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The Muscular System

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THE

MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
By : GROUP 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Functions of the muscular system
Types of muscles & other structures & function
Muscle movements, roles & names, criteria used in
naming muscles.
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Conditions that affect the Muscular System

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2


1
FUNCTIONS
OF THE
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
(Types of muscles & other structures & function)

REPORTER:
Hilado, Ma. Consuelo Teresita N.
INTRODUCTION 1

Muscles play a part in all functions of the


THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

body, from heartbeat or running and


jumping.
When muscles become damaged, it can impact
movement, speech, and much more.
Several conditions, including fibromyalgia,
multiple sclerosis, and Pakinson's disease,
interfere with the smooth running of
the muscular system.
FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
The muscular system consists of various
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

types of muscles that each play a crucial


role in the function of the body. Muscular
system functions include mobility, stability,
posture, circulation, and more.
Muscles allow a person to move, speak, and
chew. They control heartbeat, breathing,
and digestion. Other seemingly unrelated
functions, including temperature regulation
and vision, also rely on the muscular system.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

4
11 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1.) Mobility- the muscular system's main function is to allow movement.
When muscles contract, they contibute to gross and fine movement.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

> Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:


Walking, Running, Swimming.
1
> Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as:
Writing, Speaking, Facial Expressions.

2.) Stability- muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint
stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in
stabilization.

3.) Posture- Skeletal muscles help keep


the body in the correct position when
someone is sitting or standing. This is
known as the posture. 5
4.) Circulation- the heart is a muscle that pumps
out blood throughout the body. The movement of
the heart is outside of conscious control , and it
contracts automatically by when stimulated by
electrical signals.

5.) Respiration- breathing involves the use of the


diaphragm muscle.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located
below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it
pushes downward, causing the chest cavity to get
bigger. The lungs the fill with air. When the
diahragm muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the
lungs.

6
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
6.) Digestion- the muscular system allows for movement
within the body for example, during digestion or urination.
Smooth musclees in the gastrointestinal or GI control
digestion. The GI tact stretches from the mouth to anus.
Food moves through the digestive system with the wave-like
motion called peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow
organs contract and relax to cause this movement, which
pushes food through the esophagus into the stomach.

7.) Urination- the muscles and nerves must work


together to hold and release urine from the bladder.
Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or
retention of urine, are caused by damage to the nerves
that carry signals to the muscles.

6
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
8.) Childbirth- smooth muscles expands
during childbirth. This movements push the
baby through the vagina. Also, pelvic floor
muscles help to guide the baby's head down
the birth canal.

9.) Vision- six skeletal muscles around the eye


control its movements. These muscles work quickly
and precisely, and allow eye to:
> maintain a stable image
> scan the surrounding area
> track moving objects
If someone experiences damage to their eye
muscles, it can impair their vision.

7
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
TYPES OF MUSCLES & OTHER
STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS

SKELETAL MUSCLE
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that


can be consciously controlled. They are
attached to bones, and contracting the
muscles causes movement of those bones.

Skeletal muscle serves many purposes, including


producing movement, sustaining body posture and
position, maintaining body temperature, storing
nutrients, and stabilizing joints.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

9
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Smooth muscle contains thick and thin filaments that do
not arrange into sarcomeres, resulting in a non-striated
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

pattern.
Smooth muscles lines the inside of blood vessels
and organs, such as the stomach, and is also known
as the visceral muscle.

It is the weakeast type of muscle but has an


essential role in moving food along the
digestive tract and maintaining blood
circulation through the blood vessels. 10
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

11
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

stimulates its own contractions that form our


heartbeat. Signals from the nervous system
control the rate of contraction. This type of
muscle is strong and involuntarily.

