Class-XI Phy Chapter-1

Chapter 1 Step-1
Physical World, Units and

Measurement
SOLUTIONS
SECTION-A
1. Answer (1)
1 parsec is defined as the distance at which 1 AU subtends an angle of one arc second.
648000
⇒ 1 parsec or 1 pc = AU 206264 AU

2. Answer (3)
In CGS system 1 newton is equal to 100,000 dynes
3. Answer (2)

[Energy] [M1 L2 T 2]
[Power] [M1 L2 T 3]
[time] [T]
4. Answer (3)
X a b c
2 3
X a b c
X
(in percentage) (1 2 # 3 3 # 2) % = 13%
X
5. Answer (3)
All non-zero digits in a number are significant figures.
SECTION-B
6. Answer (1)
M1 1 L1 2 T1 3
n2 n1 d nd nd n
M2 L2 T2
1 1 1 2 1 3
6d n d n d n
a b c
6c 3
n2 =
ab 2
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2 Physical World, Units and Measurement Solutions of Assignment Step-1
7. Answer (4)
x 0.1
Relative error (in %) = # 100 # 100 0.1%
x 100
8. Answer (3)
if a = a ± ∆a
b = b ± ∆b
and c = a – b
then c = (a – b) ± (∆a + ∆b)
⇒ mass of the liquid = [(46.4 – 35.6) ± (0.2 + 0.2)] gram
= (10.8 ± 0.4) gram
9. Answer (3)
As the measurement unit decrease the numerical value increases.
10. Answer (2)

More significant digits represent better accuracy of the measuring instrument.
SECTION-C
11. Answer (3)
Req ± ∆Req = (R1 + R2) ± (∆R1 + ∆R2)
12. Answer (2)

Req 23
# 100 2.5%
Req 50 150
SECTION-D
13. Since E, l and G have dimensional formulas:
E → ML2T–2
l → ML2T–1
G → L3M–1T–2
Hence, P = El2m–5G–2 will have dimensions:

2 2 2 4 2 2 4
[ML L ] [M L T ] [M T ]
[P] 5 6
M 0 L0 T 0
[M ] [L ]
Thus, P is dimensionless.
14. Given T 2 αr 3 & Tαr 3/2 . T is also functions of g and R ⇒ T α gxRy

` [L0 M 0 T1] [L3/2 M 0 T 0] [L1 M 0 T 2] x [L1 M 0 T 0] y
3
For L, 0 xy
2
Solutions of Assignment Step-1 Physical World, Units and Measurement 3
1
For T, 1 0 2x & x
2
3 1
Therefore, 0 y & y 1
2 2
1/2 k r3
Thus, T kr 3/2 g R 1
R g
15. Gravitational constant → N m2 kg–2
Refractive index → No units
Solar constant → J m–2 s–1
Electric current →A
r 4
16. The dimensional part in the expression is . Therefore, the dimensions of the right hand side comes
1 2 4 3
l
[ML T ] [L ] [L ]
out be , which is volume upon time. Hence, the formula is dimensionally correct.
[ML 1 T 1] [L] [T]
17. (a) Since 1 u = 1.67 × 10–27 kg, its energy equivalent is 1.67 × 10–27 C2 in SI units. When converted
to eV and MeV, it turns out to be 1 u ≡ 931.5 MeV.
(b) 1 u × c2 = 931.5 MeV.
a – t2
18. (i) P=
bx
⇒ [a] = [M0 L0 T2] ...(i)
6a – t 2@
[P] =
6bx@
6T 2@
6 –1 T –2@ =
ML
6b@ 6L@
[b] = [M–1L0T4] ...(ii)
Using equation (i) and (ii)
6a@ 6T 2@
= = [MT–2]
6b@ 6M L T @
–1 0 4
(ii) Advantages of dimensional Analysis :
(a) It is extremely useful in checking the correctness of an equation.
(b) We need not worry about conversions among multiples and submultiples of the units while
analysing the dimensions.
(c) We can easily deduce relation among various physical quantities.
Limitations of Dimensional Analysis :
(1) We cannot obtain relations if it has trigonometric ratios, logarithmic functions or exponential
function.
(2) We cannot use this method to find expression for the quantities which depend on two or more
quantities having similar dimensions e.g., we cannot deduce expression for gravitational
force between two masses m1 and m2.
19. Systematic errors : The errors which occur in one direction only, i.e., either positive or negative are
called systematic errors. If the measured value is greater than the true value, the error is said to be
positive. And if the measured value is less than the true value, the error is said to be negative.
Some of the sources of systematic errors are as follows:
(1) Instrumental Errors : These errors arise when the measuring instrument itself has some defect
in it, such as
(i) Improper Designing or Calibration : It means the instrument is not graduated properly.
For example, if an ammeter reads a current of 1.5 A, when a 2 A current is actually flowing
through the circuit, it has an imperfect calibration.
(ii) Zero Error : If the zero mark of vernier scale does not coincide with the zero mark of the
main scale, the instrument is said to have zero error. A metre scale having worn off zero
mark also has zero error.
(2) Imperfection in Experimental Technique or procedure : The measurement may be

