 kg/m3

a. 0.90 cm

b. 0.95 cm

c. 1.05 cm

d. 0.85 cm

Question 37

A cylindrical object of diameter 10 cm , height 20 cm and density 8000 kg/m3

is supported by a vertical spring and is half dipped in water. The elongation of the
spring in equilibrium condition is

a. 21 cm

b. 22 cm

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c. 23 cm

d. 24 cm

Question 38

The area of cross section of the two arms of a hydrualic press are 1cm2 and 10
cm2 respectively. A force of 5N is applied on the water in the thinner arm. The
force should be applied on the water in the thicker arm so that the water may remain
in equilibrium is —- N.

Question 39

A spherical aluminium ball of mass 1.26 kg contains an empty spherical cavity that
is concentric with the ball. The ball just barely floats in water. The radius of the
cavity is — cm

Question 40

A cylindrical of height 20 m is completely filled with water. The velocity of ef-

flux of water in m/s through a small hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its
bottom is —- .

Question 41

A liquid is flowing through a horizontal table. The velocities of the liquid in the
two sections, which have areas of cross-section A1 and A2 , the volumes are V1 and
V2 respectively. The difference in the two levels of the two liquid in the two vertical
tubes is h. Which of the following is true

a. The volume of the liquid flowing through the tube in unit time is A1 V1
√
b. V2 − V1 = 2gh

c. V22 − V12 = 2gh

d. The total energy per unit mass of the liquid is the same in both sections of
the tube

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

Question 42

The pressure acting on a submarine is 3 × 105 Pa at a certain depth. If the depth

is doubled , the percentage increase in the pressure acting on the submarine would be

a. 200/3%

b. 40%

c. 5/200%

d. 3/200%

Question 43

Consider a water tank of cross sectional area of 0.4m2 . The tank has an ope-
ning near the bottom whose cross sectional area is 1cm2 . A load of 24kg is applied
on the water at the top when the height of the water level is 40cm above the bottom.
The velocity of water coming out of the bottom opening is v m/s. To the nearest
integer the value of v is .......

Question 44

Two liquids of densities 2ρ and ρ having their volumes in the ratio 3:2 are mi-
xed together. Density of the mixture will be
2ρ
a. 3

b. ρ/2
8ρ
c. 5

4ρ
d. 5

Question 45

A submarine experiences a pressure of 5.05 × 106 P a at a depth of d1 in a sea.

When it goes further to a depth of d2 , it experiences a pressure of 8.08 × 106 Pa.
Then d2 − d1 is

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a. 400 m

b. 500 m

c. 300m

d. 600 m

Question 46

A wooden block floating in a bucket of water has 4/5 of its volume submerged.
When certain amount of an oil is poured into the bucket , it is found that the block
is just under the oil surface with half of its volume under water and half under oil.
The relative density of oil is

a. 0.8

b. 0.7

c. 0.6

d. 0.5

Question 47

A cubical box of side 0.5m floats on water with 3/10 th of its volume under wa-
ter. What is the maximum weight that can be put on the block without fully
submerging it under water

a. 30.1kg

b. 65.4 kg

c. 87.5 kg

d. 46.3 kg

Question 48

A hollow spherical shell at outer radius R floats just submerged under the water

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surface. The inner radius of the shell is r. If the specific gravity of the shell material
is 27/8 with respect to water. the value of r is

a. R/3

b. 4R/9

c. 2R/3

d. 8R/9

Question 49
2
A solid sphere of density ρ = ρo (1− Rr 2 ) just floats in a liquid then density of liquid is
2ρo
a. 5

5ρo
b. 2

3ρo
c. 5

d. ρo

Question 50

An air bubble of radius 1cm in water has an upward acceleration of 9.8cm/s2 . The
density of water is 1gm/cm3 and water offers negligible drag force on the bubble .
The mass of the bubble is

a. 4.15gm

b. 1.52gm

c. 4.51gm

d. 3.15gm

Question 51

A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying cross section with v m/s

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at a point where the pressure is P pascal. At another point where pressure P/2 Pas-
cal its speed is V m/s. If the density of the fluid is ρ and the flow is streamline the V is
q
P
a. 2ρ
+ v2
q
P
b. ρ
+ v2
q
2P
c. ρ
+ v2
q
P
d. ρ
+v

