The Muscular System
The Muscular System
The Muscular System
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
By : GROUP 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Functions of the muscular system
Types of muscles & other structures & function
Muscle movements, roles & names, criteria used in
naming muscles.
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Conditions that affect the Muscular System
REPORTER:
Hilado, Ma. Consuelo Teresita N.
INTRODUCTION 1
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11 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1.) Mobility- the muscular system's main function is to allow movement.
When muscles contract, they contibute to gross and fine movement.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
2.) Stability- muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint
stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in
stabilization.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
6.) Digestion- the muscular system allows for movement
within the body for example, during digestion or urination.
Smooth musclees in the gastrointestinal or GI control
digestion. The GI tact stretches from the mouth to anus.
Food moves through the digestive system with the wave-like
motion called peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow
organs contract and relax to cause this movement, which
pushes food through the esophagus into the stomach.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
8.) Childbirth- smooth muscles expands
during childbirth. This movements push the
baby through the vagina. Also, pelvic floor
muscles help to guide the baby's head down
the birth canal.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
TYPES OF MUSCLES & OTHER
STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS
SKELETAL MUSCLE
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Smooth muscle contains thick and thin filaments that do
not arrange into sarcomeres, resulting in a non-striated
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
pattern.
Smooth muscles lines the inside of blood vessels
and organs, such as the stomach, and is also known
as the visceral muscle.
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CARDIAC MUSCLE
Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
REPORTER:
Frante, Jenelyn
FLEXION
EXTENSION
-refers to a movement that -refers to a movement that
decreases the angle between increases the angle between
two body parts. Flexion at the two body parts. Extension at
elbow is decreasing the angle the elbow is increasing the
between the ulna and the angle between the ulna and
humerus. When the knee flexes, the humerus. Extension of
the ankle moves closer to the
the knee straightens the
buttock, and the angle between
lower limb.
the femur and tibia gets
smaller.
Muscle Movements
ABDUCTION ADDUCTION
-is a movement away -is a movement towards
from the midline – just as the midline. Adduction
abducting someone is to of the hip squeezes the
take them away. For legs together.
example, abduction of the
shoulder raises the arms
out to the sides of the
body.
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
CIRCUMDUCTION ROTATION
-can be defined as a conical -can occur within the vertebral
movement of a limb column, at a pivot joint, or at a
extending from the joint at ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of
which the movement is the neck or body is the twisting
controlled. It is sometimes movement produced by the
talked about as a circular summation of the small rotational
motion, but is more movements available between
accurately conical due to adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot
the ‘cone’ formed by the joint, one bone rotates in relation
moving limb. to another bone.
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES
PRIME MOVER ANTAGONIST
-muscle with the major -muscle that opposes or
responsibility for a reverses a prime mover. In an
certain movement. antagonistic muscle pair, as one
During forearm flexion, muscle contracts, the other
for example lifting a cup, muscle relaxes or lengthens.
a muscle called the The muscle that is contracting
biceps brachii is the is called the agonist and the
prime mover. muscle that is relaxing or
lengthening is called the
antagonist.
MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES
SYNERGIST FIXATOR
•DIRECTION of muscle
fibers
* Example: rectus
(straight)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES
*Example: maximus
(largest)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING
MUSCLES
•LOCATION of the
muscles
•NUMBER OF ORIGINS
REPORTER:
Garcia, May Kyla
Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that run parallel to each
other. They are multinucleated, meaning they have more than
one nucleus per cell.
Fascicles
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers grouped together within a
muscle.
Tendons
Connects muscle to bone.
ORGANIZATION OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
Endomysium
Fibrous covering of a single cell (a muscle fiber).
Perimysium
Fibrous covering of fascicle.
Epimysium
Fibrous covering of whole muscle.
STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONDITIONS THAT
AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
The Muscular System
Fibromyalgia Rhabdomyolysis
Tendinitis Polymyositis
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SUMMARY :
These are the kinds of muscle movements:
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
4 rotation, and circumduction.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SUMMARY :
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle:
muscle fibers, fascicle, tendons, and
7 connective tissues such as endomysium,
perimysium, and epimysium.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING.
Presented By : GROUP 3
Hilado, Frante, Garcia