Date: 13/03/2022 Question Paper Code : 65

Max. Marks : 50 Time: 2 Hrs.

Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 | Ph.: 011-47623456

Answers & Solutions

for
Indian Olympiad Qualifier in Physics
(IOQP) Part-II (2021-22)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. This booklet consists of 5 questions. Write roll number at the top wherever asked.

2. Booklet to write the answers is provided separately. Instructions to write the answers are on the Answer
Booklet.

3. Marks will be awarded on the basis of what you write on both the Summary Answer Sheet and the Detailed
Answer Sheets in the Answer Booklet. Simple short answer and plots may be directly entered in the Summary
Answer Sheet. Marks may be deducted for absence of detailed work in questions involving longer calculations.

4. Strike out any rough work that you do not want to be considered for evaluation. You may also use the space
on the Question Paper for rough work, this will NOT be evaluated.

5. Non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed. Mobile phones cannot be used as calculators.

6. Please submit the Answer Booklet at the end of the examination. You may retain the Question Paper.

-1-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

1. A block of mass m = 0.1 kg is attached to a spring (one end fixed to the wall) with spring constant k = 50 N m–1.
The block slides on a rough horizontal table along the x-axis. Assume that both the coefficients of kinetic (k)
and static friction (s) are same and constant (k = s =  = 0.25). The block is initially displaced to x0 = 0.1 m
from the unstretched position (normal length of the spring, x = 0) of the spring and released from rest as shown
below. Neglect any air resistance. Take the acceleration g due to gravity to be 10 m/s2.

(a) [3 marks] How many times (n) will the block cross the unstretched position before coming to rest
permanently?
(b) [1 marks] Determine the total distance D covered by the block before coming to rest.
(c) [6 marks] Let us divide one complete oscillation of the block, starting from a fully stretched condition of the
spring, into four distinct sections, requiring the following times in order :
(i) t1 : time taken for the block to move from fully stretched to the unstretched position,
(ii) t2 : time taken for the block to move from the unstretched position to fully compressed position,
(iii) t3 : time taken for the block to move from fully compressed to the unstretched position,
(iv) t4 : time taken for the block to move from the unstretched position to fully stretched position.
Let the distance covered during the above intervals be d1, d2, d3 and d4, respectively.
Also, let T1 and T2 be the time taken to complete the first and the second oscillations, respectively, starting from
the initial displacement, x0.
Compare the above times and distances by inserting an appropriate sign (from among <, >, or = only) between
the given quantities in each of the boxes below. Note that you will be penalised for 0.5 marks for giving each
incorrect answer in this part. You need not to justify your answer.

(d) [2 marks] Qualitatively plot the displacement x from the unstretched position vs the time t.
Sol. (a) Let finally it stops at distance xm from unstretched position.
mg
xm  [for block to be permanently at rest]
k
By WE theorem

k ( x02 − x12 ) = mg ( x0 + x1 )

1
2

k ( x12 − x22 ) = mg ( x1 + x2 )

1
2

-2-
IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

k ( xn2−1 − xn2 ) = mg ( xn −1 + xn )

1
2

 Solving we get

kx0
 (2n + 1)
mg

 n=9

2n(mg )
x0 − x n = ...(1)
k

(b) from (1)

xn = 0.01 m

k ( x02 − xn2 ) = mg D

1
2

 25[(0.1)2 – (0.01)2] = 0.25 D

 D = 0.99 m

(c)

Let it stops at distance x1[in compressed position] for first time. For motion from A to B in SHM with mean
position at C. Since friction acts rightwards, so t1 > t2 and d1 > d2

While moving from compressed to unstretched friction acts leftward so, M. P. is left of unstretched position,
T
so t 2 
4

T
t3 
4

 t2 < t3

mg
d 2 = x0 − , clearly, d4 < d2
k

Amplitude keeps on decreasing but mean position gets shifted by constant quantity so, t1 < t3

Time period is same throughout for complete oscillation,

then T1 = T2

-3-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

(d) x-t graph

2. The first explosion of an atomic bomb was the Trinity test in New Mexico in 1945. This explosion released a very
large amount of energy E which created an expanding fireball (known as the Trinity fireball). A snapshot of this
fireball taken 0.025 s after the explosion is shown in the photograph below.

A scientist, Prof. Geoffrey Taylor, could make an estimate of the energy released by the bomb from an analysis
of such photographs. Here we try to follow in his footsteps, with some suitable simplifications.
To begin, we assume that the fireball is spherical in nature. Its radius (R) increases with time (t) depending on
the explosion energy E and the density  of the surrounding air (which is taken as constant and uniform).
We are also given a graph of the data obtained by Prof. Taylor, as shown below. However, the axes labels of
the graph are missing.