systematically affected by external conditions such as changes in temperature humidity, wind
velocity etc. For example, the temperature of a human body measured by a thermometer placed
under the armpit will always be less than the actual temperature.
(3) Personal errors.
Minimising Systematic Errors : Systematic errors can be minimised by using more accurate
instruments, and improved experimental techniques. One should take proper precautions and
remove personal bias as far as possible while doing the experiments. Necessary corrections can
be done for the instruments having zero errors, after taking the readings.
Random Errors : The errors which are random in sign as well as in size i.e., it may be positive
or negative or both. These errors can be minimised by taking large number of observations and
then arithmetic mean of that the instrument used should have high precision.
20. (i) (a) 10.163
All non-zero digits and the zeroes lying between two non-zero digits are significant. Hence
five significant figures.
(b) 1.67 × 10–17
All digits lying in a base number of a scientific notation are significant.
Hence, three significant figures.
(c) 0.270
In a number having decimal point, trailing zeroes are significant, but zeroes in the beginning
are not significant. Hence, three significant figures.
(d) 1.496
Four significant figures.

(e) 15000
In a number without a decimal point, trailing zeroes are not significant.
Hence, two significant figures.
(f) 2.4300
Five significant figures.
(g) 0.001040
Four significant figures.
(ii) (a) 3.264 → 3.26
(b) 0.9462 → 0.946
(c) 1.667 → 1.67
(d) 1.285 → 1.28
(e) 45.875 → 45.9
21. The smallest value that can be measured by a measuring instrument is called its least count. For
example, a metre scale can accurately measure a minimum distance of 1 mm. Hence, the metre scale
has a least count 1 mm.
The least count error indicates the inability of an instrument to measure a value lesser than its least
count.
22. (a) Precision is given by the least count of the instrument.
For 20 oscillations, precision = 0.1 s
For 1 oscillation, precision = 0.005 s

39.6 39.9 39.5
(b) Average time t s 39.6 s
3
39.6
Period = = 1.98 s
20
Maximum observed error = (1.995 – 1.980)s = 0.015 s.
23. The fractional error in X is

dx 2da 3db 2.5dc 2d (d)

d a b c d
= 0.235 - 0.24
Since the error is in first decimal, hence the result should be rounded off as 2.8.
  