Question 52

An ideal liquid flowing through a tube of non uniform cross section area at A and
B are 40 cm2 and 20cm2 respectively. If pressure difference between A and B is
700N/m2 then volume flow rate is

a. 2730cm3 /s

b. 2142cm3 /s

c. 1832cm3 /s

d. 3218cm3 /s

Question 53

Two identical vessels are kept on the ground and each contain the same liquid
of density d. The area of the base of both vessels is S. The height of liquid in one
vessel is x1 and in the other is x2 . When both the cylinders are connected through a
pipe of negligible volume very close to the bottom, the liquid flows from one vessel
to the other unit it comes to equilibrium at a new height. The change in energy of
the system in the process is

a. gdS(x22 + x21 )

b. gdS(x1 + x2 )2

c. 3/4gdS(x1 + x2 )2

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d. 1/4gdS(x1 + x2 )2

Question 54

A cylinder of height 20m is completely filled with water. The velocity of efflux
of water through a small hole on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom is

a. 10

b. 20

c. 25.5

d. 5

Question 55

A square hole of side length l is made at a depth of h and a circular hole of ra-
dius r is made at a depth of 4h from the surface of water in a water tank kept on a
horizontal surface . If l << h, r << h and the rate of water flow from the holes is
the same then r is equal to

a. √l
2π

b. √l
3π

l
c. 3π

l
d. 2π

Question 56

A water jet directed by fireman must reach a window 40m above the ground, from
a nozzle of diameter 3cm discharging 30 kg/s. Determine the largest distance from
the building where a fireman can stand and still reach the jet into the window. The
nozzle is at a height 2m above the ground

Question 57

An air bubble in a water tank rises from the bottom to the top. Which of the

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following statements are true

a. bubble rises upward because pressure at the bottom is less than that at the
top

b. bubble rises upwards because pressure at the bottom is greater than that at
the top

c. as the bubble rises its size increases

d. as the bubble rises its size decreases

Question 59

The density of ice is x gm/cc and that of water is y gm/cc. What is the change in
volume in cc when m gm of ice melts

a. m(y-x)

b. (y-x)/m

c. mxy(x-y)

d. m(1/x- 1/y)

Question 60

Find the increase in density , at a depth of 1000m below the surface of water in the
ocean . (density of water is 1000kg/m3 , bulk modulus of water is 2 × 109 N/m2 , g =
9.8m/s2 )

a. 5kg/m3

b. 4kg/m3

c. 2kg/m3

d. 1kg/m3

Question 61

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A vessel with a body floating in it falls with an acceleration a¡g. Choose the correct
statement

a. h will change continuously

b. h will increase

c. h will remain unchanged

d. h will change continuously

Question 62

In a u-tube water and oil are in the left and right side of the tube respectively.
The heights from the bottom for water and oil columns are 15cm and 10cm respec-
tively. The density of oil is (kg/m3 )

a. 1333

b. 1200

c. 750

d. 860

Question 63

A U-tube with both ends open to the atmosphere is partially filled with water.
Oil, which is immiscible with water , is poured into one side of until it stands at
a distance of 10mm above the water level on the other side. Meanwhile the water
rises by 65mm from its original level. The density of the oil is (in kg/m3 )

a. 425

b. 800

c. 928

d. 650

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Question 64

The approximate depth of an ocean is 2700m. The compressibility of water is

45.4 × 10−11 P a−1 and density of water is 1000 kg/m3 . What fractional compression
of water will be obtained at the bottom of the ocean (in 10−2 )

a. 1.0

b. 1.2

c. 1.4

d. 0.8

Question 65

In rising from the bottom of a lake , to the top, the temperature of an air bub-
ble remains unchanged, but its diameter gets doubled . If h is the barometric height
(expressed in m of mercury of relative density ρ) at the surface of the lake. The
depth of the lake is

a. 8ρhm

b. 7ρhm

c. 9ρhm

d. 12ρhm

Question 66

Two small spherical metal balls , having equal masses are made from materials of
densities ρ1 and ρ2 (ρ1 = 8ρ2 ) and having raii of 1 mm and 2mm, respectively, they
are made to fall vertically (from rest) in a viscous medium whose coefficient of vis-
cosity equals η and whose density 0.1ρ2 . The ratio of their terminal velocities will be