-4-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

Given data :
1 kiloton (kt) of TNT = 4.2 × 1012 J
Density  of air outside the fireball = 1.22 kg/m3.
(a) [3 marks] What are the quantities represented by the axes of the graph? Also state the respective units in
which they are expressed. In the detailed answer sheet, justify your answer.
(b) [4 marks] Find the slope (s) of the best fit line shown in the graph. What are the dimensions of the quantity
s?
(c) [3 marks] From a dimensional analysis based on the above simplified model, make an estimate of the
energy E released (in kt of TNT) in the Trinity test.
Sol. (a) From the graph the linear nature of best fit curve represents the direct relation between the variables on
the axes.
Only variables available are radius of fireball and time as yield energy and density of air are constant.
As shown in part c of the same question R  t2/5
To establish linear relation the graph should have its axis labelled with R5 and t2.
(b) Based on the scale of R and t taken the value of slope will vary but dimension of slope would be [L5T–2]
(c) [R] = [E]x []y [t]z
 x + y = 0, 2x – 3y = 1, –2x + z = 0
1 1 2
On solving x = , y =– , z=
5 5 5
1 –1 2
R= E 5 5t 5 . Constant

E=
( R 5 )
assuming constant = 1
t2
At t = 0.025 from graph
R = 140 m

(140)5  1.22
E= = 104.9  1012 J
(0.025)2

104.9
E= kTNT
4.2
 25 kTNT
3. Consider an air filled spherical balloon comprised of elastic material of surface tension  = 500 kg/s2. The
pressure outside the balloon is the atmospheric pressure (Patm = 101 kPa) and the density of air outside is atm
= 1.22 kg/m3.
The balloon starts deflating slowly. Assume that the average velocity of air inside the balloon is negligible, and
air leaves the balloon in a streamline fashion. Consider  to be constant throughout, and the air to be
incompressible.
(a) [8 marks] Write an expression for the time t required to deflate the balloon through a small opening of
cross-sectional area A from an initial radius R0 to a final radius R.
(b) [1 marks] Obtain the value of this time for A = 1 × 10–5 m2, R0 = 0.15 m and R = 0.05 m.

-5-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

Sol. (a) Let the radius of balloon at a certain moment is R so

4
Pressure inside the balloon is P = Patm +
R

Using Bernoulli’s equation for inside and outside point

1 2
P = Patm + v
2

1 2 4
So, v =
2 R

8
v=
R

Due to this out flow radius of balloon will decrease so

dV
vA = −
dt

8 dR
A = −4R2
R dt

R t
A 8
 R dR = −  dt
5/2

R0
4  0

8 
Or, t =
7A 8
(R7/2
0 −R
7/2
)

(b) For A = 1 × 10–5 m2, R0 = 0.15 m, R = 0.05 m

 = 1.22 kg/m3,  = 500 kg/sec2

t = 8.02 sec

4. A student performed an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum
which has a spherical bob of diameter d hung with a long string. She varied the length of the string l, and
measured the period of oscillation T every time. She calculated the value of g from each measurement as shown
in the table below.

She noticed that not only was the average value of g smaller than the expected value, each one of the
measurements had yielded a value smaller than the true value.

Next, she plotted a graph between T2 and l from the same data, and obtained the value of g = 981 cm/s2 from
the slope of the best fit line.

-6-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

(a) [3 marks] What do you think might be the main cause for the consistently low values of g that she obtained
from each of her measurements?
(b) [4 marks] Explain in detail why she still obtained a correct value of g from the slope of the graph plotted
from the same data.
Assume that the instruments of measuring time and length were accurate enough and all the measurements of
the stated quantities were correct within the accuracy of the instruments. It is verified that the graph and the
linear best fit were correctly plotted and all numerical calculations in the above are correct. Note that you are
not expected to plot any graph [no graph paper is provided to you).
Sol. (a) We know that the time period of a simple pendulum is given by

L
T = 2
g

L
 g = 42  …(i)
T2

 d
Now, as the student uses values of  in place of L  = + 
 2

 Numerator of right hand side of equation (i) becomes smaller.

 This gives consistently low values of g. On increasing value of  value of d becomes insignificant.

(b) From equation (i),

4 2
T2 = L
g

42 d
= ( + )
g 2

-7-
 IOQP (Part-II) 2021-22

42 22d
 T2 = l +
g g
y m x c

4 2
From the above equation, slope of graph between T2 and  comes out to be which is independent of
g

 or L.

 It gives the correct value of g.

5. [12 marks] A circuit consists of an emf source and five resistors with unknown resistances. When an ideal
ammeter is connected between points 1 and 2, its reading is IA. If instead a resistor R is connected to the same
two points, the current through that resistor is IR. If instead an ideal voltmeter is connected between points 1
and 2, its reading is V. Obtain V in terms of IA, R and IR only.

Sol. Suppose equivalent of circuit shown in adjoining figure is as given below

As per question
Veq = IAReq …(i)

Veq = IB (Req + R) …(ii)

Veq = V …(iii)

On solving equation (i), (ii) and (iii)

I AI B
V= R
I A − IB

❑ ❑ ❑

-8-