Chapter 1 Step-2

Measurement
SOLUTIONS
1. Answer (3)
nu = constant
2. Answer (3)
1 nm = 10–9 m = 10–7 cm
3. Answer (3)
Angular acceleration = change in angular velocity/∆t
4. Answer (4)
There are many quantities which have same dimension hence due to this reason it may be possible
that an equation which is dimensionally correct is incorrect. e.g.,
Kinetic energy = rv # Fv
is dimensionally correct but it is an incorrect relation.
5. Answer (3)
[h] = [ML2T–1] while [p] = [MLT–1]
6. Answer (3)
p = At2 + Bt + C
⇒ [MLT–1] = B × [T]
B = [MLT–2]
7. Answer (4)
1 1
f = cmx.ky ⇒ [T–1] = [Mx] [MT–2]y ⇒ [T–1] = [Mx+yT–2y], x , y
2 2
8. Answer (4)
1 joule = n units. Or 1 kg m2s–2 = n units

kg 1 m 2 sec 2
n 1= G< F ; E & n 36 # 10 6

⇒
100 kg 1000 m 60 sec
9. Answer (1)
[M] = [Fa] [Lb] [Tc] = [MLT–2]a [Lb] [Tc] ⇒ a = 1, b = – 1, c = 2
10. Answer (3)
Newton × second = Impulse = change in Linear momentum.
11. Answer (3)
F = G.m1m2/r2 ⇒ G = F × r2/m1m2
12. Answer (1)
Pressure = [ML–1 T–2]
13. Answer (4)
According to principle of homogeneity of dimensions, A cannot be added directly to B.
14. Answer (1)
Least count = 0.1 cm
∴ Uncertainty = ± 0.1
0.1
∴ ! # 100 . ! 1%
10.1
15. Answer (3)
If mass of cube is m and length of side is l then

m
density ρ =
l3
m l
3
m l
⇒ Percentage error in ρ = percentage error in m + 3 × percentage error in l.
= 0.3 + 3 × 0.2 = 0.9%
16. Answer (2)

13.12
Mean value = = 2.62 ,
5
0.54
Mean absolute error = = 0.11
5
17. Answer (1)
A X BY
Y=
CZ
Y A B C
& X Y Z
Y A B C
Y
& # 100 xa yb zc
Y
18. Answer (3)
We have, p = 2mK
p2
& k=
2m
p2
k1 =
2m
(1.1p) 2
k2 =
2m
p2
& (k2 k1) e o (0.21)
2m
k
& # 100 21
k
19. Answer (3)
Precision of an instrument depends on least count because it decides up to how many places after
decimal, quantity can be measured.
20. Answer (1)
The instrument can measure the diameter after three decimal places.
21. Answer (1)
A has maximum number of significant figures.
22. Answer (3)
As per rounding off rule and significant figure.

0.00274 becomes 0.0027.
23. Answer (2)
After decimal, zeros are insignificant.
24. Answer (4)
0.205 has least number of significant digits after decimal and equals to 3 which is obtained in option
(4).
25. Answer (3)
Value of time 100 s contain three significant figures.
26. Answer (500.00)
Density ρ = 0.5 g/cc

−3
0.5 # 10 kg
= −
= 5 # 10 2 kg m 3
(10 2) 3 m 3
27. Answer (0.1)
Conversion factor = dyne.cm–2/newton.m–2 = 0.1
28. Answer (0.8)

1
Least count = = 0.2 s
5
∴ ∆T = 0.2 s, T = 25 s
0.2
% error = # 100 = 0.8%
25
29. Answer (90.00)
Let least count is t second and time period is T.

t
E1 = c m
10T
t
E2 = c m
100T
E
# 100 90%
E1
30. Answer (3.00)
(3.20 + 4.80) × 105 have 3 significant figures as specified in rules.
PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS
31. Answer (3)
128 kg 128 1000 128

3 # 20 = 40
3
100 3 50
d n
m 4
25
32. Answer (4)
Mass, M = [V]a [T]b [F]c
⇒ M = [LT–1]a [T]b [MLT–2]c
⇒ c=1
⇒ a + c = 0 ⇒ a = –c = –1
⇒ –a + b – 2c = 0
⇒ b = a + 2c = –1 + 2 × 1 = 1
M = [FTV–1]
33. Answer (1)

