MUSCULAR SYSTEM By : GROUP 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Functions of the muscular system Types of muscles & other structures & function Muscle movements, roles & names, criteria used in naming muscles. Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles Conditions that affect the Muscular System
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2
1 FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (Types of muscles & other structures & function)
REPORTER: Hilado, Ma. Consuelo Teresita N. INTRODUCTION 1
Muscles play a part in all functions of the
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
body, from heartbeat or running and
jumping. When muscles become damaged, it can impact movement, speech, and much more. Several conditions, including fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and Pakinson's disease, interfere with the smooth running of the muscular system. FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM The muscular system consists of various THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
types of muscles that each play a crucial
role in the function of the body. Muscular system functions include mobility, stability, posture, circulation, and more. Muscles allow a person to move, speak, and chew. They control heartbeat, breathing, and digestion. Other seemingly unrelated functions, including temperature regulation and vision, also rely on the muscular system. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
4 11 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1.) Mobility- the muscular system's main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contibute to gross and fine movement. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
> Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
Walking, Running, Swimming. 1 > Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as: Writing, Speaking, Facial Expressions.
2.) Stability- muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in stabilization.
3.) Posture- Skeletal muscles help keep
the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing. This is known as the posture. 5 4.) Circulation- the heart is a muscle that pumps out blood throughout the body. The movement of the heart is outside of conscious control , and it contracts automatically by when stimulated by electrical signals.
5.) Respiration- breathing involves the use of the
diaphragm muscle. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it pushes downward, causing the chest cavity to get bigger. The lungs the fill with air. When the diahragm muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.
6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 6.) Digestion- the muscular system allows for movement within the body for example, during digestion or urination. Smooth musclees in the gastrointestinal or GI control digestion. The GI tact stretches from the mouth to anus. Food moves through the digestive system with the wave-like motion called peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow organs contract and relax to cause this movement, which pushes food through the esophagus into the stomach.
7.) Urination- the muscles and nerves must work
together to hold and release urine from the bladder. Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or retention of urine, are caused by damage to the nerves that carry signals to the muscles.
6 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 8.) Childbirth- smooth muscles expands during childbirth. This movements push the baby through the vagina. Also, pelvic floor muscles help to guide the baby's head down the birth canal.
9.) Vision- six skeletal muscles around the eye
control its movements. These muscles work quickly and precisely, and allow eye to: > maintain a stable image > scan the surrounding area > track moving objects If someone experiences damage to their eye muscles, it can impair their vision.
7 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM TYPES OF MUSCLES & OTHER STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS
SKELETAL MUSCLE THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that
can be consciously controlled. They are attached to bones, and contracting the muscles causes movement of those bones.
Skeletal muscle serves many purposes, including
producing movement, sustaining body posture and position, maintaining body temperature, storing nutrients, and stabilizing joints. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
9 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM SMOOTH MUSCLE Smooth muscle contains thick and thin filaments that do not arrange into sarcomeres, resulting in a non-striated THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
pattern. Smooth muscles lines the inside of blood vessels and organs, such as the stomach, and is also known as the visceral muscle.
It is the weakeast type of muscle but has an
essential role in moving food along the digestive tract and maintaining blood circulation through the blood vessels. 10 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
11 CARDIAC MUSCLE Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
stimulates its own contractions that form our
heartbeat. Signals from the nervous system control the rate of contraction. This type of muscle is strong and involuntarily.