a. 79/36

b. 79/72

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

c. 19/36

d. 39/72

Question 67

A small sphere of radius r falls from rest in a viscous liquid. As a result, heat
is produced due to viscous force. The rate of production of heat when the sphere
attains its terminal velocity is proportional to

a. r3
b. r2

c. r4

d. r5

Question 68

A U-tube partially filled with a liquid 1. Another liquid 2 is poured into one side.
It is found that the liquid levels of the two sides of the tube are the same, while the
level of liquid 1 has risen by 2cm. If the specific gravity of liquid 1 is 1.1 the specific
gravity of 2 must be

a. 1.12

b. 1.1

c. 1.05

d. 1.0

Question 69

The velocity of water in river is 5m/s at the surface. If river is 5m deep , find
the shear stress between the horizontal layers of water . The viscosity of water is
10−3 in SI unit

a. 10−3 N/m2

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

b. 10−4 N/m2

c. 10−6 N/m2

d. 10−8 N/m2

Question 70

Spherical balls of radius R are falling in a viscous fluid of viscosity η with a ve-
locity v. The retarding viscous force acting on the spherical ball is

a. directly proportional to R but inversely proportional to v

b. directly proportional to both radius R and velocity v

c. inversely proportional to both R and V

d. Inversely proportional to R but directly proportional to v

Question 71

If the terminal speed of a sphere of gold (density 19.5kg/m3 ) is 0.2m/s in a viscous

liquid of density (1.5kg/m3 ). The terminal velocity of a sphere of silver (density
10.5kg/m3 ) of the same size in the same liquid

a. 0.4m/s

b. 0.133 m/s

c. 0.1m/s

d. 0.2 m/s

Question 72

A spherical solid ball of volume V is made of a material of density ρ1 . It is falling

through a liquid of density (ρ2 < ρ1 ). Assume that the liquid applies a viscous force
on the ball that is proportional to the v 2 (k¿0) . Terminal speed of ball is

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

q
V g(ρ1 −ρ2 )
a. k

V gρ1
b. k
q
V gρ1
c. k

V g(ρ1 −ρ2 )
d. k

Question 73

The terminal velocity of a small ball of radius a in a viscous liquid is proportio-

nal to

a. a2

b. a3

c. a

d. a−1

Question 74

In an experiment , a small steel ball falls through a liquid at a constant speed

of 10cm/s . If the steel balls is pulled upward with a force equal to twice its effective
weight. How fast will it move upward

a. 5cm/s

b. zero

c. 10cm/s

d. 20cm/s

Question 75

Two bodies are in equilibrium when suspended in water from the arms of a ba-
lance. The mass of one body is 36g and its density 9g/cm3 . If the mass of the other
is 48g , its density in g/cm3 is

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

a. 4/3

b. 3/2

c. 3

d. 5

Question 76

In stream line flow of liquid , the total energy of liquid is constant at

a. all points

b. inner points

c. outer points

d. none of these

Question 77

A good lubricant should have

a. high viscosity

b. low viscosity

c. moderate viscosity

d. high density

Question 78

When equal volumes of two substances are mixed , the specific gravity of mixture
is 4. When equal weights of the same substances are mixed , the specific gravity of
the mixture is 3. The specific gravity of the two substances would be

a. 6 and 2

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

b. 3 and 4

c. 2.5 and 3.5

d. 5 and 3

Question 79

Two rain drops reach the earth with different terminal velocities having the ra-
tio 9:4 . Then the ratio of their volumes is

a. 3:2

b. 4:9

c. 9:4

d. 27:8

Question 80

A body floats in water with one third of its volume above the surface of water.
If it is placed in oil, it floats with half of its volume above the surface of the oil, the
specific gravity of the oil is

a. 5/3

b. 4/3

c. 3/2

d. 1

Question 81

A body of density d1 is counterpoised by Mg of weights of density d2 in air of

density d. Then the true mass of the body is

a. M

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Mechanics AMIT RANJAN

d
b. M (1 − d1
)

d
c. M (1 − d2
)
M (1−d/d2 )
d. 1−d/d1

Question 82

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