−2
MLT
[pascal-second] = #T
L2
= ML–1T–1
34. Answer (1)
[T] = [G]a. [h]b. [c]c

= [M –1L3 T–2]a [ML2T–1]b [LT–1]c
–a+b=0
3a + 2b + c = 0 ⇒ 5a + c = 0
– 2a – b – c = 1 ⇒ 3a + c = –1
1
& a =
2
1
b=
2
5
c
2
Gh
& 6T @ = 5
c
35. Answer (3)
V = L1T–1
A = L1T –2
F = M1L1T –2
Force
Y=
Area
Y = M1L–1T –2
[M1L–1T–2] = [F]α [A]β [V]γ
α = 1, β = 2, γ = –4
36. Answer (1)

hc
E ⇒ [hc] = [ML2T–2] [L] = [ML3T–2]

[c] = [LT–1]
Z] Gm1 m2
]]
]] F =
] r2
[G] = [M–1L3T–2] []
]] Fr 2
]]& G =
] m1 m2
5 \
⇒ = G = [ML T ] = Energy
hc 2 –2
G
37. Answer (1)
Force
 [Young’s modulus] = < F
Area
⇒ [Young’s modulus] = FA–1
⇒ [Young’s modulus] = FA–1V0
38. Answer (3)
Energy = Force × Distance

P
⇒ [Energy] = # A
T
= PT–1A1/2
39. Answer (4)

hc
[E]

2
e
[E]
40 r
2
e
[M 0 L0 T 0]
40 r hc
40. Answer (4)
F = AcosBx + CsinDt
1
AD MLT 2 # T
` ; E
B L
1
= [ML2T–3]
41. Answer (3)
F = M1L1T–2
ρ = M1L–3
ρ = [F]a[L]b[T]c
M1L–3 = [M1L1T–2]a[L]b[T]c
⇒ a = 1, b = –4, c = 2
ρ = F1L–4T2
42. Answer (1)
[v 2 ]
[L] =
[a]
n
; vE
2
2 2 1
[v2] m
so =
[a2] a1
; E
mn
2 2
[v2] n 3 [v1]
= 3
[a2] m [a1]
3
n
or [L2] = [L1]
m3
Similarly
[v]
[T] =
[a]
n2
So, [T ] =2 [T1]
m
43. Answer (1)
[h] = [ML2T–1] → A-III
[Vs] = [ML2T–3A–1] → B-IV
[φ] = [ML2T–2] → C-I
[p] = [MLT–1] → D-II
44. Answer (3)
[ν] = [T–1]
2
[r] = L 6s@ ; MLT E
L
6@ ; M3 E 6ML @
3
L
a b c
&r s
⇒ T–1 = La Mb L–3b Mc T–2c
⇒ T–1 = M(b + c) L(a – 3b) T–2c
2c 1 & c 1
2
b+c=0
1
& b 2
3
a – 3b = 0 ⇒ 3b = a ⇒ & b 2
^a, b, c h a 3 , 1 , 1 k
2 2 2
45. Answer (1)
[At] = [x] = [L]

6x@
6=
A@ = 6LT@
6t @
D 6=
: t= y @ 6L@
B
⇒ 6B@ : L D 6L T @
t 1 1
46. Answer (1)

[a] = [ML5T–2]
[b] = [L3]
2 6
; b E = L G [M 1 LT 2]
a 5 2
ML T
= [Compressibility]
47. Answer (1)
c = LT–1
G ≡ M–1L3T–2
h = ML2T–1
Let M = cx Gy hz
⇒ M1L0T0 = Mz–y Lx + 3y + 2z T–x – 2y –z
⇒ x + 2y + z = 0 …(i)
x + 3y + 2z = 0 …(ii)
z – y = 1 …(iii)
1 1 1
⇒ x 2,y 2 ,z 2
⇒ M = c1/2 G–1/2 h1/2
48. Answer (2)
ML 6MLT @ 6LT @ 6T @z
M 3 2 x 1 y
Density = 3
L
3 x ^x y h 2x y z
ML M L T
x 1, x y 3, 2x y z 0
y 4 24z 0
z 2
density = FV–4T–2
49. Answer (3)
D 2 h
V= # 34.2 # ^12.6h2 4264.39 cm 3
4 4
V 2D h 2 # 0.1 0.1
∴
V D h 12.6 34.2
⇒ ∆V = 80.157
Reducing the answers to proper significant digit then we should write it as
V = 4260 ± 80 cm3
50. Answer (4)