Cardiac muscle is responsible for the contractility
of the heart and, therefore, the pumping action. The cardiac muscle must contract with enough force and enough blood to supply the metabolic demands of the entire body. 12 MUSCLE MOVEMENTS (Roles & names, criteria used in naming muscles)
REPORTER: Frante, Jenelyn FLEXION EXTENSION -refers to a movement that -refers to a movement that decreases the angle between increases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the two body parts. Extension at elbow is decreasing the angle the elbow is increasing the between the ulna and the angle between the ulna and humerus. When the knee flexes, the humerus. Extension of the ankle moves closer to the the knee straightens the buttock, and the angle between lower limb. the femur and tibia gets smaller. Muscle Movements ABDUCTION ADDUCTION -is a movement away -is a movement towards from the midline – just as the midline. Adduction abducting someone is to of the hip squeezes the take them away. For legs together. example, abduction of the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS CIRCUMDUCTION ROTATION -can be defined as a conical -can occur within the vertebral movement of a limb column, at a pivot joint, or at a extending from the joint at ball-and-socket joint. Rotation of which the movement is the neck or body is the twisting controlled. It is sometimes movement produced by the talked about as a circular summation of the small rotational motion, but is more movements available between accurately conical due to adjacent vertebrae. At a pivot the ‘cone’ formed by the joint, one bone rotates in relation moving limb. to another bone. MUSCLE MOVEMENTS MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES PRIME MOVER ANTAGONIST -muscle with the major -muscle that opposes or responsibility for a reverses a prime mover. In an certain movement. antagonistic muscle pair, as one During forearm flexion, muscle contracts, the other for example lifting a cup, muscle relaxes or lengthens. a muscle called the The muscle that is contracting biceps brachii is the is called the agonist and the prime mover. muscle that is relaxing or lengthening is called the antagonist. MUSCLE NAMES AND ROLES SYNERGIST FIXATOR
-assists the agonist -a muscle which
muscle or “primary acts as the mover” for a specific stabilizer and helps action at a joint. the agonist work These muscles help effectively of one make movements part of the body more accurate and during movement fluid. of another part. THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•DIRECTION of muscle fibers
* Example: rectus (straight) THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•RELATIVE SIZE of the
muscles
*Example: maximus (largest) THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•LOCATION of the muscles
*Example: many muscles
are named for bones ( e.g, temporalis) THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•NUMBER OF ORIGINS
*Example : Triceps (three heads)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•SHAPE of the muscle
*Example : deltiod (triangular)
THE CRITERIA USED IN NAMING MUSCLES
•ACTION of the muscle
*Example : flexor and
extenor (flexes and extends a bone) GROSS ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (Conditions that affect the Muscular System)
REPORTER: Garcia, May Kyla Muscle Fibers Muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that run parallel to each other. They are multinucleated, meaning they have more than one nucleus per cell.
Fascicles Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers grouped together within a muscle.
Tendons Connects muscle to bone. ORGANIZATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES Endomysium Fibrous covering of a single cell (a muscle fiber).
Perimysium Fibrous covering of fascicle.
Epimysium Fibrous covering of whole muscle. STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONDITIONS THAT AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM The Muscular System
Muscle Strains Muscle Dystrophy
Injuries from overstretching or A group of genetic disorders
tearing muscle fibers or tendons. causing progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. CONDITIONS THAT AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM The Muscular System
Fibromyalgia Rhabdomyolysis
A condition characterized by A serious condition involving the
widespread muscle pain, fatigue, breakdown of muscle tissue, and tenderness. which can lead to kidney damage. CONDITIONS THAT AFFECTS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM The Muscular System
Tendinitis Polymyositis
Inflammation of a tendon, often An inflammatory muscle disease
due to repetitive strain or injury. causing muscle weakness and pain. SUMMARY : There are more than 600 muscles in the 1 human body.
There are three major muscle types found in the
2 human body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
The Eleven main functions of the muscular system:
Mobility, Stability, Posture, Circulation Respiration, 3 Digestion, Urination, Childbirth, Vision, Organ Protection, Temperature Regulation.
5 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM SUMMARY : These are the kinds of muscle movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, 4 rotation, and circumduction.
The roles of the muscles are prime mover,
5 antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
The criteria in naming muscles are according to
6 their direction, relative size, location, number of origins, shape and action.
5 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM SUMMARY : Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle: muscle fibers, fascicle, tendons, and 7 connective tissues such as endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium.
Conditions that affect the Muscular System
are muscle strains, muscular dystrophy, 8 fibromyalgia, tendinitis, and polymyositis.
5 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM THANK YOU FOR LISTENING. Presented By : GROUP 3 Hilado, Frante, Garcia