Cardiac muscle is responsible for the contractility


of the heart and, therefore, the pumping action.
The cardiac muscle must contract with enough
force and enough blood to supply the metabolic
demands of the entire body. 12
MUSCLE
MOVEMENTS
(Roles & names, criteria used in
naming muscles)

REPORTER:
Frante, Jenelyn
FLEXION
EXTENSION
-refers to a movement that -refers to a movement that
decreases the angle between increases the angle between
two body parts. Flexion at the two body parts. Extension at
elbow is decreasing the angle the elbow is increasing the
between the ulna and the angle between the ulna and
humerus. When the knee flexes, the humerus. Extension of
the ankle moves closer to the
the knee straightens the
buttock, and the angle between
lower limb.
the femur and tibia gets
smaller.
Muscle Movements
ABDUCTION ADDUCTION
-is a movement away -is a movement towards
from the midline – just as the midline. Adduction
abducting someone is to of the hip squeezes the
take them away. For legs together.
example, abduction of the
shoulder raises the arms
out to the sides of the
body.
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
CIRCUMDUCTION ROTATION
-can be defined as a conical -can occur within the vertebral
movement of a limb column, at a pivot joint, or at a
extending from the joint at ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of
which the movement is the neck or body is the twisting
controlled. It is sometimes movement produced by the
talked about as a circular summation of the small rotational
motion, but is more movements available between
accurately conical due to adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot
the ‘cone’ formed by the joint, one bone rotates in relation
moving limb. to another bone.
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES
PRIME MOVER ANTAGONIST
-muscle with the major -muscle that opposes or
responsibility for a reverses a prime mover. In an
certain movement. antagonistic muscle pair, as one
During forearm flexion, muscle contracts, the other
for example lifting a cup, muscle relaxes or lengthens.
a muscle called the The muscle that is contracting
biceps brachii is the is called the agonist and the
prime mover. muscle that is relaxing or
lengthening is called the
antagonist.
MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES
SYNERGIST FIXATOR

-assists the agonist -a muscle which


muscle or “primary acts as the
mover” for a specific stabilizer and helps
action at a joint. the agonist work
These muscles help effectively of one
make movements part of the body
more accurate and during movement
fluid. of another part.
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•DIRECTION of muscle
fibers

* Example: rectus
(straight)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•RELATIVE SIZE of the


muscles

*Example: maximus
(largest)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•LOCATION of the
muscles

*Example: many muscles


are named for bones
( e.g, temporalis)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•NUMBER OF ORIGINS

*Example : Triceps (three heads)


THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•SHAPE of the muscle

*Example : deltiod (triangular)


THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES

•ACTION of the muscle

*Example : flexor and


extenor (flexes and
extends a bone)
GROSS
ANATOMY
OF SKELETAL
MUSCLE
(Conditions that affect the Muscular System)

REPORTER:
Garcia, May Kyla
Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that run parallel to each
other. They are multinucleated, meaning they have more than
one nucleus per cell.

Fascicles
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers grouped together within a
muscle.

Tendons
Connects muscle to bone.
ORGANIZATION OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
Endomysium
Fibrous covering of a single cell (a muscle fiber).

Perimysium
Fibrous covering of fascicle.

Epimysium
Fibrous covering of whole muscle.
STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONDITIONS THAT
AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
The Muscular System

Muscle Strains Muscle Dystrophy

Injuries from overstretching or A group of genetic disorders


tearing muscle fibers or tendons. causing progressive muscle
weakness and degeneration.
CONDITIONS THAT
AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
The Muscular System

Fibromyalgia Rhabdomyolysis

A condition characterized by A serious condition involving the


widespread muscle pain, fatigue, breakdown of muscle tissue,
and tenderness. which can lead to kidney damage.
CONDITIONS THAT
AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
The Muscular System

Tendinitis Polymyositis

Inflammation of a tendon, often An inflammatory muscle disease


due to repetitive strain or injury. causing muscle weakness and
pain.
SUMMARY :
There are more than 600 muscles in the
1
human body.

There are three major muscle types found in the


2 human body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

The Eleven main functions of the muscular system:


Mobility, Stability, Posture, Circulation Respiration,
3
Digestion, Urination, Childbirth, Vision, Organ
Protection, Temperature Regulation.

5
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SUMMARY :
These are the kinds of muscle movements:
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
4 rotation, and circumduction.

The roles of the muscles are prime mover,


5 antagonist, synergist, and fixator.

The criteria in naming muscles are according to


6 their direction, relative size, location, number of
origins, shape and action.

5
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SUMMARY :
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle:
muscle fibers, fascicle, tendons, and
7 connective tissues such as endomysium,
perimysium, and epimysium.

Conditions that affect the Muscular System


are muscle strains, muscular dystrophy,
8 fibromyalgia, tendinitis, and polymyositis.

5
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING.
Presented By : GROUP 3
Hilado, Frante, Garcia

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