l = 25.0 cm
Time of 40 oscillation is 50 second
2
4 l g l 2T
∴ g &
T 2
g l T
g 0.1 1
⇒ d n 2d n
g 25.0 50
g
⇒ e # 100 o 4.4%
g
51. Answer (2)
z A 2 b 1 c d
2 3
z A 3 b 2 c d
2 1
= 2 # 2 + # 1.5 + # 4 + 3 # 2.5
3 2
= 14.5%
52. Answer (2)

, , 2
R
A (Vol.)

R1 c m (,) 2
V
5, 2
R2 c mc m
V 4
R 9
# 100 # 100 - 56%
R1 16
53. Answer (2)
,
V I #
A
VA Vd 2
⇒
I, 4 I,
2d V I ,

d V I ,
0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1
2d n
5 5 2 10

0.039 = 3.9%

54. Answer (1)
l
T 2
g
T 1 l
&
T 2 l
1 0.1
⇒ Time lost in 1 day = # # 24 hours = 43.2 seconds
2 100
55. Answer (3)
1 1 1
…(1)
R R1 R2
dR dR1 dR2
2
2
…(2)
R R 1 R 22
From (1), R = 2 Ω
dR 0.8 0.4

4 16 16
4.8
=
dR = 0.3
16
56. Answer (3)
2 3
A B
Z=
C4
Z 2A B 4C
∴ 3#
Z A B C
57. Answer (1)

m m
2
V r # l
0.006 0.005 0.04
∴ % error in d 2# n # 100 4%
0.6 0.5 4
58. Answer (2)
[τ] = [M1L2T–2]
M L T
⇒ 2 2
M L T
= 5 × 5% = 25%
59. Answer (4)

GM
g=
R2
R
# 100 2
R
g 2R
4%
g R
Increase by 4%
60. Answer (3)
When the wire is stretched, volume remains constant. If length is increased by 0.4% area will decrease
by 0.4% so
l
From R
A
dR dl dA
# 100 # 100 # 100
R l A
%R = 0.4 + 0.4 = 0.8%
61. Answer (4)
 H = i2Rt
 % error in H = 2 × 2% + 1% + 3%
= 8%
62. Answer (4)

M
Density 2
R L
d dM 2dR dL
&
M R L
: 0.01 2 # 0.03 0.04 D # 100

0.4 6 8
= 2.5 + 1 + 0.5%
= 4%
63. Answer (1)
a PP k :a 2
a k a b k a c k a 2 d kD
a 3b c 1 d
a
P
P k# 1
100 2 # 1 3 # 2 3 2 # 4
= 13%
64. Answer (2)
l = rθ
2 r 2 l
and T #
V V
8 # l
` t 4T
V
15
8 # 4.4 # 9.46 # 10

1
8 # 1.5 # 1011 # 4 # #
3600 180
= 4.5 × 1010 s
65. Answer (1050.00)

m
ρ=
4 d 3
c m
3 2
m d
∴% 3. d n
m d
= 6 + 3 × 1.5 = 10.5%
1050
= d n%
100
66. Answer (5)
V
R=
I
R V I
& # 100 # 100 # 100
R V I
2 0.2
# 100 # 100 = 5%
50 20
67. Answer (34)
4
v= R 3
3
v R
⇒ # 100 = ^3h # 100
v R
0.85
= ^3h # # 100 = 34
7.5
68. Answer (14)
1 1
E= mv 2 m 2 , 2 02
2 2
E = CT 2 g 2
E
% 2 # (4 3) 14
E
69. Answer (18)
1
% error in z = 3 # 4 +
# 12
2
= 12 + 6 = 18%
70. Answer (150)

1.22 1.23 1.19 1.20
lmean 1.21
4
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01
lmean 0.015
4
lmean 0.015 150
So % l # 100 # 100 = %
lmean 1.21 121
x = 150
71. Answer (5)

l
T 2
g
dg 2dT d,
×100 ×100 ×100
g T ,
1 1
2× ×100 ×100 5%
50 100
72. Answer (300)
Volume is constant so on length doubled
Area is halfed so
l 2l l
R and R' 4 4R
A A A
2
So percentage increase will be
4R R
R% # 100 300%
R
  
Chapter 1 Step-3

Measurement
SOLUTIONS
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Answer (2)
2
n a
eP o^V nbh nRT
V2
n2 a
=P
V2
PV 2
⇒ a= = [ML5T–2 mol–2]
n2
2. Answer (2)
V
b= = [L3 mol–1]
n
3. Answer (2)
1 n2 a
R= c me P 2 o^V nbh
nT V
R = 6ML2 T 2 mol 1 K 1@
− − −
4. Answer (2)
a − t2
P=
bx
a → [T2]
F
P" 6ML1 T 2@
A
[T 2]
⇒ [ML–1T–2] =
[b] [L]
a
⇒ = 6ML0 T –2@
b
5. Answer (2)
8 J = (8 N) (1 m)
1 1 2
= (8) c mc m
2 2
=1
6. Answer (1)
x1 = (3.0 ± 0.1)
x2 = (6.0 ± 0.2)
x′ = x1 + x2
∆x′ = ∆x1 + ∆x2
x′ = (9.0 ± 0.3)
7. Answer (3)
1 1 1

x m x1 x2
1(x m ) 1(x1) 1(x2)

(x m ) 2
^x 1h
2
^ x 22h
x m = (2.0 ! 0.1)
8. Answer (1)
V = abc
V a b c

V a b c
V 0.1 0.1 0.1
# 100 d n # 100 = 4
V 5 10 10
9. Answer (4)
4 3
V= R
3
V R
( 3) c m
V R
10. Answer (1)
L
T = 2
g
2L
g= 2
T
g L 2T

g L T
g
# 100 = 1 + 2 × 2 = 5%
g
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (1, 3)
Angle has a unit but no dimension.
2. Answer (2, 4)
[G] = [M–1L3T–2], [c] = [LT–1],
[h] = [ML2T–1],
[L] = [M–x+z, L3x + y + 2z T–2x – y – z]
1 3 1
⇒ x= ,y=– ,z=
2 2 2
3. Answer (1, 3, 4)
y
is dimensionless while ω has dimension [T–1] therefore cannot be added.
A
Similarly dimension of A ≠ dimension of kx.

and dimension of A ≠ dimension of .
k
4. Answer (1, 2, 4)
r 1
0.1
r 10
For five measurements of T
<T> = 0.56 second
0.04 0 0.01 0.02 0.03

Average absolute error = 0.02
5
T 0.02
∴ # 100 # 100 3.57%
T 0.56
7 (R – r )
T 2 42
5g
g (R – r ) T 2
⇒ # 100 # 100 2 # 100 # 100 2 # 3.57 = 11%
g (R – r ) T 50
5. Answer (1, 3)
Rseries = 27.0 ± 0.4 Ω
Rparallel = 6.0 ± 0.07 Ω
R 0.1 0.3

As 2
2

6 9 18 2
⇒ ∆R = 0.07 Ω
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
1. Answer (2)
The elongation will be maximum when line joining planet-earth is tangent to the orbit. Tangent is
perpendicular to radius.
2. Answer (3)
0.38
sin & 22º
1
3. Answer (2)
Method is applicable for inferior planets (i.e., planets lying between sun and earth).
Comprehension-II
1. Answer (4)
3.9 + 3.5 + 3.7 + 3.4 + 3.5 (0.3) 2 + (0.1) 2 + (0.1) 2 + (0.2) 2 + (0.1) 2
Here a = = 3.6 m. ∆a = = 0.18 m
5 5
2. Answer (2)
| a1 | | a2 | | a3 | | a4 | | a5 |

Use a = 0.16
5
3. Answer (1)
0.18
⇒ # 100 = 5% percentage error in length
3.6
SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(p, s); B(q); C(q); D(r, t)
[Surface tension] = [Energy per unit area] = [Spring constant] = M1L0T–2
[Pressure] = [Energy density] = [Young’s Modulus] = ML–1T–2
[b] = [Angular momentum] = [Energy × time] = ML2T–1
2. Answer A(r, s); B(t); C(r, t); D(p, q)

ax c
6F @ ! 6LT 2@

(p) F 2 2
at bx
a
(q) Above equation will give two different value of ; E
b
(r) [b] = [a] = [T1]
(s) [a] = LT–1
a2
< F LT 1 & 6b@ LT 1
b
(t) [a] = MLT–1 [b] = T1
SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (3)
Unit of measurement is inversely proportional to the magnitude.
2. Answer (1)
Dimensional analysis can be used for deriving relation among physical quantities having dimensions.
3. Answer (2)
Angle has no dimension but has unit. Gravitational constant has unit.
4. Answer (1)
Quantities of same dimensions only can be added.
5. Answer (1)
Smaller the least count more is precision.
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (1)
p b dc

la
Equating dimension of both side
6M 0 L0 T 1@ 6ML1 T 2@b 6ML3@c 6La@
0=b+c
0 = –b – 3c – a
–1 = –2b
Solving these,
1
c=–
2
1 3
a– 1
2 2
1
b=
2
a+b+c=1
2. Answer (5)
M1 a L1 b T1 c 1
n2 = n1 d n d n d n M2 = 10M1, L2 = L1 , T2 = 10 T1
M2 L2 T2 100
1 1 100 2 1 2
1 d nc m d n
10 1 10
1 100 # 100 100

= 10 # 1
#
1
5
= n2 10= &x 5
3. Answer (6)
E = FATx/3
[ML2T–2] = [MLT–2] [LT–2] [Tx/3]
⇒ x=6
4. Answer (3)
g l T l t
# 100 # 100 2 # 100 # 100 2 # 100
g l T l t
0.1 1 1 20 49
# 100 2 # # 100 2.7 .
20.0 90 2 9 18
Rounding off to nearest integer gives 3.
5. Answer (9)
P a 2b 1 c d
# 100 d 3 c m n # 100 = 9
P a b 2 c d
SECTION - G
Previous Years Questions
1. Answer (B)
Y 2D D 0.01 0.05

d n a ;
Y D D 0.4 0.8
Y 1 5
d2 # n
2 # 10 11
40 80
∆Y = 0.225 × 1011
(2.0 ± 0.2) ×1011 N/m2
2. Answer (A)
2L
t1 =
g
L
t2 =
V
∴ T = t1 + t2
2L L
⇒ T= +
g V
2 1 1
⇒ ∆T = # L L
g 2 L V
1 1 1
⇒ 0.01 = e # o L
5 2 # 20 300
1 1
⇒ 0.01 = d n L
20 300
(15 1)
⇒ 0.01 = L
300
0.01# 300
⇒ ∆L =
16
L 3
∴ # 100 = # 100 = 1%
L 16 # 20
3. Answer (A)
Sol. Y = cαhβGγ
[M1L–1T–2] = [M0L1T–1]α [M1L2T–1]β [M–1L3T–2]γ
1=β–γ
–1 = α + 2β + 3γ
–2 = – α – β – 2γ
Solving
α = 7, β = –1, γ = –2
4. Answer (A, B)
[position] = Xα
[speed] = Xβ
X
∴ [time] =
X
X

X
∴ [acceleration] =
X

⇒ X p X 2
⇒ p = 2β – α
⇒ α + p = 2β ...(i)
momentum
And, [force] = ; E
time
Xq
⇒ Xr
X
⇒ r=q+β–α
⇒ r = q + β – (2β – p)
⇒ r=q–β+p
⇒ p + q – r = β ...(ii)
5. Answer (C)
[k] = [ML2T–2K–1]
(P) → (4)
[n] = [ML–1T–2] [T]
[n] = [ML–1T–1]
(Q) → (2)
[h] = [ML2T–2] [T]
= [ML2T–1]
(R) → (1)
−
[ML2 T 3]
[k] =
[L] [K]
= [ML1T–3K–1]
(S) → (3)
6. Answer (4)
E = A2e–αt
A
# 100 1.25%
A
t
# 100 1.5%
t
Taking log and differentiating, we get
E A
2c m t
E A
E A
# 100 2 # # 100 t # 100
E A
= 2 × 1.25 + (0.2)(1.5) × 5
= 2.50 + 1.5 = 4%
7. Answer (4)
[B] = [e]α [me]β [hγ] [k]δ
[M1T–2I–1] = [IT]α [M]β [ML2T–1]γ [ML3T–4]δ
So, β + γ + δ = 1 …(i)
2γ + 3δ = 0 …(ii)
α – γ – 4δ = –2 …(iii)
α – 2δ = –1 …(iv)
On solving
so, α + β + γ + δ = 4
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Class-XI Phy Chapter-1

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Chapter 1 Step-1

Physical World, Units and

In CGS system 1 newton is equal to 100,000 dynes

All non-zero digits in a number are significant figures.

then c = (a – b) ± (∆a + ∆b)

⇒ mass of the liquid = [(46.4 – 35.6) ± (0.2 + 0.2)] gram

= (10.8 ± 0.4) gram

As the measurement unit decrease the numerical value increases.

10. Answer (2)

11. Answer (3)

Req ± ∆Req = (R1 + R2) ± (∆R1 + ∆R2)

12. Answer (2)

Hence, P = El2m–5G–2 will have dimensions:

14. Given T 2 αr 3 & Tαr 3/2 . T is also functions of g and R ⇒ T α gxRy

Refractive index → No units

Solar constant → J m–2 s–1

(b) 1 u × c2 = 931.5 MeV.

Using equation (i) and (ii)

(ii) Advantages of dimensional Analysis :

(a) It is extremely useful in checking the correctness of an equation.

(c) We can easily deduce relation among various physical quantities.

Limitations of Dimensional Analysis :

Some of the sources of systematic errors are as follows:

(2) Imperfection in Experimental Technique or procedure : The measurement may be

(3) Personal errors.

20. (i) (a) 10.163

(b) 1.67 × 10–17

All digits lying in a base number of a scientific notation are significant.

Hence, three significant figures.

Four significant figures.

In a number without a decimal point, trailing zeroes are not significant.

Hence, two significant figures.

Five significant figures.

Four significant figures.

(ii) (a) 3.264 → 3.26

(b) 0.9462 → 0.946

(c) 1.667 → 1.67

(d) 1.285 → 1.28

(e) 45.875 → 45.9

22. (a) Precision is given by the least count of the instrument.

For 20 oscillations, precision = 0.1 s

For 1 oscillation, precision = 0.005 s

23. The fractional error in X is

Physical World, Units and

[h] = [ML2T–1] while [p] = [MLT–1]

1 joule = n units. Or 1 kg m2s–2 = n units

[M] = [Fa] [Lb] [Tc] = [MLT–2]a [Lb] [Tc] ⇒ a = 1, b = – 1, c = 2

10. Answer (3)

Newton × second = Impulse = change in Linear momentum.

11. Answer (3)

12. Answer (1)

Pressure = [ML–1 T–2]

13. Answer (4)

According to principle of homogeneity of dimensions, A cannot be added directly to B.

14. Answer (1)

Least count = 0.1 cm

If mass of cube is m and length of side is l then

= 0.3 + 3 × 0.2 = 0.9%

16. Answer (2)

20. Answer (1)

: 0.01 2 # 0.03 0.04 D # 100

0.04 0 0.01 0.02 0.03

R 0.1 0.3

| a1 | | a2 | | a3 | | a4 | | a5 |